企業社團參與是現今企業鼓勵員工從事的主動式休閒活動，因應社會上多數人工作壓力大，開始藉由休閒活動調適生活，已不僅是個人重視，企業界也越來越重視員工休閒活動的規劃。透過推廣社團活動，讓員工適時的紓解壓力、放鬆身心，將成為提升員工身心健康、工作滿意度、企業形象及競爭優勢之有效作法。因此，本研究以人際觀點及組織觀點，了解企業社團參與在職場心理健康層面的影響情形，探討企業社團參與、工作滿意度、職場友誼、組織支持四個變項之間的關係。

本研究採用問卷調查法，研究對象為台灣大型企業裡參與公司社團活動的在職員工，採取網路問卷方式，合計297份有效問卷。運用結構方程模式之路徑分析法、拔靴法，分別對於企業社團參與程度之次數與時間，進行研究假設驗證。分析結果驗證:企業社團參與次數、參與時間對工作滿意度皆無顯著正向影響；職場友誼在企業社團參與次數、參與時間和工作滿意度間皆具有完全中介效果；組織支持在企業社團參與次數對工作滿意度具完全中介效果，但組織支持在企業社團參與時間對工作滿意度則無中介效果。本研究闡述企業社團參與程度對工作滿意度的影響，以及職場友誼、組織支持的中介效果來填補過去的研究缺口，並依據實證結果，提出理論意涵，以及分別從企業管理及員工立場二方面進行討論，協助企業管理者將社團納入休閒活動之考量，鼓勵員工注重身心健康，藉此供後續相關研究及實務界成立企業社團之參考。

Participating in workplace clubs is an active leisure activity that companies encourage employees to engage in. In response to the high work pressure of most people in the society, they have begun to adjust their lives through leisure activities. Also the enterprise pay more and more attention to plan employees' leisure activities. Through the promotion of club activities, employees can relieve stress and relax, which will become an effective way to improve employees' physical and mental health, job satisfaction, corporate image and competitive advantage. Therefore, this study uses interpersonal and organizational perspectives to understand the impact of workplace mental health, and to explore the relationship between club participation in workplace, job satisfaction, workplace friendship, and organizational support.

This research used the questionnaire survey method, and the research object was the in-service employees who participated in the workplace clubs at large enterprises in Taiwan. Total of 297 valid questionnaires were obtained by online questionnaires. Using the path analysis method and the bootstrap method of the structural equation modeling, the research hypotheses were verified for the frequency and time of the participation of the workplace clubs. The analysis results verify that the frequency and time of workplace clubs participation have no significant positive impact on job satisfaction; workplace friendship has a complete mediating effect between the frequency and time participation of workplace clubs participation on job satisfaction; organizational support has a complete mediation effect on the frequency participation of workplace clubs, and the organizational support has no mediation effect at time participation of workplace clubs on job satisfaction. This study expounds the impact of workplace clubs participation on job satisfaction, as well as the mediating effects of workplace friendship and organizational support to fill the gaps in past research. And based on the empirical results, puts forward theoretical implications, and from two aspects of corporate management and employee standpoints. Conduct discussions to help corporate managers set up workplace clubs, and encourage employees to pay attention to their physical and mental health.

第一章、緒論1
第一節、研究背景與動機1
第二節、研究目的2
第三節、名詞解釋2
第二章、文獻探討4
第一節、企業社團參與4
第二節、工作滿意度12
第三節、職場友誼18
第四節、組織支持24
第五節、企業社團參與與工作滿意度之關係30
第六節、職場友誼對企業社團參與與工作滿意度有中介效果33
第七節、組織支持對企業社團參與與工作滿意度有中介效果35
第三章、研究方法37
第一節、研究架構37
第二節、研究對象與施測程序37
第三節、研究工具38
第四節、資料處理與分析方法41
第四章、研究結果與討論45
第一節、樣本結構45
第二節、量表檢驗48
第三節、描述性統計和相關分析54
第四節、假設驗證55
第五節、結果討論60
第五章、結論與建議62
第一節、研究結論62
第二節、理論意涵62
第三節、實務意涵63
第四節、研究限制與未來研究建議65
參考文獻66
附錄1：專家效度問卷意見彙整表83
附錄2：本研究正式問卷90
附錄3：項目分析結果94

丁一顧、江姮姬、吳宜蓉 (2018) 。校長同儕式領導與教師專業學習社群關係之研究。教育政策論壇，21 (2) ，97-129。
中華徵信所 (2020) 。「台灣地區大型企業排名TOP5000」，https://ctee.com.tw/2020top5000/ranking
王孟軒、張家銘、黃秀卿、楊孟華 (2015) 。軍訓教官組織支持與心理資本對工作滿意度之影響。運動休閒管理學報，12 (2) ，1-4。10.6214/JSRM.1202.001
王學中 (2016) 。大學生運動參與程度對幸福感之調查研究－以明志科技大學為例。通識教育學報，4，27-44。10.6517/MCUT2016.DEC-02
王韻、陳秀足、謝清秀、洪煜程 (2013) 。時尚產業工作者之工作特性、職家衝突對工作滿意度的影響-休閒參與的調節效果。紡織綜合研究期刊，23 (2) ，51-63。 10.6439/TTRJ.201304_23(2).0006
