本篇論文是利用分佈式光時域反射儀作為光纖感測用途。首先發展一個窄線寬環形摻鉺光纖雷射，其頻寬為3kHz。我們將窄線寬雷射經過聲光晶體調變器(Acousto-optic modulator)之後調制成窄寬度的脈衝光，並經過放大後打入9.080公里的感測光纖。接著對200公尺以及620公尺的位置進行模擬入侵的動作而導致脈衝在光纖中形成與未入侵時不同的背向瑞利散射。利用不同的的散射點因為相位差不同而彼此干涉的原因，入侵動作導致背向瑞利散射訊號在每一個脈衝週期皆具有振盪波形。將所入侵的瑞利散射訊號送到採樣速率為5MS/sec的資料擷取卡，然後輸入電腦。將2000張瑞利散射疊圖之後，利用移動平均法以及相減法兩種方法將所擷取到的訊號作分析，而偵測到兩個入侵位置的訊號。

In this thesis, we used a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer for intrusion detection.A narrow-linewidth erbium-doped fiber laser with a linewidth of 3kHz was developed in the laboratory and used as a light source for intrusion detection. The laser light was first pulse modulated through an acousto-optic modulator and then was launched into a 9.08-km long test fiber after amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. In the test of intrusion detection, we tapped the sensing fiber at the locations of 200m and 620m, respectively. The Rayleigh backscattered light carrying information of intrusion was then received by a photodetector, and the detected signal corresponding to each laser pulse was transmitted to a personal computer through the use of a data acquisition module with a sampling rate of 5 Msamples/sec. In deriving the locations of intrusion, we used differential method and moving average method to process the signal and eliminate noises.

目錄
摘要 i
ABSERACT ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 v
第一章 介紹 1
1.1 光纖優點 1
1.2 研究背景 2
1.3 文獻回顧 3
1.3.1分佈式光時域反射儀 3
1.3.2 相位光時域反射儀 4
1.3.3 Sagnac 干涉儀 10
第二章 實驗原理 12
2.1 雷射架構 12
2.2 雷射線寬 13
2.3 相敏光時域反射儀架構 16
2.4光在光纖中的散射 17
2.5入侵位置推算出始點 18
2.6 移動平均法 20
第三章 實驗結果 22
3.1雷射光源量測 22
3.2脈衝量測 25
3.3入侵模擬結果 26
第四章 結論與未來方向 44
參考文獻 46

