為了展現出卓越的機械特性，天然的雙相複合材料將互補的不同材料結合在一起，提供機械強度、保護和支撐，同時保持靈活性。而自然中的三度週期最小曲面（TPMS）結構則兼具輕且強的優異機械性能。受大自然啟發，我們結合兩者優勢，設計出能夠吸收和分散能量的複合材料，提高單一材料的耐損性，為各種工程應用提供創新解決方案。
本研究檢驗了一系列具TPMS結構的多材料雙相複合材料的能量吸收能力。通過多材料3D列印、多尺度結構觀察、壓縮測試和有限元模擬，評估了互穿相複合材料（IPC）和三明治複合材料的力學性能和應力分佈。TPMS IPC的結果強調了增強相剛度和拓撲對機械性能的影響。我們發現具有剛性增強相的 IPC表現出更高的能量吸收，並且比能量吸收會隨增強相拓撲改變。根據結果可以確定在增強損傷容限和機械性能方面最有效的TPMS IPC設計。而在TPMS三明治複合材料中，我們發現軟芯的性能優於硬芯，表現出均勻的變形和有效的能量吸收。我們量化硬包層相的體積-性能關係，發現是軟芯和硬包層之間的相互作用促進了負載轉移和能量耗散，增強了需要抗衝擊的應用的韌性。
總體而言，本研究針對具三週期最小表面之多材料雙相複合材料，提出其壓縮變形機制並量化其能量吸收能力。此結果強調了材料選擇和拓撲設計在優化多材料複合材料結構力學性能方面的重要性。IPC可以通過選擇不同拓樸的增強相來定制特性，且複合材料中不同材料特性的協同相互作用有助於它們承受外加載荷和恢復形狀，使它們具有彈性並應用於各種工程，包括能量存儲和轉換。使用增材製造技術來製造IPC和夾層複合材料可實現創新和多功能設計，為先進材料和工程應用開闢新的可能性。本研究在交通、國防、體育器材、能源存儲和建築等各個行業具有巨大的應用潛力。

To exhibit superior mechanical properties, natural dual-phase composites combine complementary dissimilar materials to provide mechanical strength, protection, and support while maintaining flexibility. The three-dimensional periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure in nature has excellent mechanical properties of lightness and strength. Inspired by nature, we combine the advantages of both to design composite materials that can absorb and disperse energy, improve the damage resistance of a single material, and provide innovative solutions for various engineering applications.
This study examines the energy absorption capabilities of a series of multi-material dual-phase composites with TPMS structures. The mechanical properties and stress distribution of interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) and sandwich composites were evaluated by multi-material 3D printing, multiscale structural observation, compression testing, and finite element simulation. The results of TPMS IPCs highlight the effect of enhanced phase stiffness and topology on mechanical properties. We found that IPCs with rigid reinforcing phases exhibit higher energy absorption, and the specific energy absorption is affected by the topology of the reinforcing phase. From the results, the most effective TPMS IPCs in enhancing damage tolerance and mechanical properties can be identified. In the TPMS sandwich composite, we found that the soft-core outperformed the hard-core, exhibiting uniform deformation and efficient energy absorption. We also quantified the volume-property relationship of the hard-cladding phase. It was found that the interaction between the soft-core and the hard-cladding facilitates load transfer and energy dissipation, enhancing toughness in applications requiring impact resistance.
Overall, this study proposes the compression deformation mechanism and quantifies the energy absorption capacity of a multi-material dual-phase composite with a three-period minimum surface. This result highlights the importance of material selection and topology design in optimizing the mechanical properties of multi-material composite structures. The properties of IPCs can be tailored by selecting reinforcement phases with different topologies, and the synergistic interaction of varying material properties in composites enables them to withstand applied loads and recover shape, making them elastic and applicable to various projects, including energy storage and conversion. Using additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate IPCs and sandwich composites enables innovative and multifunctional designs, giving new possibilities for advanced materials and engineering applications. The research has application potential in various industries such as transportation, defense, sports equipment, energy storage, and construction.

摘要 I
Abstract III
致謝 V
Figure Caption VII
Table Caption XII
目錄 XIII
Chapter. 1 Introduction 1
Chapter. 2 Literature Review 4
2.1 Composite Structures in Nature 4
2.2 Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) 8
2.3 Interpenetrating Phase Composites (IPCs) 13
2.4 Manufacturability of TPMS-Based Metamaterials 17
2.5 Computational Modeling 22
Chapter. 3 Experimental Method 26
3.1 Model Designs 28
3.1.1 TPMS IPCs 28
3.1.2 Sandwich Structure 32
3.2 Additive Manufacturing 36
3.3 Structural Observation 38
3.4 Compression Test 40
3.5 Finite Element Simulation 44
Chapter. 4 Results and Discussion 47
4.1 Microstructural characterization 48
4.1.1 Printing quality analysis 48
4.1.2 Fracture surface analysis 57
4.2 Compressive Mechanical Properties of TPMS IPCs 61
4.2.1 Effect of Rigidity 61
4.2.2 Effect of Topology 74
4.2.3 Specific Energy Absorption 86
4.3 TPMS Sandwich Structure 92
4.3.1 Hard-Core Sandwich Composites 92
4.3.2 Soft-Core Sandwich Composites 102
4.3.3 Comparison of hard-core and soft-core composites 113
4.3.4 Finite Element Analysis 116
Chapter. 5 Conclusions 124
Chapter. 6 Future Works 127
References 129

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