清晨漸亮漸藍，入夜漸暗漸橘夜的類太陽光照明，是全人類追求健康的極致，也已是未來的趨勢；；目前，市面上的照明光源，大多為一成不變的白光，其中的藍光，有利於可體松(醒來激素)分泌，使人有精神，適合白天使用；然而，入夜後使用，則會抑制褪黑激素的分泌，造成失眠，嚴重干擾人體生理節律，使身心無法得到休息；因此，設計出一個能夠仿太陽依時而變的光源是迫切需要的。

為了製作出類太陽光光源，所使用的技術應具備以下特點：（1）平面光源、（2）色溫可調、（3）亮度可調與（4）寬廣的連續光譜，在諸多照明技術裡，只有有機發光二極體，能夠同時具備以上特點；因此，開發出一低成本、高效率的類太陽光OLED光源，是當前重要的課題。

先前，製作類太陽光OLED時，乃透過載子調製層的添加，以控制再結合區的移轉；然而，此方法的元件結構複雜，蒸鍍的時間長，製作成本高，不利於商業化推廣；因此，本研究將導入複合激子之元件結構，期望不須添加載子調製層，就可達到寬廣的色溫變化。

本研究使用主體材料9,9’-(4,4’-(Phenylphosphoryl)bis-(4,1-phenylene))bis(9H-carbazole), [BCPO] 並加入8 wt% 藍光客體 Bis[2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-C2,N](picolinato)iridium, [FIrPic]與2 wt% 黃光客體 Bis(4-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridinato-N,C2') (acetylacetonate) iridium(III), [PO-01]作為第一發光層，並使用電子供體材料9,9'-Diphenyl-9H,9'H-3,3'-bicarbazole, [BCzPH]與電子受體材料2,4,6-tris(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine [3P-T2T]組成複合激子共主體，並添加7 wt% 之綠光客體 Tris[2-phenylpyridine]iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3]與4 wt% 之紅光客體 (Ir(mphq)2(acac))作為第二發光層。

此一根基於複合激子的類太陽光OLED，其整體結構，從ITO玻璃基板開始為，10 nm的電洞注入層[HAT-CN]，8 nm的第一發光層[BCPO: FIrPic: PO-01]，15 nm的第二發光層[BCzPH: 3P-T2T: Ir(ppy)3: Ir(mphq)2(acac)]，70 nm的電子傳輸層（3P-T2T），1 nm的電子注入層(LiF)與100 nm的陰極 (Al)。

結果顯示，在施加電壓從3.5增加到10伏時，其色溫，可從6,100 K變化到2,100K；元件亮度，最大可到9,900 nits；在100 cd/m2下，其能量效度為4.1 lm/W，外部能量效率為2.9%。

此一元件，在沒添加載子調製層，就能有寬廣的色溫變化，可歸因於第二發光層的3P-T2T主體，其具有較深的HOMO，使電洞在低電壓下，能夠被有效阻擋在第一發光層裡；電壓增加後，再結合區可顯著移動至第二發光層，使得紅、綠、黃、藍光的相對強度，有所改變；所得色溫，高度貼合黑體輻射軌跡，則可歸因於：使用了四種大幅包圍黑體輻射軌跡色域之染料。

Early morning gradually brightens and turns blue, while nightfall gradually darkens and turns orange. This type of sunlight-style illumination, which mimics the natural progression of light throughout the day, is the ultimate pursuit of human health and a trend for the future. Currently, most lighting sources on the market provide a constant white light, with blue light being beneficial for promoting alertness and mental acuity during the day. However, using such lighting at night can suppress the secretion of melatonin, leading to insomnia and severe disruption of the body's circadian rhythm, preventing both the mind and body from obtaining proper rest. Therefore, the development of a lighting source that can simulate the changing colors of sunlight according to the time of day is urgently needed.

To fabricate a sunlight-style OLED lighting source, the technology used should possess the following characteristics: (1) planar light source, (2) adjustable color temperature, (3) adjustable brightness, and (4) a wide and continuous spectrum. Among various lighting technologies, only Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) can simultaneously fulfill these requirements. Thus, developing a low-cost and efficient OLED lighting source that resembles sunlight is a crucial task at present.