參考文獻
[1] Peter D. McIntyre and Allan W. Snyder, "Power transfer between optical fibers," Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 63, issue 12, pp. 1518-1527, 1973.
[2] L. G. Cohen, P. Kaiser, and H. M. Presby, "Transmission characteristics of large-core, low-loss, single-mode fiber," Optical Fiber Transmission OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group), 1975, paper TuD2.
[3] Ian A. White and Allan W. Snyder, "Radiation from dielectric optical waveguides: a comparison of techniques" Applied Optics, vol. 16, issue 6, pp. 1470-1472, 1977.
[4] A. V. Harish and J. Nilsson, "Suppression of stimulated brillouin scattering in single-frequency fiber Raman amplifier through pump modulation," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 37, no. 13, pp. 3280-3289, 2019.
[5] D. Gloge, "Optical fiber theory: Opportunities for advancement abound," Radio Science, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 479-490, 1977.
[6] G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-optic communication systems, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
[7] Radim Sifta, Petr Munster, Petr Sysel, Tomas Horvath, Vit Novotny, Ondrej Krajsa and Miloslav Filka, "Distributed fiber-optic sensor for detection and localization of acoustic vibrations, " Metrology and Measurement Systems, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 111–118, 2015.
[8] Q. Li, C. Zhang, L. Li, and X. Zhong, "Localization mechanisms and location methods of the disturbance sensor based on phase-sensitive OTDR, " Optik, vol. 125, issue 9, pp. 2099-2103, 2014.
[9] B. Lee, "Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors, " Optical Fiber Technology, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 57-79 ,2003.
[10] Christopher S. Baldwin and Anthony J. Vizzini, "Acoustic emission crack detection with FBG, "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, vol. 5050, pp. 133–143, 2003.
[11] H. Tsuda, J. H. Koo, and T. Kishi, "Detection of simulated acoustic emission with Michelson interferometic fiber-optic sensors, "Journal of Materials Science Letters, vol. 20, pp. 55–56, 2001.
[12] A. Rogers, "Distributed optical-fibre sensing, " Measurement Science and Technology, vol 10, number 8, 1999.
[13] Bing Qi, Fei Ye, Li Qian, and Hoi-Kwong Lo, "Reflectometry based on a frequency-shifted interferometer using sideband interference, "Optics Letters, vol. 38, issue 7, pp. 1083-1085, 2013.
[14] Jie Huang, Xinwei Lan, Ming Luo, and Hai Xiao, "Spatially continuous distributed fiber optic sensing using optical carrier based microwave interferometry, "Optics Express, vol. 22, issue 15, pp. 18757–18769, 2014.
[15] M. Mitra and S. Gopalakrishnan, "Guided wave based structural health monitoring: a review, " Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 25, no.5, pp.1-3, 2016.
[16] M. Barnoski and S. Jensen, "Fiber waveguides: A novel technique for investigating attenuation characteristics, " Applied Optics, vol. 15, issue 9, pp. 2112-2115, 1976.
[17] L. Palmieri and L. Schenato, "Distributed optical fiber sensing based on Rayleigh scattering, "Open Optics Journal, pp. 104–127, 2013.
[18] Juan C. Juarez and Henry F. Taylor, "Field test of a distributed fiber-optic intrusion sensor system for long perimeters, "Applied Optics, vol. 46, issue 11, pp. 1968-1971, 2007.
[19] H. Wu, X. Liu, Y. Xiao and Y. Rao, "A dynamic time sequence recognition and knowledge mining method based on the Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for pipeline safety monitoring with Φ-OTDR, "Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 37, no. 19, pp. 4991-5000, 2019.
[20] Pavol Stajanca, Sebastian Chruscicki, Tobias Homann, Stefan Seifert, Dirk Schmidt and Abdelkarim Habib, "Detection of leak-Induced pipeline vibrations using fiber—optic distributed acoustic sensing, " Sensors 2018, pp. 5-10, 2018.
[21] Javier Tejedor, Javier Macias-Guarasa, Hugo F. Martins, Daniel Piote, Juan Pastor-Graells, Sonia Martin-Lopez, Pedro Corredera and Miguel Gonzalez-Herraez, "Novel fiber optic based surveillance system for prevention of pipeline integrity threats, "Sensors 2017, pp. 3-10, 2017.
[22] Dongjie Tan, Xiaozhong Tian, Wei Sun, Yan Zhou, Lu Liu, Yunbing Ma, Jia Meng and Hong Zhang, "An oil and gas pipeline pre-warning system based on φ-OTDR, "23rd International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, pp. 13-16, 2014.
[23] Fei Peng, Han Wu, Xin-Hong Jia, Yun-Jiang Rao, Zi-Nan Wang, and Zheng-Pu Peng, "Ultra-long high-sensitivity φ-OTDR for high spatial resolution intrusion detection of pipelines, " Optics Express, vol. 22, issue 11, pp. 13804-13810, 2014.
[24] Zhaoyong Wang, Hanrong Zheng, Luchuan Li, Jiajing Liang, Xiao Wang, Bin Lu, Qing Ye, Ronghui Qu, and Haiwen Cai, "Practical multi-class event classification approach for distributed vibration sensing using deep dual path network, "Optics Express, vol. 27, issue 17, pp. 23682-23692, 2019.
[25] David Milne, Ali Masoudi, EdgarFerro, Geoff Watson and Louis Le Pen "An analysis of railway track behaviour based on distributed optical fibre acoustic sensing, "Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol 142, 2020.
[26] Xiaoyi Bao and Yuan Wang, "Recent advancements in Rayleigh scattering-based distributed fiber sensors, "Advanced Devices & Instrumentation, pp. 3, 2021.
[27] J. Y. Lee and D. Y. Kim, " Spectrum-sliced Fourier-domain low-coherence interferometry for measuring the chromatic dispersion of an optical fiber, " Applied Optics, vol. 46, issue 29, pp. 7289-7296, 2007.
[28] Sadakuni Shimada, Coherent lightwave communications technology, Springer, 1995.
[29] Juan C. Juarez, Eric W. Maier, Kyoo Nam Choi, and Henry F. Taylor, "Distributed fiber-optic intrusion sensor system, "Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 23, issue 6, pp. 2081-2090, 2005.
[30] F. Peng, N. Duan, Y. J. Rao, and J. Li, "Real-time position and speed monitoring of trains using phase-sensitive OTDR, "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 26, no. 20, pp. 2055–2057, 2014.
[31] Yuanyuan Shan, Wenbin Ji, Xinyong Dong, Lu Cao, Mohammadmasoud Zabihi, Qing Wang, Yixin Zhang, and Xuping Zhang, "An enhanced distributed acoustic sensor based on UWFBG and self-heterodyne detection, "Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 37, issue 11, pp. 2700-2705, 2019.
[32] S. Liang, X. Sheng, S. Lou, Y. Feng and K. Zhang, "Combination of phase-sensitive OTDR and Michelson interferometer for nuisance alarm rate reducing and event identification, "IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1-12, 2016.
[33] P. R. Hoffman and M. G. Kuzyk, "Position determination of an acoustic burst along a Sagnac interferometer, "Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 494-498, 2004.
[34] Xiaojun Fang, "Fiber-optic distributed sensing by a two-loop Sagnac interferometer, "Optics Letters, vol. 21, issue 6, pp. 444-446, 1996.
[35] A. Mizutori, M. Sugamoto and M. Koga, "12.5-Gbit/s BPSK stable optical homodyne detection using 3-kHz spectral linewidth external-cavity laser diode, "2012 38th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications, pp. 1-3, 2012.
[36] Ping Lu , Nageswara Lalam , Mudabbir Badar, Bo Liu , Benjamin T. Chorpening , Michael P. Buric, and Paul R. Ohodnicki, "Distributed optical fiber sensing: review and prospective, "Applied Physics Reviews 6, pp. 1-3, 2019.
[37] Y. Lu, T. Zhu, L. Chen and X. Bao, "Distributed Vibration sensor based on coherent detection of phase-OTDR, "Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 28, no. 22, pp. 3243-3249, 2010