核電廠除役後其組件因受到放射性汙染，無法以一般廢棄物回收，因此需要透過以除污進行處理使組件放射性活度低於標準後方能正常回收。其中電化學除污是一種常用的除污方法。本研究通過重量損失、單位面積重量損失和厚度變化研究了不同尺寸和形狀的304不銹鋼的電化學除污效率。實驗中透過高溫爐高溫氧化法以及電鍍模擬沸水式反應爐運行環境在304不銹鋼上產生的氧化膜，包括基材自身腐蝕形成的內層氧化膜以及透過沉積外部活化腐蝕產物產生的外層氧化層。本研究通過直流電源在磷酸水溶液中電解進行除污。直流電源的正極接試片為陽極，直流電源的負極接白金網為陰極。在 30°C 下向系統施加電流進行除污。
結果表明，在定電流的情況下當試片面積增加時，重量損失也會增加。但相對的單位面積重量損失會降低，厚度變化也降低。當試片的形狀從平板變為管狀時。重量損失、單位面積重量損失和厚度變化均降低。而在相同電流密度下大面積試片與小面積試片的單位密度重量損失以及厚度變化都非常相近。

Electrochemical decontamination is one of the commonly adopted techniques during decontamination of radioactive wastes. The efficiency of electrochemical decontamination on Type 304 stainless steel(304SS) samples with different sizes and shapes was studied in this experiment through weight loss, specific weight loss, and thickness change. Two-layer oxide films on the samples were prepared, with an inner layer simulating oxides formed in boiling water reactor environments, and an outer layer simulating foreign corrosion product deposition. Decontamination processes were carried out by electrolysis in phosphoric acid through a DC power supply. The positive electrode of the DC power supply was connected to the sample as the anode, and the negative electrode of the DC power supply was connected to a platinum mesh as the cathode. A direct was applied to the system at 30°C.
The results show that under the constant current when the area of the specimen increased, the weight loss also increased. In the meantime, the specific weight loss decreased and the thickness change also decreased. When the shape of the sample changed from a flat disk to a sectioned tube, the weight loss, specific weight loss, and thickness change all decreased. Under the constant current density condition, the specific weight change and the thickness change of large-area specimens and small-area specimens are very similar.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
1 第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
2 第二章 基礎理論與文獻回顧 4
2.1 核能發電廠基本介紹 4
2.1.1 發電原理 4
2.1.2 核電廠分類 5
2.1.3 BWR核電廠組件材料簡介 10
2.1.4 BWR核電廠金屬組件氧化層結構 11
2.1.5 BWR核電廠放射性物質來源 12
2.2 各類除污技術簡介 12
2.2.1 物理除污法[12][13] 13
2.2.2 化學除污法[13][14] 13
2.2.3 微生物除污法[14] 13
2.2.4 熔融除污法[15] 13
2.2.5 化學泡沫除污法[16] 14
2.2.6 雷射除污法[17] 14
2.2.7 電漿除污法[18] 14
2.3 電化學除污 15
2.3.1 電化學除污簡介 15
2.3.2 電化學除污原理 15
2.3.3 電化學除污溶液 18
2.3.4 電化學除污相關文獻 20
3 第三章 研究方法 28
3.1 實驗流程 28
3.2 試片準備 30
3.2.1 試片規格與成分 30
3.2.2 試片熱處理 30
3.3 預長氧化膜 31
3.3.1 高溫氧化層 31
3.3.2 電鍍氧化層 31
3.3.3 複合氧化層 32
3.4 電化學除污槽設置 33
3.5 氧化層分析以及表面形貌觀察 33
3.5.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM) 34
3.5.2 拉曼散射光譜(Raman) 34
3.6 重量變化分析 34
3.7 厚度變化分析 35
4 第四章 實驗結果與討論 37
4.1 試片氧化層分析 37
4.1.1 表面分析 37
4.1.2 橫截面分析 40
4.2 電化學除污前後試片巨觀表面形貌變化 41
4.2.1 基材 41
4.2.2 高溫氧化層 42
4.2.3 電鍍氧化層 44
4.2.4 複合氧化層 45
4.3 定電流下試片大小及形狀對電化學除污效率之影響 46
4.3.1 不同面積的平板試片對電化學除污效率之影響 46
4.3.2 不同面積的管狀試片對電化學除污效率之影響 63
4.3.3 各形狀與大小試片對電化學除污效率彙整 76
4.4 相同電流密度下試片大小對電化學除污效率的影響 78
4.4.1 重量變化 78
4.4.2 單位面積重量變化 81
4.4.3 厚度變化 83
5 第五章 結論 86
6 參考資料 87

[1] Mycle Schneider, "The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2022" (2022)
[2] 台灣電力公司, https://www.taipower.com.tw/tc/index.aspx
[3] 行政院原子能委會, https://www.aec.gov.tw/
[4] United Stated Nuclear Regulatory Commission, https://www.nrc.gov/
[5] Khan, Salah Ud-Din, and Alexander V. Nakhabov, eds. "Nuclear Reactor Technology Development and Utilization" (2020)