江勝山、陳東韋、林昕翰 (2022) 。不同運動參與程度之越野自行車者對幸福感之差異分析。運動與遊憩研究，16 (3) , 15-24。10.29423/JSRR.202203_16(3).02
李立良 (2010) 。高雄地區職工工作壓力與休閒調適之研究。文化體育學刊，11， 47-63。 10.6634/JPSS-CCU.201012.11.08
李旭梅、林如玉 (2016) 。以資源保存理論，論心理資本、幸福感與組織公民行為之關聯性。人力資源管理學報，16 (1) ，69-89。10.6147/JHRM.2016.1601.04
李旭梅、蔡碧珊 (2016) 。職場友誼與離職意圖關係之研究:以幸福感為中介效果。明新學報, 42 (1) , 125-141。10.29688/MHJ
李旭梅、田曜誠 (2017) 。職場友誼與退卻行為之關係:以幸福感為中介因子。輔仁管理評論, 24 (3) , 41-56。10.29698/FJMR
李淑芳、王秀華、廖昶寧 (2009) 。不同運動參與程度大學生情緒智力之探討。亞洲體康學報，15 (1) ，48-55。
李城忠、楊詠蓁 (2011) 。企業員工休閒活動需求及參與對工作績效影響之研究。休閒產業管理學刊，4 (1) ，40-56。10.6213/JLRIM.2011.4(1)3
李嘉琪、溫景財 (2020) 。金門縣中、小學教師職場友誼、職場幸福感對工作滿意度之影響。國立金門大學學報， 8 (2) , 27-43。10.7056/JNQU
呂珮綺、蘇靖雅、周思芸 (2020) 。社會資本與個人健康之關係：以科技業從業人員之運動社團參與為例，屏東大學體育 ，6，25-40。
余鑑、于俊傑、黃美萍、余采芳 (2011) 。知覺組織支持對知識轉移程度之研究-以師徒功能為中介變項。管理實務與理論研究，5 (3) ，1-18。10.29916/JMPP
余鑑、于俊傑、廖珠美、蔡尚鈞 (2013) 。工作適性、組織正義、職場友誼對適應性績效影響之研究。明新學報，39 (1) ，193-204。10.29688/MHJ
邱子恆 (2012) 。圖書館學與資訊科學大辭典。取自http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1679095/
林志鈞、吳淑女 (2013) 。休閒產業分析與個案探討。臺北:華都。
林志鈞、鍾季真 (2014) 。靜態休閒－書法參與者之人格特質、休閒涉入與心流體驗之關係。觀光旅遊研究學刊，9 (2) ，37-61。10.29689/JTTR
林菲敏、許志賢、黃于庭 (2011) 。國民小學教師休閒運動滿意度之研究。管理實務與理論研究，5 (2) ，29-42。10.29916/JMPP.201106.0003
林嵩棧 (2007) 。推展教師休閒運動之有效策略。學校體育，102，104-108。
林聖峰、張蕙麟 (2011) 。談運動性社團的管理與經營-以高苑科技大學保齡球社為例。長榮運動休閒學刊，5，83-92。10.29632/CRYDSSSK.201106.0009。
吳云湘、林芳儀、黃麗華 (2021) 。某醫學中心離職護理人員職場友誼與職業倦怠相關性探討。若瑟醫護雜誌，15 (1) ，20-30。10.30145/STJHMNJ
吳英偉、陳慧玲 (譯) ， (1996) ，Stokowsi, P. A.著。休閒社會學，臺北:五南。
吳肇展 (2009) 。護理人員知覺組織支持與服務導向組織公民行為關係之研究－以組織承諾為中介變項。經營管理論叢，141–155。10.6872/OMR.200912/SP.0008
洪升呈 (2008) 。龍華科技大學社團學生參與社團態度研究。龍華科技大學學報，26，133-152。
施智婷、廖曜生、鄧鈺霖、張益豐 (2019) 。組織公民行為與工作績效之關係：工作滿意與主管支持的調節效果。勞資關係論叢，21 (1) ，1-19。
徐欽賢 (2010) 。大專生直排輪曲棍球參與者休閒涉入與認真休閒效益關係之研究。休閒事業研究，8 (2) ，68-82。10.29902/JCSTVS
高俊雄、劉照金 (2008) 。運動推廣策略介入對運動參與行為效果之研究。運動休閒管理學報，5 (2) ，32-43。10.6214/JSRM.200812_5(2).0003
翁振益、林若慧 (2006) 。工作－休閒衝突、社會支持與幸福感之關係。觀光研究學報，12 (3) ，183-205。10.6267/JTLS.2006.12(3)1
郭依瑄 (2020) 。流汗但不血汗的科技公司，半數員工都參加運動社團：球場讓溝通更健康！，Cheers雜誌第227期，Cheers快樂工作人雜誌網頁：https://www.cheers.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5096566
郭迦約、鄭曜忠 (2021) 。我國各行業及職業類別之人員工作滿意度與留職意願關係之研究。國立金門大學學報，9 (2) ，97-120。10.7056/JNQU
郭進財、顏秀燕 (2012) 。休閒涉入與工作滿意度之研究—以2011 年行政院體育委員會打造運動島計畫嘉義市為例。海峽兩岸體育研究學報，6，15-29。10.29534/JBSTSPES.201203.0002
郭嘉珍、劉財龍 (2020) 。工作壓力與休閒參與對工作滿意度之影響。大仁學報，54，101-124。10.29707/TJ
許順旺、郭依潔、陳漢軒 (2010) 。國際觀光旅館餐飲部門員工對內部服務品質、工作滿意度與員工忠誠度之相關研究-以組織文化為干擾變項。餐旅暨家政學刊，7 (1) ，25-53。10.6572/JHHE.7(1).2
許順旺、張姮燕、許中駿、韋孝昀 (2016) 。員工知識分享重要嗎?組織支持干擾組織信任、組織公民行為與知識分享關係之研究。人力資源管理學報，16 (3) ，26-59。10.6147/JHRM.2016.1603.02
許順旺、吳紀美、張姮燕、楊雯如、林立婷 (2018) 。以人力資源管理策略觀點探討員工情緒、幸福感、續效與休閒參與調節效果之研究。商略學報，10 (1) , 47-66。10.3966/207321472018031001003
許順旺、張姮燕、嚴雯聖、陳宛伶 (2021) 。探討知覺組織支持對人力資源管理措施與組織績效間調節效果之研究。商略學報，13 (1) ，31-50。10.3966/207321472021031301002
許順旺、嚴雯聖、倪維亞、鍾碧姮、陳宛伶 (2021) 。知覺組織支持對人力資源管理系統、員工知識分享與組織創新干擾效果之研究－以國際觀光旅館為例。商管科技季刊，22 (2) ，221-256。10.30083/CMQ
許麗玉、郭信智、劉靜靜 (2018) 。護理人員職場友誼對工作壓力之影響。領導護理，20 (4) ，31-41。 10.29494/LN.201912_20(4).0003
張良漢、蘇士博 (2000) 。大專院校學生社團經營管理之探討－以運動性社團爲例。大專體育，51，140–147。10.6162/SRR.2010.107.07
張同廟 (2007) 。大學社團幹部組織溝通、工作滿意、組織承諾對工作績效之關聯性探討。崑山科技大學學報，4，167-194。
張同廟 (2018) 。串起您的人生:探討社團參與對職場能力之影響─以南部科技大學畢業校友為例。休閒運動保健學報，14，14-45。10.6204/JRSHP.201802_(14).0002
張同廟 (2020) 。大學生社團參與動機、社會支持對組織認同之影響。屏東大學學報-教育類，4，143-180。
張志銘、謝芷羚、雷朝榮、張世沛 (2022) 。桃園市國中生運動參與程度、自我效能與幸福感之關係研究。管理實務與理論研究，16 (1) ，30-46。10.29916/JMPP.202206_16(1).0003
張秋蘭、林淑真 (2007) 。1,600大企業之福利實施與員工福利需求差異探討。人力資源管理學報，7 (1) ，19-40。10.6147/JHRM.2007.0701.02
張國偉、葉一璋、黃英哲 (2020) 。公務員情緒勞務、知覺組織支持對工作滿意度之影響：以新北市基層戶政人員為例。中華行政學報，26，47-63。10.6712/JCPA.202006_(26).0003
陸洛、蔡貴丞、吳欣蓓 (2009) 工作壓力與休閒活動對工作後果之雙重影響。運動與遊憩研究，4 (2) ，151–165。10.29423/JSRR
陳沄湘、沈湘莉、周茂振 (2020) 。大學生參與社團之動機與參與程度之探討－以科技大學為例。Journal of Data Analysis，15 (4) ，15–47。10.6338/JDA.202008_15(4).0002
陳春安 (2020) 。自行車騎士認真性休閒、休閒效益及幸福感之關係。運動與遊憩研究， 15 (2) ，23-40。
