由於輻射防護量無法經由量測獲得，因此劑量轉換係數成為一種常見的評估工具，且必須將此係數的模擬延伸至高能量以滿足目前國內各式高能量加速器的輻射環境；ICRP為了劑量評估的需求，以高加索人的統計資料為基準發表了參考人假體，但亞洲人的組織器官質量及相對位置等都與高加索人有差異，因此屬實有需要依人種分類建置相關參考人假體，台灣於2015年也開發了台灣人數學假體可用來進行劑量評估，透過量化此差異將有助於提升國內輻射防護水平。
本研究先利用MCNP程式模擬能量為0.01 MeV至10 GeV的光子與0.01 MeV至10 GeV的中子由前向(AP)與均向(ISO)這兩個在實務上最常使用的射源入射ICRP參考人假體獲得有效劑量轉換係數，並與ICRP第116號報告相比較以作為驗證，再使用和上述相同的照射條件進行台灣參考人假體的模擬並與先前模擬ICRP參考人之結果做比較，以探討不同參考人假體對於體外曝露有效劑量評估的影響，以及這些差異與影響反應在中子與光子通量劑量轉換係數的量化程度，最後本研究也建立了台灣參考人假體在六種輻射照射條件下的全能量範圍(~10 GeV)的光子與中子的通量劑量轉換係數資料庫，可提供台灣本土應用。

Since the amount of radiation protection cannot be obtained through measurement, dose conversion coefficients(DCCs) have become the common assessment tool. Moreover, the simulation of DCCs must be extended to high energies to meet the current radiation environment of high-energy accelerators in Taiwan; ICRP had published the reference phantoms which was based on the statistical data of Caucasians. However, qualities and relative positions of organs of Caucasians are different from Asians. Taiwan had developed the Taiwanese reference phantoms in 2015 that can be used to do the dose assessment.
In this study, MCNP program was used to simulate photons with energies from 0.01 MeV to 10 GeV and neutrons with energies from 0.01 MeV to 10 GeV that incident from the anterior to posterior and isotropic which are the two most commonly used radiation sources in practice. After having the effective DCCs of ICRP phantoms, and comparing the results with ICRP No.116 report as the verification.
Later, using the same irradiation conditions as above, Taiwanese reference phantoms was simulated and compared with DCCs of ICRP reference phantoms to explore the influence of different phantoms on the DCCs and quantify the degree of differences.
Finally, this study also established the effective DCCs database of the photons and neutrons with Taiwanese reference phantoms in the full energy range (~10 GeV) under six irradiation exposure conditions, which can be provided for local applications in Taiwan.

摘要.................................................................i
Abstract.............................................................ii
誌謝................................................................iii
目錄.................................................................iv
表目錄...............................................................vii
圖目錄..............................................................viii
第一章 緒論............................................................1
1.1前言...............................................................1
1.2 文獻回顧...........................................................2
1.2.1輻射防護系統演進...................................................2
1.2.2 擬人數值假體.....................................................6
1.2.2.1 數學假體.......................................................6
1.2.2.2 體素假體.......................................................9
1.2.2.3 BREP假體.....................................................13
1.2.2.4 國內數值假體的發展.............................................16
1.2.3 其他亞洲國家之體外曝露轉換係數....................................17
1.3 研究目的與動機....................................................23
第二章 研究材料與方法..................................................26
2.1 體外曝露轉換係數計算...............................................26
2.2 MCNP模擬.........................................................34
2.2.1 MCNP介紹.......................................................34
2.2.2 吸收劑量........................................................38
2.2.2.1 20 MeV以下的器官吸收劑量.......................................38
2.2.2.2 20 MeV以上的器官吸收劑量.......................................40
2.2.2.3 骨骼吸收劑量..................................................43
2.3 ICRP參考人假體與台灣參考人假體比較..................................46
2.3.1 ICRP參考人假體..................................................46
2.3.2 台灣參考人假體..................................................48
第三章 結果與討論......................................................50
3.1 有效劑量轉換係數驗證...............................................50
3.2 台灣與ICRP參考人假體的有效劑量轉換係數..............................53
3.2.1 光子在AP方向的有效劑量轉換係數....................................53
3.2.2 光子在ISO方向的有效劑量轉換係數...................................54
3.2.3 中子在AP方向的有效劑量轉換係數....................................55
3.2.4 中子在ISO方向的有效劑量轉換係數...................................56
3.3 台灣與ICRP參考人假體的器官劑量轉換係數比較...........................58
3.3.1 光子在AP方向的器官劑量轉換係數比較................................58
3.3.2 光子在ISO方向的器官劑量轉換係數比較...............................75
3.3.3 中子在AP方向的器官劑量轉換係數比較................................81
3.3.4 中子在ISO方向的器官劑量轉換係數比較...............................96
3.4 台灣與其他亞洲國家的劑量轉換係數比較...............................101
3.5 台灣參考人假體在六種射源方向的劑量轉換係數統整......................102
第四章 結論與未來工作.................................................107
參考文獻.............................................................111
附錄一、台灣參考人假體在AP方向之光子有效劑量轉換係數....................124
附錄二、台灣參考人假體在ISO方向之光子有效劑量轉換係數...................125
附錄三、台灣參考人假體在AP方向之中子有效劑量轉換係數....................126
附錄四、台灣參考人假體在ISO方向之中子有效劑量轉換係數....................127

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