In previous attempts to fabricate sunlight-style OLEDs, carrier modulation layers were added to control the transition in the recombination zone. However, this method resulted in complex device structures, lengthy deposition times, and high production costs, which are not conducive to commercialization. Therefore, this study introduces a device structure based on composite excitons, aiming to achieve a wide range of color temperature variations without the need for carrier modulation layers.

For this study, the host used is 9,9'-(4,4'-(Phenylphosphoryl)bis-(4,1-phenylene))bis(9H-carbazole) [BCPO], combined with 8 wt% blue dye, bis2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-C2,Niridium [FIrPic] and 2 wt% yellow dye, Bis(4-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridinato-N,C2')(acetylacetonate)iridium(III) [PO-01] as the first emission layer. The exciplex co-hosts consist of donor material 9,9'-Diphenyl-9H,9'H-3,3'-bicarbazole [BCzPH] and acceptor material 2,4,6-tris(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine [3P-T2T], along with 7 wt% green dye, tris[2-phenylpyridine]iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] and 4 wt% red dye , (Ir(mphq)2(acac)). These components constitute the second emission layer.

The overall structure of this sunlight-style OLED, starting from the ITO glass substrate, consists of a 10 nm hole injection layer [HAT-CN], an 8 nm first emission layer [BCPO: FIrPic: PO-01], a 15 nm second emission layer [BCzPH: 3P-T2T: Ir(ppy)3: Ir(mphq)2(acac)], a 70 nm electron transport layer [3P-T2T], a 1 nm electron injection layer [LiF], and a 100 nm cathode [Al].

The results show that by applying a voltage ranging from 3.5 to 10 volts, the color temperature can vary from 6,100 K to 2,100 K. The maximum brightness of the device can reach 9,900 nits. At 100 cd/m², the luminous efficacy is 4.1 lm/W, with an external quantum efficiency of 2.9%.

This device achieves a wide range of color temperature variations without the need for carrier modulation layers, thanks to the second emission layer composed of the exciplex co-host 3P-T2T, which possesses a deeper HOMO level. This allows effective confinement of holes within the first emission layer at low voltages. As the voltage increases, the recombination zone significantly shifts to the second emission layer, resulting in changes in the relative intensities of red, green, yellow, and blue light. The obtained color temperature closely matches the blackbody radiation locus, attributed to the use of dyes that encompass the color gamut of blackbody radiation.

摘要……II
Abstract……V
表目錄……X
圖目錄……XI
致謝……XIV
壹、緒論……1
1-1、太陽光的好處……1
1-2、太陽光OLED的發明……2
1-3、研究動機……2
貳、文獻回顧……4
2-1、光與健康的關係……4
2-1-1 光照對健康的益處……4
2-1-2 光照對健康的危害……5
2-1-3 現有電子光線的問題與對策……11
2-2、OLED的發現與發展……14
2-3、類太陽光OLED的發明與進展……24
2-4、複合激子的發現與進展……25
2-4-1、形成機制……25
2-4-2、能量傳遞方式……26
2-4-3、複合激子的發現與進展……28
參、理論背景……31
3-1光色、色溫之定義……31
3-2、視網膜最大可容許曝照極限(MPE)的計算……33
3-3、褪黑激素抑制程度指標(MSS)的計算……34
3-4、自然光譜相似性指數(SRI)的計算……35
肆、實驗方法……36
4-1、 材料的選用……36
4-1-1、材料之名稱與功能……36
4-1-2、材料之化學結構……38
4-2、材料之性質量測及分析……42
4-2-1、光激發光(Photoluminescence)光譜……42
4-3、元件設計與製備……42
4-3-1、ITO 玻璃基板電路設計……42
4-3-2、ITO 玻璃基板清潔與前處理……43
4-3-3、發光層（EML）之製備……44
4-3-4、真空蒸鍍腔體與外部抽壓系統……45
4-3-5、蒸鍍薄膜鍍率測定……46
4-3-6、元件電性與發光效率之量測……47
伍、結果與討論……50
5-1 元件結構……50
5-2、複合激子共主體的光學特性……53
5-3、客體濃度與發光層厚度對色溫變化的影響……56
5-4、類太陽光OLED元件的光質與健康指標……64
陸、結論……66
柒、參考資料……68
附錄一、個人著作目錄……73

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