執行功能之發展情形會影響幼兒未來之學習成就及生活適應。先前研究顯示，執行功能具有可塑性且可透過測量得知個別差異。因此，即早瞭解幼兒之執行功能發展現況將有助幼教相關人員設計適合的教學或輔導計畫。本研究旨在編製適合五歲以上幼兒的執行功能操作測驗（執行功能操作板），並驗證其信、效度，且以簡易操作、教具化及童趣作為編製的重要考量。本研究共分為四階段研究，第一階段藉文獻回顧和專家諮詢進行測驗工具（執行功能操作板）之編製。第二階段進行預試，以了解幼兒操作執行功能操作板之實際情形並針對結果進行指導語修正。第三階段為正式施測階段，有效樣本共計88位幼兒（47位六歲及41位五歲，平均月齡71.39個月），依據分測驗順序進行對抗平衡設計共分為六組，幼兒於兩次不同時間接受執行功能操作板測驗以及其他五項執行功能測驗。第四階段進行資料分析，檢驗執行功能操作板之信、效度。研究結果顯示，執行功能操作板之操作方式、指導語、施測流程及施測時長均適合五歲及六歲幼兒。測驗總分可以顯現出幼兒的個別發展差異，且接近常態分佈，不同的分測驗操作順序不影響幼兒之得分情形。在信效度方面，執行功能操作板具有良好的再測信度（r = .686，p < .001），內容一致性信度方面，黑蟲分測驗和綠蟲分測驗具有一致性（r = .313，p = .003），藍蟲分測驗則與其他兩者無顯著相關。內容效度和建構效度檢驗顯示執行功能操作板能反映幼兒的工作記憶發展差異，但對抑制控制和思考彈性之發展差異較不敏感。此外，執行功能操作板可顯示不同社經地區幼兒之執行功能發展差異，然而未能顯示五歲及六歲幼兒執行功能隨年齡而產生的發展差異。最後，本研究說明研究限制並提出未來研究建議。

The development of executive functions affects children's school achievement and life adaptation. Previous studies have found that executive functions are plastic and can be measured to understand individual differences. This study aimed to develop an executive function manipulation test for children aged over five years old, and to verify its reliability. Simplicity, instrumentation, and interesting are the most important consideration in designing this test. This research consists of four phases. First, the test was developed through literature review and expert consultation. Second, a pretest was conducted to understand the actual situation of children's operation of the executive function test and to correct the results of the tutorials. Third, 88 children (47 aged 6 and 41 aged 5, mean age 71.39 months) accepted the test and were divided into six groups based on the counterbalanced design of the test sequence. The reliability validity of the implementation version was analyzed in the fourth phase. The results showed that the method, instructions, administration procedure, and duration of the test were suitable for five- and six-year-olds. The total scores of the test were close to the normal distribution and showed developmental individual differences. Different test sequences did not affect scores. In terms of reliability, the test had good retest reliability (r = .686, p < .001), and content consistency reliability was consistent between the black subtest and the green subtest (r = .313, p = .003), while the blue subtest was not the case. The results of content validity and construct validity showed that the test content reflected the component of working memory but the components of inhibitory control and flexibility of thought were less reflected in the test content. In addition, children's performance on this test varied by socioeconomic region but there was no difference between 5- and 6-year-old children's performance on this test. Finally, this study makes recommendations for future research.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 3
第三節 名詞解釋 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 執行功能 5
第二節 執行功能發展 15
第三節 執行功能評估作業 20
第四節 艾倫認知篩檢測驗第五版 25
第三章 研究方法與設計 28
第一節 研究架構 28
第二節 測驗編製 30
第三節 正式施測程序 44
第四節 資料分析 50
第四章 研究結果 52
一、研究參與者 52
二、幼兒操作之實際表現情形 54
三、信效度驗證 59
第五章 討論與建議 75
第一節 結論 76
第二節 建議 81
第三節 研究限制 82
參考文獻 83
中文文獻 83
英文文獻 87

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