陳瓔瓔、何建德、李城忠 (2018) 。參與企業內部休閒活動與工作滿意度、幸福感關係之研究。運動與健康研究，7 (1) 。10.29505/JEHR
葉麗琴、葉麗珠 (2012) 。自我決定理論在健身運動領域之驗證。大專體育學刊，14 (2) ，188-196。10.5297/ser.1402.006
莊哲仁、張田青、黃柏叡、乃慧芳 (2021) 。高中生對於休閒參與及休閒滿意度相關之研究：以桃園市立龍潭高級中等學校學生為例。休閒事業研究， 19 (3) ，18-32。10.6746/LIR.202109_19(3).0002
畢璐鑾、陳仲杰 (2006) 。從事休閒運動之動機因素。大專體育，83，140-147。
黃易文、湯家偉 (2019) 。國中社會領域初任教師知覺組織支持、教師同僚共享氛圍和自我效能之關係。教育實踐與研究，32 (1) , 33-70。
梁大慶、蔡昀珈 (2020) 。農村社區發展協會組織內部服務志工之參與動機、工作滿意度與忠誠度。國立虎尾科技大學學報，35 (1) ，87-105。
梁朝雲、朱朝煌、林至善、柯志堂 (2018) 。從社團參與種類研析社團負責人之社會企業創業意圖。學生事務與輔導，57 (3) ，19–37。10.6506/SAGC.201812_57(3).0004
勞動部工作生活平衡網頁：https://wlb.mol.gov.tw/Page/Content.aspx?id=59。
彭台光、高月慈、林鉦棽 (2006) 。管理研究中的共同方法變異：問題本質、影響、測試和補救。管理學報，23 (1) ，77-98。10.6504/JOM.2006.23.01.05
曾文鑑、郭碧玄、陳雯玲 (2014) 。新竹縣教師專業發展行政運作、教師實踐與成長介入之模式初探。新竹縣教育研究集刊，14，61-92。
曾建元 (2000) 。大學通識教育理念與學生社團參與。公民訓育學報，9，265-284。
勞動部。勞工福利資訊網 https://wfs.mol.gov.tw/WFWeb/web/about_Welfare.aspx
楊朝行、陳克舟 (2018) 。職場新人排球運動心理需求、工作情緒與運動行為之研究。運動休閒管理學報，15 (3) ，66-80。10.6214/JSRM.201809_15(3).0005
趙仁方、羅癸岐 (2013) 。參與企業內部社團活動對企業員工休閒生活之影響。觀光與休閒管理期刊，1 (1) ，56-76。
蔡泓育、方沴淳 (2019) 。每日下上班正負向心情的關係：放鬆與心理抽離的中介效果及盡責性與情緒穩定性的調節效果。人力資源管理學報，19 (2) ，1–27。10.6147/JHRM.201912_19(2).0001
蔣佳樺、李城忠 (2017) 。職場友誼對關係品質、工作滿意度影響之研究-以企業附屬運動社團為例。管理資訊計算，6 (2) ，58-66。
蔡雅竹、李忠成 (2019) 。餐飲業員工知覺組織支持、組織承諾、工作滿意度對環保組織公民行為影響之研究-以臺中市為例。遠東學報，36 (1) ，21-33。
蔡錫濤、林燦螢、鄭瀛川、王美玲 (2018) 。人力資源管理：理論與實務。臺北市： 雙葉書廊。
劉彥碩、楊孟華 (2019) 。員工的休閒涉入對工作滿意度與工作表現之研究－休閒效益為中介變項。成大體育學刊，51 (1) ，17-38。10.6406/JNCKUPER.201904_51(1).0002
劉惠琴 (1994) 。臺北地區大學生參與課外活動對通識教育相關之研究。國科會八十三 年度科學教育專題研究計畫 (NAC8209364-5200) 。臺北市:國家科學委員會。
劉憲明、賴威任、牟國珍 (2021) 。知覺組織支持對軍職人員就業力及求職自我效能影響之研究。國防管理學報，42 (1) ，57-78。10.29496/JNDM
鄭詠展 (2021) 。馬拉松賽會吸引力對參與者認真休閒與行為意向影響研究。休閒觀光與運動健康學報，11 (1) ，50–64。 10.29504/JLTSH
謝紫菱 (2019) 。組織支持、有效專業發展活動、專業發展正向影響與教師工作滿意度關係之研究。清華教育學報，36 (2) ，91-122。10.6869/THJER.201912_36(2).0003
羅家德、朱慶忠 (2004) 。人際網絡結構因素對工作滿足之影響。中山管理評論，12 (4) ，795-823。
譚得祥、張倫鈞、陳棟樑 (2021) 。自我導向學習、工作壓力與工作滿意度之研究。管理資訊計算，10 (1) ，117-128。10.6285/MIC.202107/SP_01_10.0011
Aaron L. Miller (2013) . For Basketball Court and Company Cubicle: New Expectations for University Athletes and Corporate Employees in Japan. Japanese Studies, 33 (1) , 63-81. 10.1080/10371397.2013.785627
Adelakun, J. A., Orunaboka, T. T., Deemua, G. A., (2021) . Socio-demographic and administrative predictors of job satisfaction among sports council administrators in southern Nigeria. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 7 (1) , 121-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v7i1.3786
Amabile, T.M., (1997) . Motivating Creativity in Organizations: On Doing What You Love and Loving What You Do. California Management Review, 40 (1) , 39-58. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165921
Amati, V., Meggiolaro, S., Rivellini, G., & Zaccarin, S. (2018). Social relations and life- satisfaction:The role of friends. Genus, 74(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-018-0032-z
Amlani, N. M., & Munir, F. (2014) Does physical activity have an impact on sickness absence? A review. Sports Medicine, 44 (8) , 887-907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0171-0
Andrew Brinkley (2017) . What benefits does team sport hold for the workplace? A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences , 35 (2) . https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1158852
Arlinghaus, A., Lombardi, D. A., Courtney , T. K., Christiani , D. C., Folkard, S., Perry, M. J. (2012) . The effect of rest breaks on time to injury-a study on work-related ladder-fall injuries in the United States. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 38 (6) , 560-567. 10.5271/sjweh.3292
Arne L. Kalleberg (1977) . Work Values and Job Rewards: A Theory of Job Satisfaction, American Sociological Association, 42 (1) , 124-143.
