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作者(中文):洪國智
作者(外文):Hung, Guo-Zhi
論文名稱(中文):我國著名商標之認定標準與實務 ―與美國法之比較
論文名稱(外文):Recognition of Well-Known Trademarks in Taiwan: A Comparative Study with the United States
指導教授(中文):李紀寬
指導教授(外文):Li, Gi-Kuen
口試委員(中文):莊弘鈺
范國華
口試委員(外文):Chuang, Hung-Yu
Fan, Kuo-Hua
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立清華大學
系所名稱:科技法律研究所
學號:109074503
出版年(民國):113
畢業學年度:112
語文別:中文
論文頁數:128
中文關鍵詞:商標著名商標著名商標認定商標減損判決分析商標法美國聯邦商標淡化法美國商標淡化修正法案
外文關鍵詞:TrademarkFamous TrademarkRecognition of Famous TrademarksTrademark DilutionJudgment AnalysisTrademark LawFTDATDRA
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隨著貿易全球化與品牌意識的抬頭,著名商標的重要性隨之提升。企業亦往往積極投入著名商標的經營與維護,並將其視為重要的無形資產。於法律層面上,著名商標被賦予了較諸一般商標更加完善的保護,除商標之混淆誤認外,著名商標所有人亦得主張商標減損,向指定使用商品類別外之其他商標主張權利。然而,正是基於法規對於著名商標的額外保障,著名商標與商標減損制度可能對言論自由與競爭環境造成的負面影響一直是學者們緊密關注的面向。
著名商標的認定為所有法律爭議的起始點,該議題之重要性不言而喻。惟觀察我國司法實務,可發現法院於著名商標認定之論述上往往僅為證據堆砌,而未確實對於該等證據進行細緻的討論與說明,造成「著名商標認定」議題的高度不確定性。就此,本文分析美國與我國近五年之著名商標判決,於確認我國司法實務現況的同時,嘗試透過比較法為降低「著名商標認定」議題高度抽象性提出調整建議。本文亦將討論於現行科技下,是否存在其他更加直接、更形客觀的證據,以及該等證據運用於實際訴訟中仍須克服的挑戰與阻礙。為「著名商標認定」議題提供一獨特的觀點與發展方向。
With the rise of trade globalization and increased brand awareness, the importance of famous trademarks has also grown. Companies often actively invest in the management and maintenance of famous trademarks, considering them as significant intangible assets. On legal level, the owners of famous trademarks are granted more comprehensive protection compared to owners of ordinary ones. Apart from preventing trademark confusion, they also have a rightful claim on trademark dilution against others beyond the specified classes of goods or services.
However, due to the additional legal protection for famous trademarks, scholars give close attention to the potential negative impact on freedom of speech and the competitive environment resulting from the famous trademarks regulations.
The recognition of famous trademarks serves as the starting point for all legal disputes, highlighting its undeniable importance. Nevertheless, upon examining the judicial practice in our country, it is observed that courts often present extensive evidence in discussions on the recognition of famous trademarks without providing detailed analysis and explanations. This has led to a high degree of uncertainty surrounding the issue of "recognition of famous trademarks." Therefore, this thesis analyzes recent famous trademark judgments in both the United States and our country over the past five years. It aims to confirm the current state of judicial practice in our country while attempting to propose adjustments through comparative law to reduce the abstraction of "recognition of famous trademarks" issue. The thesis also discusses whether there are other direct and objective evidences in the era of modern technology that can deal with those problem, and the challenges and obstacles we should conquer in utilizing such evidence in actual litigation. Overall, the thesis aims to provide a unique perspective and development direction for the "recognition of famous trademarks" issue.