[6] Gas Cooled & Advanced Gas Cooled Reactors, http://www.nucleartourist.com/type/gcr.htm
[7] Ronald A. Knief, "Nuclear Power Reactors", Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Third Edition)(2003)
[8] Roberts, JT Adrian, "Structural materials in nuclear power systems." Springer Science & Business Media(2013)
[9] Lundin, C. D., and C. P. D. Chou,"Fissuring in the vvHazard HAZ'7 Region of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds." (1985)
[10] National Research Council. "Radiochemistry in nuclear power reactors." (1996)
[11] Osterhout, Marilyn M., ed. "Decontamination and decommissioning of nuclear facilities." Springer Science & Business Media(2012)
[12] NEA Task Group on Decontamination, "Decontamination Techniques Used in Decommissioning Activities"
[13] 蔣安忠, "除役核能電廠之除污方式及除役期間放 射性廢棄物處理之研究"(2012)
[14] Kinnunen, P. "Decontamination techniques for activity removal in nuclear environments." (2008)
[15] Laraia, Michele. "Nuclear decommissioning. Planning, Execution and International" (2012)
[16] B. Fournel, S. Faure, "Decontamination Using Foams: A Brief Review of 10 Years French Experience" ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation: Volumes 1, 2, and 3, Oxford, England, September 21–25 (2003)
[17] Ph. Delaporte, M Gastaud, W. "Radioactive oxide removal by XeCI laser" Applied Surface Science 197-198 826-830 (2002)
[18] Y.H. Kim, "Decontamination of radioactive metal surface by atmospheric pressure ejected plasma source" Surface and Coatings Technology 171, 317-320 (2003)
[19] DE NORA CHINA, https://china.denora.com/zh_CN/
[20] Han, Wei, and Fengzhou Fang. "Fundamental aspects and recent developments in electropolishing." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 139 (2019)
[21] Cacuci, Dan Gabriel, ed. "Handbook of Nuclear Engineering: Vol. 1: Nuclear Engineering Fundamentals" (2010)
[22] Stang, W., A. Fischer, and P. Rubischung. "Large-scale application of segmenting and decontamination techniques." Decommissioning of nuclear installations(1990)
[23] Kaul, A., and M. Lasch. "8 Decontamination." Radiological Protection (2005)
[24] LU, Chunhai, et al. "Study on ultrasonic electrochemical decontamination. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry" (2018)
[25] Grebennikova, Tatiana; Jones, Abbie N.; Sharrad, Clint A. "Electrochemical decontamination of irradiated nuclear graphite from corrosion and fission products using molten salt. " Energy & Environmental Science(2021)
[26] Bespala, E. V., et al. "Electrochemical treatment of irradiated nuclear graphite." Journal of Nuclear Materials 526 (2019)
[27] H. M. Kothari et al., "Electrochemical Deposition and Characterization of Fe3O4 Films Produced by the Reduction of Fe(III)- triethanolamine", Materials Research Society(2006)
[28] John Kirtley, Victoria Leichner, Hergen Eilers, "Raman spectroscopy of oxygen carrier particles in harsh environments", SPIE Proceedings, 10639 (2018)
[29] Brian D. Hosterman, "Raman spectroscopic study of solid solution spinel oxides", Master of Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas(2006)
[30] Ji Hyun Kim and Il Soon Hwang, "In-situ Raman Spectroscopic Study of Oxide Films on Alloy 600 in Simulated PWR Water", Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Spring Meeting, Korea(2003)