Aselage, J., and Eisenberger, R. (2003) . Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: A theoretical integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24 (5) , 491-509. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.211
A. Smith (2002) . Cars, Cricket, and Alf Smith: The Place of Works-based Sports and Social Clubs in the Life of Mid-Twentieth-Century Coventry. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 19 (1) , 137-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/714001702
Aziri, B. (2011) . Job satisfaction: a literature review. Management research and practice, 3 (4) , 77-86.
Azizi Yahaya, Ismail Maakip, Peter Voo, Sharon Kwan Sam Mee, Balan Rathakrishnan, Sonny Anak Jumpo (2021) . An Exploratory Study on Predictors Associated with Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Malaysian Sports Schools. Hong Kong Journal of Social Sciences, 57, 291-299.
Bachtiar, D. Sudibjo, N, & Bernarto, I. (2018) . The effects of transformational leadership, perceived organizational support on job and life satisfaction of preschool teachers. Information, 21 (4) , 1301-1320.
Barr, J.J.(2016). Developing a positive classroom climate. IDEA Paper, 61. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED573643.
Bassett-Jones, N. (2005) . The paradox of diversity management, creativity and innovation. Journal of Creativity and Innovation Management, 14 (2) , 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.00337.x
Becker, J., R. Ayman, & K. Korabik (2002) . Discrepancies in self/subordinates' perceptions of leadership behavior: Leader's gender, organizational context, and leader's self-monitoring. Group & Organization Management, 27 (2) , 226-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/10501102027002004
Bennie J, Salmon J & Crawford D (2010) . How do workplace environments influence physical activity? A qualitative study of employee's perceptions of influences on physical activity within the workplace. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12. 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.195
Berger, B. G., & McIuman, A. (1993) . Exercise and the quality of life. In R.N. Singer.Handbook of research on sport psychology, 729-760.
Berman, E. M., West, J. P., & Richter, M. N. (2002) . Workplace relations: Friendship patterns and consequences (according to managers) . Public Administration Review, 62 (2) , 217-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00172
Bhanthumnavin, D. 2003. Perceived social support from supervisor and group members’ psychological and situational characteristics as predictors of subordinate performance in thai work units. Human Resource Development Quareterly, 14 (1) , 79-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1051
Binnewies, C., Sonnentag, S., & Mojza, E. J. (2009) . Daily performance at work: Feeling recovered in the morning as a predictor of day‐level job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 67-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.541
Black, C., & Frost, D. (2011) . Health at work – An independent review of sickness absence. The Department for Work and Pensions: UK Government.
Bowen, C. C., Swim, J. K., & Jacobs, R. R. (2000) . Evaluating gender biases on actual job performance of real people: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 2194-2215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02432.x
Bowler, D. E., Buyung-Ali, L. M., Knight, T. M., & Pullin, A. S. (2010) . A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments. BMC Public Health, 10 (456) , 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-456
Bramante, Carolyn T., King, Maggie M., Story, Mary., Whitt-Glover, Melicia C.,  Barr-Anderson, Daheia J. (2018) . Worksite Physical Activity Breaks: Perspectives on Feasibility of Implementation. Human Systems Management. 59 (4) , 491-499. 10.3233/WOR-182704
Brew JM (1943) . In the Service of Youth. London: Faber and Faber.
Brown, D. K., Barton, J. L., Pretty, J., & Gladwell, V. F. (2014) . Walks4work: Assessing the role of the natural environment in a workplace physical activity intervention. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environment Health, 40 (4) , 390-399. 10.5271/sjweh.3421
Bryan, H. (1977) . Leisure value systems and recreational specialization: The case of trout fishermen. Journal of Leisure Research, 9 (3) , 174-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1977.11970328
Byrne, D. (1971) . The attraction paradigm. New York: Academic Press.
Buchanan, B. (1974) . Building organizational commitment: The socialization of managers in work organizaizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19 (4) : 533-546
Buchanan, J. (2012) . Telling tales out of school: Exploring why former teachers are not returning to the classroom. American Journal of Education, 56 (2) , 205-220. https://doi.org/10.1177/000494411205600207
Campbell, F. (2003) . A two-way partnership. Pottery in Australia, 42 (3) , 80-81.
Campion, M. A., Medsker, G. J., & Higgs, A. C. (1993) . Relations between work group characteristics and effectiveness: Implications for designing effective work groups. Personnel psychology, 46 (4) , 823-847. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb01571.x
Carter, A., Bishop, D., Middleton, G., & Evans, A. (2014) . An evaluation of Lincolnshire Sports’ ‘Workplace Challenge’ physical activity programme. University of Lincoln.
Chang, C.-M.; Liu, L.-W.; Huang, H.-C.; Hsieh, H.-H. (2019) . The Influence of Workplace Incivility on Employees’ Emotional Exhaustion in Recreational Sport/Fitness Clubs: A Cross-Level Analysis of the Links between Psychological Capital and Perceived Service Climate. Healthcare, 7, 159.  https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7040159
Coetzee, M., Ferreira, N., & Potgieter, I., (2019) . Perceptions of sacrifice, workplace friendship and career concerns as explanatory mechanisms of employees’ organisational commitment. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 17 (1) . https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-1471d58186
Coetzee, Ferreira, Potgieter (2019) : The role of career concerns and workplace friendship in the job embeddedness–retention practices satisfaction link. Journal of Industrial Psychology, 11 (1) , 1-9. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-ee9714023
Coffeng, J. K., van Sluijs, E. M., Hendriksen, I. J. M., van Mechelen, W., & Boot, C. R. L. (2015) . Physical Activity and Relaxation During and After Work are Independently Associated With Need for Recovery. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 12 (1) , 109-115. 10.1123/jpah.2012-0452
Cohen, J. (1988) . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral science. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
Collquit, J. A., LePine, J. A.,& Wesson, M. J. (2015) .Organizational behavior,New York:McGraw-Hill.
Coolie, R.J., Shapka, J.D., & Perry, N.E. (2012) . School climate and social-emotional learning: Predicting teacher stress, job satisfaction, and efficacy. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104, 1189-1204. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029356
Cooney, M. (2012) . Inside Google at work and play. Network World. http://www.networkworld.com/slideshow/27019
Cooper, D. L., Healy, M. A., & Simpson, J. (1994) . Student development through involvement: Specific changes over time. Journal of College Student Development, 35, 98–102.
Cote, J. A., & Buckley, M. R. (1988) . Measurement error and theory testing in consumer research: An illustration of the importance of construct validation. Journal of consumer research, 14, 579-582. https://doi.org/10.1086/209137
Crabtree, S. (2004) . Getting personal in the workplace: Are negative relationships squelching productivity in your company? Gallup Management Journal, June, 1-4.