摘要
目錄
第一章、緒論---------------------------------------1
第一節、研究動機與目的------------------------------1
第二節、研究方法------------------------------------2
第一項、比較法研究----------------------------------2
第二項、文獻分析法----------------------------------3
第三項、判決研究------------------------------------3
第三節、文獻回顧------------------------------------4
第四節、研究範圍與限制-------------------------------6
第二章、商標與著名商標概論---------------------------7
第一節、商標之功能----------------------------------7
第二節、著名商標概論--------------------------------8
第一項、著名商標與品牌------------------------------8
第二項、著名商標之權利類型---------------------------10
第三項、著名商標制度正當性之爭辯----------------------12
第三節、著名商標相關之國際條約------------------------15
第一項、巴黎公約-------------------------------------15
第二項、貿易有關之智慧財產權協議(TRIPS)--------------16
第三項、關於著名商標保護規定聯合備忘錄-----------------17
第三章、美國法下的著名商標----------------------------19
第一節、Well-known mark之意義與發展-------------------19
第一項、承認著名商標原則之重要司法判例------------------20
第二項、近五年之司法實務觀察---------------------------21
第三項、小節------------------------------------------22
第二節、Famous mark之意義與發展------------------------23
第一項、著名商標法制之發展-----------------------------23
第二項、美國司法實務下著名商標之認定--------------------33
第三節、小節------------------------------------------48
第四章、我國法下的著名商標-----------------------------50
第一節、我國著名商標之規定-----------------------------50
第一項、我國著名商標法制概論---------------------------50
第二項、立法沿革--------------------------------------51
第三項、「著名」之標準與意義---------------------------53
第四項、著名商標所有人之權利類型-----------------------54
第二節、商標減損下著名程度標準之發展--------------------55
第一項、最高行政法院105年11月份第1次庭長法官聯席會議-----57
第二項、最高行政法院大法庭111年度大字第1號裁定-----------58
第三項、本文見解---------------------------------------60
第三節、著名商標名錄及案件彙編--------------------------61
第一項、建置著名商標彙編之必要性------------------------62
第二項、著名商標彙編之運作模式--------------------------63
第三項、著名商標彙編於我國法中的效力--------------------64
第四節、我國司法實務對於著名商標之認定-------------------65
第一項、各參考因素之證據類型與法院見解-------------------67
第二項、判決分析---------------------------------------77
第一款、各參考因素之討論頻率分析-------------------------77
第三項、高度著名與低度著名商標之判斷---------------------83
第五節、小節-------------------------------------------85
第五章、著名商標認定之比較與研析-------------------------87
第一節、美國與我國法制與司法實務之比較--------------------87
第一項、著名商標認定結果之比較---------------------------87
第二項、著名商標各參考因素之比較--------------------------87
第三項、著名商標參考因素討論情形之比較--------------------94
第四項、小結--------------------------------------------96
第二節、新型態證據之發展與阻礙----------------------------97
第一項、消費者調查之缺點---------------------------------97
第二項、新型態證據之發展與阻礙----------------------------99
第三項、小結--------------------------------------------107
第六章、結論--------------------------------------------109
參考文獻
附錄

