主觀幸福感容易受文化背景差異與個體差異影響，固定效果模型 (fixed-effects model) 藉由控制不隨時間變動的未知要素，減少估計結果受個體差異影響而造成的偏誤。本論文使用固定效果模型，針對美國47個州的受訪者，估計氣候變遷對主觀幸福感的影響程度。實證結果顯示，美國從氣候變遷所導致的平均氣溫上升中獲益，整體主觀幸福感提升。其中原因可能是美國所處緯度較高，氣溫上升使原本的低溫變得更加舒適；以及美國是富裕的已開發國家，有較多的資源因應氣候變遷的衝擊。本文亦發現，平均氣溫不同的州對氣候變遷有不同的反應，一月平均氣溫高於歷史均溫對溫暖州有負面影響，對寒冷州的受訪者則沒有顯著影響。

Subjective well-being is easily influenced by cultural differences and individual traits; the fixed-effects model reduces the bias of estimation results caused by individual differences by controlling for time-invariant unobserved factors. We apply the fixed-effects model to estimate the effect of climate variability on the subjective well-being of respondents in 47 U.S. states. We found the U.S. get benefits from rising average temperature due to climate change, improving overall personal well-being. This may be because the U.S. is located at a higher latitude, and the rising temperature makes the original low temperature more comfortable; moreover, because the U.S. is a developed country with lots of resources to cope with climate change. We also found that states with different mean temperatures reacted differently to climate change, with higher-than-historical mean temperatures in January having a negative effect on respondents in warm states and no significant effect on respondents in cold conditions.

1. 緒論 1
2. 文獻回顧 6
3. 研究方法 10
3.1. 實證模型 11
3.2. 估計檢定 12
4. 資料描述 13
4.1. 資料來源 13
4.2. 資料處理 14
4.3. 敘述統計 15
5. 實證分析 18
5.1. 實證結果 18
5.2. 穩健測試 37
5.3. 實證結論 40
6. 結論與建議 41
參考文獻 43
附錄 46

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