Czekanski W. Andrew, & Lower Leeann. (2018) . Collegiate sport club structure and function. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health. 11 (2) . 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2018.1433711
Ding Ding, Kenny D Lawson, Tracy L Kolbe-Alexander, Eric A Finkelstein, Peter T Katzmarzyk, Willem van Mechelen, Michael Pratt (2016) . The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases. The Lancet, 388 (10051) , 1311–1324. 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30383-X
Dotan, H. (2009) . Workplace friendships: Origins and consequences for managerial effectiveness. Academy of Management Proceedings, 86, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2009.44244633
Eichberg, H. (2009) . Organizing sports around the workplace – some experiences from Scandinavian company sport. Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research, 46 (1) , 130-136. 10.2478/v10141-009-0011-3
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986) . Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71 (3) , 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
Eisenberger, R., Cummings, J., Armeli, S., & Lynch, P. (1997) . Perceived organizational support, discretionary treatment, and job satisfaction. Journal of applied psychology, 82 (5) , 812-820. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.5.812
Farh, J. L., Hackett, R. D., & Liang, J. (2007) . Individual-level cultural values as moderators of perceived organizational support-employee outcome relationship in China: Comparing the effects of power distance and traditionality. Academy of Management Journal, 50 (3) , 715-729. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.25530866
Farkhondeh Forouzan, Hadi Teimouri & Ali Safari (2020) . Leisure time management in the workplace: Providing a model. Human Systems Management, 39 (3) , 399–412. 10.3233/HSM-200883
Fisher, C. D. (1985) . Social support and adjustment to work: A longitudinal study. Journal of management, 11 (3) , 39-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638501100304
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) . Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18 (1) , 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Foster, K. (2013) . Generation and discourse in working life stories. The British Journal of Sociology, 64 (2) , 195–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12014
Foubert, J. D.,& Grainger, L. U. (2006) . Effects of Involvement in Clubs and Organizations on the Psychosocial Development of First-Year and Senior College Students. NASPA Journal, 43, 166–182. https://doi.org/10.2202/1949-6605.1576
Fritz, J. H. 1997) . Men's and women's organizational peer relationships: A comparison janie harden fritz. Journal of Business Communication, 34 (1) , 27-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/002194369703400102
Fritz, C., Sonnentag, S., Spector, P. E., & McInroe, J. A. (2010) . The weekend matters: Relationships between stress recovery and affective experiences. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31 (8) , 1137-1162. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.672
Garavandi, A.H., Damir, H., & Kar, R. Z. (2015) .Study the simple and multiple relationship between social support, job motivation and job satisfaction among high school female teachers in Baghmalek city. Visi Journal Akademik, 8, 64-67.
Garden, A. M. (1990) . Career orientations of software developers in a sample of high tech companies. R&D Management, 20 (4) , 337-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00723.x
George, J. M., Reed, T. F., Ballard, K. A., Colin, J., & Fielding, J. (1993) . Contact with AIDS patients as a source of work-related distress: Effects of organizational and social support. Academy of management journal, 36 (1) , 157-171. https://doi.org/10.5465/256516
George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2007) . Dual tuning in a supportive context: Joint contributions of positive mood, negative mood, and supervisory behaviors to employee creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 605-622. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.25525934
Ghuselli, R. F., Lopa, J. M., & Bai, B. (2001) . Job satisfaction life satisfaction and turnover intent, among food-service managers. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 42 (2) , 28-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010880401422002
Gloria O., (2020) . Self-esteem and job satisfaction among librarians in university libraries in Southern Nigeria. Library and Information Perspectives and Research, 2 (2) , 1-12. https://doi.org/10.47524/lipr.v2i2.3
Griffitt, W. (1969) . Attitude evoked anticipatory responses and attraction. Psychonomic Science, 14, 153-155. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03332760
Guzzo, R. A., Noonan, K. A., & Elron, E. (1994) . Expatriate managers and the psychological contract. Journal of applied paychology, 79 (4) , 617-626. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.617
Hays, R. B. (1988) . Friendship. In S. Duck, D. F. Hay, S. E. Hobfoll, W. Ickes, & B. M. Montgomery (Eds.) , Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research and interventions (391–408) . John Wiley & Sons.
Hackman, J. R., & E. E. Lawler (1971) . Employee reactions to job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 5 (5) , 256-286. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031152
Hays, R. B. (1985) . A longitudinal study of friendship development. Journal of personality and social psychology, 48 (4) , 909-924. 10.1037//0022-3514.48.4.909
Henning Eichberg (2009) . Organizing sports around the workplace- Some experiences from Scandinavian company sport. Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research, 46(1), 130-136. 10.2478/v10141-009-0011-3
Herzberg, F. I. (1996) . Work and the Nature of Man, Oxford, England: World Publishing Company.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989) . Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44 (3) , 513. 10.1037//0003-066x.44.3.513.
Hobfoll, S. E. (2001) . The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process:Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50, 337-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062
Hobfoll, S. E. (2002) . Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 6, 307-324. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.6.4.307
Hogan, C. L., Catalino, L. I., Mata, J., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2015) . Beyond emotional benefits: Physical activity and sedentary behaviour affect psychosocial resources through emotions. Psychology & Health, 30, 354–369. 10.1080/08870446.2014.973410
Hoppock, R. (1935) . Job satisfaction. Oxford, England: Harper.
House, J. S. (1981) . Work stress and social support. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley.
Hsieh HF, Hung YT, Wang HH, Ma SC, Chang SC (2016) . Factors of resilience in emergency department nurses who have experienced workplace violence in Taiwan. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 48 (1) , 23-30. 10.1111/jnu.12177
Huang, Y.,& Chang, S (2004) . Academic and co-curricular involvement: Their relationship and the best combinations for student growth. Journal og College Student Development, 45 (4) , 391-406. 10.1353/csd.2004.0049
Hutchison, S. 1997. Perceived organizational support: Further evidence of construct validity. Educational and Psychology Measurement, 57 (6) , 1025-1034. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164497057006011
Innocentius Bernarto, Diana Bachtiar, Niko Sudibjo, Ian Nurpatria Suryawan, Agus Purwanto, Masduki Asbari (2020) . Effect of Transformational Leadership, Perceived Organizational Support , Job Satisfaction Toward Life Satisfaction: Evidences from Indonesian Teachers. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29 (3) , 5495-5503.