一、 中文文獻
中文專書
陳昭華、王敏銓(2023),《商標法之理論與實務》,元照出版,七版,頁2-5。
陳春山(2014),《全球品牌商標案例簡析》,新學林,頁21-31。
研究報告
劉孔中、王敏銓、梅嘉玲、張瀞予、余金龍、陳宥銓(2008),「著名商標名錄及案例評析 」研究成果報告,頁50-63。

中文期刊
王美花、張瓊惠(2005),〈論商標之淡化〉,《智慧財產權月刊》,第84期,頁72。
周祖誠(2012),〈從品牌經營看政府創新服務策略〉,《研考雙月刊》,36卷5期,頁107。
陳匡正(2017),〈指定使用商品或服務之類似程度對著名商標保護及救濟之影響〉,《台灣法學雜誌》,312期,頁20-21。
陳盈竹(2020),〈論國際間對著名商標減損保護之規範〉,《智慧財產權》,第259期,頁18-19。
陳盈竹(2020),〈我國司法實務對著名商標減損保護之案例評析〉,《智慧財產權月刊》,259期,頁31-37。
許曉芬(2013),《論著名商標侵害態樣中之「搭便車」行為——以歐洲法院判決實務為中心》,〈臺北大學法學論叢〉,87期,頁190-192。
黃銘傑(2020),〈我國著名商標保護規範之解構及再架構:解釋論及立法論之觀點〉,《國立臺灣大學法學論叢》,49:4期,頁2113-2168。
黃銘傑(2016),《著名商標之「著名」程度及適用於同一或類似商品(服務)之探討──從最高行政法院一○一年度判字第四七號判決及司法院一○二年度「智慧財產法律座談會」「行政訴訟類相關議題」第七號提案及研討結果談起》,〈月旦法學雜誌〉,第249 期,頁224-235。
馮震宇(2011),〈從國際間對商標減損規範看智財法院INTEL案判決與商標法修正〉,《智慧財產評論》,第9卷第 1期,頁56。
馮震宇(2013),《商標減損之認定與商標侵權》,〈台灣法學雜誌〉,223期,頁147-148。
劉孔中、王敏銓(2010),〈從比較商標理論及實務探討公示著名商標案件之必要性與方法〉,政大法學評論,第117期,頁291-293。
劉蘊文(2012),〈美國商標局對於商標欺瞞行為之實務探討〉,《智慧財產權》,第166期,頁85。

碩士論文
唐政猷(2019),《著名商標混淆誤認及減損之研究-以台灣案例為中心》,國立政治大學法學院碩士在職專班碩士論文。
麻海杰(2016),《商標法上著名商標減損之認定》,東吳大學法律學系碩士論文。
陳盈竹(2019),《著名商標保護之研究-以商標減損為中心》,世新大學智慧財產暨傳播科技法律研究所碩士論文。
張佑碩(2023),《商標識別性減損之虞判斷因素之研究》,世新大學智慧財產暨傳播科技法律研究所碩士論文。
張佑碩(2023),《商標淡化理論之疑慮及其因應之研究》,東吳大學法律學系碩士論文。
詹連財(2021),《商標淡化之法律經濟分析》,頁22-23、107-108,國立臺北科技大學智慧財產權研究所碩士論文。
劉蘊文(2014),《從國內外司法實務論我國對於著名商標之保護》,頁85,東吳大學法律學系碩士論文。

網路資料
中央廣播電台(09/2022),〈台大告「台大補習班」侵權勝訴 獲賠623萬〉,https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2143564(最後瀏覽日:05/12/2023)。
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經濟部智慧財產局,小辭典—著名商標保護規定聯合備忘錄,https://www.tipo.gov.tw/tw/cp-886-881822-0cd1b-1.html(最後瀏覽日:04/11/2023)。
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經濟部智慧財產局網站,https://topic.tipo.gov.tw/trademarks-tw/cp-515-860162-528a4-201.html(最後瀏覽日:08/28/2023)。
本局公告之著名商標案件彙編釋疑(商標法§300111、70)(103/2),資料來源: https://topic.tipo.gov.tw/trademarks-tw/cp-515-860162-528a4-201.html(最後瀏覽日:12/10/2023)。
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二、 英文文獻
英文專書
AAKER, DAVID A., BUILDING STRONG BRANDS, 7-8(1th ed. 1996).
BENNETT, GENA R., USING CORPORA IN THE LANGUAGE LEARNING CLASSROOM 9, 12 (2010).
MCCARTHY, J. THOMAS, MCCARTHY ON TRADEMARKS AND UNFAIR COMPETITION (5th ed. 2019).
SCHECHTER, ROGER & THOMAS, JOHN, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: THE LAW OF COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS 698,705-708 (1d ed. 2003).

書之篇章
Linford, Jake, Democratizing Access to Survey Evidence of Distinctiveness, in TRADEMARK LAW AND THEORY: REFORM OF TRADEMARK LAW 225, 229-32 (Graeme B. Dinwoodie & Mark D. Janis, eds., 2021).

英文期刊
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Basma, D., Dilution Versus Unfair Advantage: Myths and Realities. IIC 52, 1217, 1218–1219 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-021-01116-z.
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Handler, Michael, What Can Harm the Reputation of A Trademark? A Critical Re-Evaluation of Dilution by Tarnishment, 106 TRADEMARK REP. 639, 643–47 (2016).
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網路資料
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