Jaana I. Halonen, Sari Stenholm, Mika Kivimäki, Jaana Pentti, S.V. Subramanian, Ichiro Kawachi, Jussi Vahtera (2015) . Is change in availability of sports facilities associated with change in physical activity? A prospective cohort study. Preventive Medicine, 73, 10–14. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.01.012
Janurek, J., Abdel Hadi, S., Mojzisch, A., & Häusser, J. A. (2018) . The association of the 24 hour distribution of time spent in physical activity, work, and sleep with emotional exhaustion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 19-27. 10.3390/ijerph15091927
Jehn, K. A., & P. P. Shah (1997) . Interpersonal relationships and task performance: An examination of mediating processes in friendship and acquaintance groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 775-790. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.775
Jenny Veitch, Ornella Clavisi ＆ Neville Owen (1999) . Physical activity initiatives for male factory workers: gatekeepers' perceptions of potential motivators and barriers. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 23 (5) , 505–510. 10.1111/j.1467-842x.1999.tb01307.x
Jo-Hui Lin, Jehn-Yih Wong, Ching-hua Ho (2013) . Promoting frontline employees’ quality of life: Leisure benefit systems and work-to-leisure conflicts. Tourism Management, 36, 178-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.12.009
Joubert, Y. T., & De Beer, J. J. (2011) . Benefits of team sport for organisations. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 33 (3) , 59-72.
Joubert, Y. T. (2014) . Sports contribution to open communication in a workplace: a qualitative study. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 24 (2) , 203-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2014.903072
JoyTitiAgada.&IsaacZeb-Obipi (2018) .Workplace social infrastructure and employee commitment: A literature review. International Journal of Human Resources Management (IJHRM), 1-12.
Karatepe, O. M., & Kilic, H. 2007) . Relationships of supervisor support and conflicts in the work-family interface with the selected job outcomes of frontline employees. Tourism Management, 28 (1) , 238-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.12.019
Kasbuntoro, Dasih, I., Sari, M., Imam, M., Mochammad, F., & Ryani, D. P. (2020) . Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction: A Case Study of Employees on Banking Companies in Jakarta. International Journal of Control and Automation, 13 (4) , 439 – 451.
Kim, S. D., Hollensbe, E. C., Schwoerer, C. E., & Halbesleben, J. R. B. (2015) . Dynamics of a wellness program: A conservation of resources perspective. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20, 62-71. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037675
Kiopa Agrita (2013) . The Prevalence and Productivity Effects of Close Friendship in Academic Science. Georgia Institute of Technology
Kirby, E. L. & Krone, K. J. (2002) . “The policy exists but you can’t really use it”: Communication and the structuration of work-family policies. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30, 50-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909880216577
K. P. Malith Priyasad and T. D. Weerasinghe (2017) . The Nexus between Informal Relationships at Work and Employee Retention: A Review. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 12, 1. 10.4038/kjhrm.v12i1.41
Kram, K. E., & Isabella, L. A. (1985) . Mentoring alternatives: The roloe of peer relationships in career development. Academy of Management Journal, 28 (1) , 110-132. 10.2307/256064
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A. and Adis, C. S. (2017) . Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of Management, 43 (6) , 1854-1884. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315575554
Leonor S. Tavares＆Ronald C. Plotnikoff (2008) . Not enough time? Individual and environmental implications for workplace physical activity programming among women with and without young children. Health Care for Women International, 29 (3) , 244-281. 10.1080/07399330701880911
Levinson, H., Reciprocation: The relationship between man and organization. Administrative science quarterly, 9 (4) , 1965, 370-390.
Li, S., (2019) . Perceived organizational support: A literature review. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9 (3) , 155-175. 155-175.10.5296/ijhrs.v9i3.15102
Locke, E. A. (1976) . The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 1297-1394. D.Dunnette (Ed.) . NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Luke Pittaway, Elena Rodriguez-Falcon, Olaojo Aiyegbayo, Amanda King (2011) . The role of entrepreneurship clubs and societies in entrepreneurial learning. International Small Business Journal, 29 (1) , 37-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610369876
Lu, P., Oh. J., Leahy, K.E., & Chopik, W.J. (2021) . Friendship importance around the world: Links to cultural factors, health, and well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570839
Lyons, J. L., Lapin, K., & Young, B. (2003) . A study of job satisfaction of nursing and allied health graduates from a mid-atlantics university. Journal of Allied Health, 32 (1) , 10-17.
Macey, W. H. and B. Schneider (2008) . The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1 (1) , 3-30.
Malik, S. H., Blake, H., & Suggs, L. S. (2014) . A systematic review of workplace health promotion interventions for increasing physical activity. British Journal of Health Psychology, 19 (1) , 149-180. 149-180. 10.1111/bjhp.12052
Mao, H. Y., Chen, C.Y & Hsieh, T. H (2009) . The relationship between bureaucracy and workplace friendship. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 37 (2) , 255-266. 255-266.10.2224/sbp.2009.37.2.255
Markiewicz, D. Devine, I. & Kausilas, D. (2000) . Friendships of women and men at work: Job satisfaction and resource implications. Journal of managerial Psychology, 15 (2) , 161-184. 161-184.10.1108/02683940010310346
Martins, H., & Proenca, T. (2012) . Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire – psychometric properties and validation in a population of Portuguese hospital workers. FEP Journal–Economics & Management, 471. 10.26537/iirh.v0i3.1825
Maslow, A. H. (1943) , A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50 (4) , 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
Maslow, A. (1987) . Motivation and personality, (2nded) . New York: Harper & Row.
Mat D. Duerden, Stephen H. Courtright & Mark A. Widmer (2018) . Why People Play at Work: A Theoretical Examination of Leisure-at-Work. Leisure Sciences, 40 (6) , 634-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2017.1327829
McIntyre, N., & Pigram, J. J. (1992) . Recreation specialization reexamined: The case of vehicle-based campers. Leisure Sciences, 14 (1) , 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409209513153
McMillan, R. (1997) . Customer satisfaction and organizational support for service providers. https://idm.nthu.ust.edu.tw/sso/886UST_NTHU/saml2/login/
McEachan, R.R, Rebecca J Lawton, Cath Jackson, Mark Conner & Jennifer Lunt (2008) . Evidence, theory and context: using intervention mapping to develop a worksite physical activity intervention. BMC Public Health, 8, 326. 10.1186/1471-2458-8-326
McIntyre, N., & Pigram, J. J. (1992) . Recreation specialization reexamined: The case of vehicle‐based campers. Leisure Sciences, 14 (1) , 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409209513153
McMillan, R. C. (1977) . Customer satisfaction and organizational support for service providers: University of Florida. https://idm.nthu.ust.edu.tw/sso/886UST_NTHU/saml2/login/
ME Batt (2009) . Physical activity interventions in the workplace: The rationale and future direction for workplace wellness. British journal of sports medicine. 43 (1) , 47–48. 10.1136/bjsm.2008.053488
Miranda Brookins . Clubs in the Workplace, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/clubs-workplace-12114.html
Misener, T. R., Haddock, K. S., Gleaton, J. U. & Ajamieh, A. R. A. (1966) . Toward an international measure of job satisfaction. Nursing Research, 45 (2) , 87-91. 10.1097/00006199-199603000-00006
Mitchell, J. I., Gagne, M., Beaudry, A., & Dyer, L. (2012) . The role of perceived organizational support, distributive justice and motivation in reactions to new information technology. Computers in Human Behavior, 28 (2) , 729-738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.021
Morrison, R. (2004) . Informal relationship in the workplace: associa-tions with job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intentions. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 33 (3) . 114-128.
Morrison, R. L. (2008) . Negative relationships in the workplace: Associations with organizational commitment, cohesion, job satisfaction and intention to turnover. Journal of Management & Organization, 14, 330-344. 10.5172/jmo.837.14.4.330
Mosadeghrad, A. M., Ferlie, E., & Rosenberg, D. (2011) . A study of relationship between job stress, quality of working life and turnover intention among hospital employees. Health Services Management Research, 24 (4) , 170-181. 10.1258/hsmr.2011.011009
Namasivayam, K., & Mount, D. J. (2004) . The relationship of work-family conflicts and family-work conflict to job satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 28, 242-250. 10.1177/1096348004264084
Neveu, J. P. (2007) . Jailed resources: Conservation of resources theory as applied to burnout among prison guards. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28, 21-42. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.393
Newman, D. B., Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2014) . Leisure and subjective well-being: A model of psychological mechanisms as mediating factors. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15 (3) , 555-578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9435-x
Nicolaas P.Pronk & Thomas E.Kottke (2009) . Physical activity promotion as a strategic corporate priority to improve worker health and business performance. Preventive Medicine, 49 (4) , 316–321. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.025
Nielsen, I. K., Jex, S. M., & Adams, G. A. (2000) . Development and validation of scores on a two-dimensional workplace friendship scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60 (4) , 628-643. 10.1177/00131640021970655
Nieman, H. & Bennett, I. (2002) . I scratch your back - you scratch mine. Do procedural justice and orgnaizational identification matter for employees' cooperation during change? Journal of Change Management, 10 (1) , 41-59.
Nika Saputra (2020) . The Effect Of Organizational Support On Work Satisfaction In Regional Secretariat Employees In Pariaman District. Ensiklopedia Social Review, 2, 69–76. 10.33559/esr.v2i1.443.
Ostroff, C. (1992) . The relationship between satisfaction, attitudes, and performances: An organizational level analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77 (6) , 963-974. 10.1037/0021-9010.77.6.963
Ozguner, Z. and Ozguner, M. (2014) , A Managerial Point of View on the Relationship between Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg’s Dual Factor Theory. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5 (7) , 207–215.
Panaccio, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2009) . Perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of vocational behavior, 75 (2) , 224-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.06.002
PC Smith, LM Kendall, CL Hulin (1969) . Job Satisfaction in Work and Retirement: A Strategy for the Study of Attitudes, Rand McNally.
Phillips, P., & Fairley, S. (2014) . Umpiring: A serious leisure choice. Journal of Leisure Research, 46, 184–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2014.11950319
Pillemer, J., and Rothbard, N. P. (2018) . Friends Without Benefits: Understanding the Dark Sides of Workplace Friendship. Academy of Management Review, 43 (4) , 1-26. 10.5465/amr.2016.0309
Puig-Ribera, A., Martínez-Lemos, I., Giné-Garriga, M., González-Suárez, Á. M., Bort-Roig, J., Fortuño, J., Muñoz-Ortiz, L., McKenna, J., & Gilson, N. D. (2015) . Self-reported sitting time and physical activity: interactive associations with mental well-being and productivity in office employees. BMC Public Health, 15 (1) , 72. 10.1186/s12889-015-1447-5
Rawlins, W. K. (1992) . Friendship matters: Communication, dialectics, and the life course. Aldine de Gruyter. New York:
Rai, A. and Agarwal, U.A. (2018) . Workplace bullying and employee silence: A moderated mediation model of psychological contract violation and workplace friendship. Personnel Review, 47 (1) , 226-256. 10.1108/PR-03-2017-0071
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001) . Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 825-836. 10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.825
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002) . Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (4) , 698-714.
 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
Riordan, C. M. & Griffeth, R. W. (1995). The opportunity for friendship in the workplace: An underexplored construct. Journal of business and psychology, 10 (2) , 141-154.
Robbins, S. P. (2003) . Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Rumens, N. (2016) . Researching workplace friendships: Drawing insights from the sociology of friendship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationship, 31, 460-466. 10.1177/0265407516670276
Rumens, N. (2018) . Age and changing masculinities in gay–straight male workplace friendships. Journal of Gender Studies, 27 (3) , 260-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2017.1391074
Perrone, K. M., Webb, L. K., & Jackson, Z. V. (2007) . Relationships between parental attachment, work and family roles, and life satisfaction. The Career Development Quarterly, 55, 237-248. 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2007.tb00080.x
Pichot, L., Pierre, J., & Burlot, F. (2009) Management practices in companies through sport. Management Decision, 47 (1) , 137-150. 10.1108/00251740910929759
Porter, L. W. and Lawler, E. E. (1968) . What job attitudes can tell us about employee motivation. Harvard Business Review, 6 (1) ,118-126.
Rama-Maceiras, P., Parente, S., & Kranke, P. (2012) . Job satisfaction, stress and burnout in anesthesia: relevant topics for anesthesiologists and healthcare managers?. European Journal Anesthesiology, 29 (7) , 311-319. 10.1097/EJA.0b013e328352816d
Rezaee, A., Khoshsima, H., Zare- Behtash, E., & Sarani, A. (2020) . English teachers’ job satisfaction: Assessing contributions of the Iranian school organizational climate in a mixed- methods study. Cogent Education, 7 (1) , 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2019.1613007
Robert R. Hirschfeld. (2000) . Does Revising the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Subscales of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form Make a Difference?. SAGE journals, 60 (2) , 255-270. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131640021970493
Ross, J. A. (1997) . Human resources-does friendship improve job performance. Harvard Business Review, 75 (2) , 8-9.
Rousseau, D. M., & McLean Parks, J. (1993) . The contracts of individauls and organizations. Research in organizational behavior, 15, 1-43.
Ryan, R.M.,&Deci, E. L. (2002) . Overview of self-determination theory. In R. M. Ryan & E. L. Deci (Eds.) , Handbook of Self-Determination Research, 4-33. Rochester: The University of Rochester Press.
Schermuly, C. C. & Meyer, B. (2016) . Good relationships at work: The effects of Leader– Member Exchange and Team–Member Exchange on psychological empowerment, emotional exhaustion, and depression. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37, 673–691. 10.1002/job.2060
Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Grant, J. M. (2001) . What do proactive people do? A longitudinal model linking proactive personality and career success. Personnel Psychology, 54, 845-874. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2001.tb00234.x
Serranheira, F., Sousa-Uva, M., Heranz, F., Kovacs, F. & Sousa-Uva, A. (2020) . Low Back Pain (LBP) , Work and Absenteeism. Human Systems Management. 65 (2) , 463-469. 10.3233/WOR-203073
Shin SY, Lee SG (2016) . Effects of Hospital Workers’ Friendship Networks on Job Stress. PLOS ONE, 11 (2) . 10.1371/journal.pone.0149428
Sianoja, M., Syrek, C. J., de Bloom, J., Korpela, K., & Kinnunen, U. (2018) . Enhancing daily well-being at work through lunchtime park walks and relaxation exercises: Recovery experiences as mediators. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23 (3) , 428–442. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000330
Sias, P. M., & Cahill, D. J. (1998) . From coworkers to friends: The development of peer friendships in the workplace. Western Journal of Communication (includes Communication Reports) , 62 (3) , 273-299. 10.1080/10570319809374611
Sias, P. M. Smith, G. and Avdeyeva, T. (2003) . Sex and sex-composition differences and similarities in peer workplace friendship development. Communication Studies, 54 (3) , 332-340. 10.1080/10510970309363289
Sias, P. M. (2005) . Workplace relationship quality and employee information exper iences. Communication Studies, 56 (4) , 375-395. 10.1080/10510970500319450
Smith, K., Gregory, S. R., & Cannon, D. (1996) . Becoming an employer of choice: Assessing commitment in the hospitality workplace. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 8 (6) , 3-9. 10.1108/09596119610129795
Snir, R., & Harpaz, I. (2002) . Work-leisure relations: leisure orientation and the meaning of work. Journal of Leisure Research, 34, 178-203. 10.1080/00222216.2002.11949968
Somvir, R. & Kaushik, S. (2012) . Job satisfaction among library professionals in Haryana State. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2 (5) .
Song, S. H. (2006) . Workplace friendship and employees’ productivity: LMX theory and the case of the Seoul City Government. International Review of Public Administration, 11 (1) , 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2006.10805077
Sonnentag, S., & Bayer, U.-V. (2005) . Switching off mentally: Predictors and consequences of psychological detachment from work during off-job time. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 393-414. 10.1037/1076-8998.10.4.393
Sonnentag, S., & Zijlstra, F. R. (2006) . Job characteristics and off-job activities as predictors of need for recovery, well-being, and fatigue. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91 (2) , 330–350. 10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.330
Sonnentag, S., & Fritz, C. (2007) . The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: Development and validation of a measure assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12, 204-221.
Sonnentag, S., Binnewies, C., & Mojza, E. J. (2008) . Did you have a nice evening?” A day-level study on recovery experiences, sleep, and affect. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 674-684. 10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.674
Spinelli, M., & Canavos, G. (2000) . Investigating the relationship between employee satisfaction and guest satisfaction. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 41, 29-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-8804(00)89019-9
Stebbins, R. A. (1992) . Amateurs, professionals, and serious leisure. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University.
Tabarsa GA, Tehrani M, Lotfi N, Ahadian M, Baniasadi A, Tabarsa E. (2013) . Leisure time management: A new approach toward employee’s loyalty. Journal of Management and Strategy, 4 (3) , 65-80. 10.5430/jms.v4n3p65
Tasselli, S., and Kilduff, M., (2018) . When Brokerage Between Friendship Cliques Endangers Trust: A Personality–Network Fit Perspective, Academy of Management Journal, 61 (3) .
The Daily Muse Editor. (2014) . 13 companies that play as hard as they work. The Muse. Retrieved from https://www.themuse.com/advice/13-companies-that-play-as-hard-as-they-work.
Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., & Fox, K. R. (2005) . Physical activity and mental well-being typologies in corporate employees: A mixed methods approach. Work & Stress. 19 (1) , 50-67. 10.1080/02678370500084409
Tremblay, M., Sire, B., & Balkin, D. B. (2000) . The role of organizational justice in pay and employee benefit satisfaction, and its effects on work attitudes. Group and Organization Management, 25, 269-290. 10.1177/1059601100253004
Trougakos, J. P., Hideg, I., Cheng, B. H., & Beal, D. J. (2014) . Lunch breaks unpacked: The role of autonomy as a moderator of recovery during lunch. Academy of Management Journal, 57 (2) , 405-421. 10.5465/amj.2011.1072
Tynan Barton (2013) . The motivational impact of sports and social clubs. https://employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/motivation-and-recognition-supplement-2013/the-motivational-impact-of-sports-and-social-clubs/.
Verduin, J. R., & McEwen, D. N. (1984) . Adults and their Leisure: The Need for Lifelong Learning. Springfield: C. C. Thomas. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1984.11969608
Vroom, V. H. (1962) . Ego-involvement, job satisfaction and job performance. Personnel Psychology, 15 (2) , 159-177.
Waldman, D. A., & Avolio, B. J. (1986) . A meta-analysis of age differences in job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 33-38. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.1.33
Wanye,S.J., Shore,L.M., & Liden,R.C., (1997) . Perceptions of Organizational Support and Leader – Member Exchange: A Social Exchange Perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40 (1) , 82-111. https://doi.org/10.5465/257021
Warner, S., M. A. Dixon, and L. Chalip (2012) . The Impact of Formal versus Informal Sport: Mapping the Differences in Sense of Community. Journal of Community Psychology, 40 (8) , 983-1003. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21506
Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., Bommer, W. H., &Tetrick, L. E. (2002) . The role of fair treatment and rewards in perceptions of organizational support and leader-member exchange. Journal of applied psychology, 87 (3) , 590-598. 10.1037//0021-9010.87.3.590
Weiss, D. J. , Dawis, R. V. , England, G. W. , & Lofquist, L. H. (1967) . Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Industrial Relations Center.
Wenquan Zheng, Xiaonuo Guo (2010) . Organizational support, job satisfaction and job performance ---Finance Research. An Empirical Study of University Teachers, 125-129. 10.1108/MD-07-2013-0379
Wigfield, A., Cambria, J., & Eccles, J. S. (2012) . Motivation in education. In R. M. Ryan (Ed.) . Oxford Library of Psychology. The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation, 463-478.
Williams, L. J., & Brown, B. K. (1994) . Method variance in organizational behavior and human resources research: Effects on Ccorrelations, path coefficients, and hypothesis testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 57, 185-209. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1994.1011
Winstead, B. A., Derlega, V. J., Montgomery, M. J., & Pilking, C. (1995) . The quality of friendship at work and job satisfaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationship, 12 (2) , 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407595122003
Wisdom, SC. (2012) . Work and Leisure in an Organizational Perspective. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Oman Chapter) , 1 (9) , 100-110. 10.1080/00222216.2020.1762518
Wright, B. E. and Davis, B. S. (2003) . Job Satisfaction in the Public Sector: The Role of the Work Environment. American Review of Public Administration, 33 (1) , 70-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074002250254
Yoo, J.E., & Rho, M. (2020) . Exploration of predictors for Korean teacher job satisfaction via a machine learning technique, Group Mnet. Frontier in Psychology, 11, 441. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00441