本論文旨在開發一具插入式能源補充之風力切換式磁阻發電機為主雙極性直流微電網。首先，建構一變頻表面貼式永磁同步馬達系統作為風渦輪機模擬器。在轉矩模式操作下，所開發風渦輪機之轉矩-速度以及功率-速度特性曲線可忠實產出。在速度模式下，所開發之馬達驅動系統亦可作為傳統發電機之渦輪機。
接著，研製一後接非對稱橋式轉換器之風力切換式磁阻發電機，藉由適當設計之電力電路、感測機構、換相機制、外加激磁源、電壓及電流控制器獲得良好發電特性。對於傳統發電機，輸出電壓可得到良好的穩壓調節特性。至於由風渦輪機所驅動之切換式磁阻發電機，最大功率點追控係應用擾動觀察法實現之。
第三，建構一直流/直流升壓介面轉換器及電壓平衡電路，建立500V之雙極性直流匯流排。經由適當的控制，獲有良好調節及電壓平衡特性之雙極性直流電壓。此外，開發一蓄電池儲能系統，經由一雙向單臂升/降壓直流/直流轉換器連接至微電網之直流匯流排，以提高微電網之供電品質。
在負載側，開發一三相六開關之負載變頻器，其可作為單相三線變頻器或三相三線變頻器。單相三線變頻器可產生單相220V/110V 60Hz電壓源為家用電器供電。控制上採用比例諧振控制，以獲得良好的正弦電壓波形和調節特性。至於三相三線變頻器，用於微電網及市電聯網之雙向操作。在市電對微電網的操作上，可對微電網提供能源支撐。反之，微電網對市電之操作，微電網可對市電提供實功率以及虛功補償。
最後，為了進一步提升微電網的供電可靠性，開發一以三相維也納切換式整流器為主之插入式能源支撐系統。當微電網發生能源短缺時，可將收集之能源供給至微電網。可獲取之電源含直流、單相交流或三相交流。

This thesis develops a wind switched-reluctance generator (SRG) based biploar DC microgrid with plug-in energy support. First, an inverter fed surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) drive is developed and controlled as a wind turbine emulator (WTE). By operating in torque mode, the designed torque-speed and power-speed curves of the WTE under different wind speeds can be faithfully generated. In speed mode, the developed SPMSM drive can also be served as a conventional generator turbine.
Next, the wind SRG with asymmetric bridge converter is developed. Good generating characteristics are obtained through appropriate designs for power circuit, sensing schemes, commutation mechanism, external excitation source, voltage and current controllers. For the conventional generator, the well-regulated output voltage is established. As to the WTE driven wind SRG, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved by applying the perturb and observe (P&O) method.
Third, a DC/DC boost interface converter and a bipolar voltage balancer are constructed to establish a 500V bipolar DC-bus. Through proper control, the bipolar DC voltage with good regulation and voltage balancing characteristics are preserved. Furthermore, to increase the microgrid powering quality, a battery energy storage system (BESS) is developed, which is connected to the microgrid DC-bus through a bidirectional one-leg buck-boost DC/DC converter.
In the load side, a three-phase six-switch (3P6SW) bidirectional load inverter is developed, which can be operated as a single-phase three-wire (1P3W) inverter or a three-phase three-wire (3P3W) inverter. The 1P3W inverter can yield single-phase 220V/110V 60Hz voltage source to power household appliances. Good sinusoidal voltage waveform and regulation characteristics are obtained by adopting the proportional- resonance (PR) control. As to the 3P3W inverter, it is used for conducting the bidirectional microgrid-to-grid/grid-to-microgrid (M2G/G2M) operations. In G2M operation, the microgrid can receive energy support from the grid. Conversely, it can send real power and compensated reactive power to the grid in M2G operation.
Finally, in order to further improve the reliability of the microgrid, a three-phase Vienna switch-mode rectifier based plug-in energy support system is developed. When the microgrid energy shortage occurs, the harvested energy can be used to supply the microgrid. The possible harvested sources can be DC, single-phase AC or three-phase AC.

摘要-----------------------------------------------------------------a
致謝-----------------------------------------------------------------b
目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------c
第一章、簡介----------------------------------------------------------d
第二章、風力發電機及微電網之概述---------------------------------------g
第三章、以永磁同步馬達驅動系統建構之渦輪機模擬器-------------------------h
第四章、傳統及風力切換式磁阻發電機系統之構建-----------------------------i
第五章、以風力切換式磁阻發電機建構之雙極性直流微電網---------------------j
第六章、插入式能源補充系統---------------------------------------------k
第七章、結論----------------------------------------------------------l
附錄: 英文論文--------------------------------------------------------n

ABSTRACT i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
LIST OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES xvi
LIST OF SYMBOLS xvii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION xxvii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 BASIC KONWLEDGE OF WIND GENERATOR AND MICROGRID SYSTEM 6
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Microgrids 6
2.3 Wind Generators 8
2.3.1 Wind Turbines 8
2.3.2 Governing Equations of Wind Turbine 10
2.3.3 Typical Wind Generators 12
2.3.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Control 14
2.4 Turbine Emulators 14
2.5 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines 15
2.5.1 Motor Structures 15
2.5.2 Physical Modeling 16
2.5.3 Measurement of Motor Parameters 19
2.6 Switched-Reluctance Machines 22
2.6.1 Motor Structures 22
2.6.2 Governing Equations and Dynamic Modeling 24
2.6.3 SRM Converters 26
2.6.4 Some Key Issues of SRG 28
2.7 Energy Storage Devices 29
2.8 Interface Converters 30
CHAPTER 3 PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR BASED TURBINE EMULATOR 35
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Permanent-magnet Synchronous Motor Drive 35
3.2.1 Power Circuit 35
3.2.2 Sensing and Interfacing Circuits 37
3.3 Control Scheme 39
3.3.1 Current-controlled PWM Scheme 39
3.3.2 Speed Control Scheme 40
3.4 Experimental Evaluation of the Developed SPMSM Drive 42
3.4.1 Starting Characteristics 42
3.4.2 Speed Dynamic Response 43
3.5 Turbine Emulator 44
3.5.1 System Configuration 44
3.5.2 Modeling of the Wind Turbine Characteristics 44
3.5.3 Torque Controller 48
3.5.4 Measured Torque-speed and Power-speed Curves 49
CHAPTER 4 CONVENTIONAL AND WIND SWITCHED- RELUCTANCE GENERATORS 51
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 Switched-Reluctance Generator 51
4.2.1 Governing Equations 51
4.2.2 DC-link Ripple Characteristics 53
4.3 Control Schemes 55
4.4 Performance Evaluation 60
4.5 Revaluation of the SRG system 68
4.6 MPPT Control of the Wind Turbine Emulator Driven SRG 69
4.6.1 Control Scheme 69
4.6.2 MPPT Algorithms 70
4.6.3 Experimental Evaluation 72
4.6.4 Dynamic Characteristics 73
CHAPTER 5 WIND SWITCHED-RELUCTANCE GENERATOR BASED BIPLOAR DC MICROGRID 76
5.1 Introduction 76
5.2 System Configuration of the Developed Microgrid 76
5.3 Two-level Boost Converter and Voltage Balancer 77
5.3.1 Circuit Operation 78
5.3.2 Power Circuit 79
5.3.3 Control Schemes 81
5.3.4 Experimental Results 87
5.4 Battery Energy Storage System 92
5.4.1 Power Circuit 92
5.4.2 Control Scheme 94
5.4.3 Measured Results 99
5.5 Single-phase Three-wire Inverter100
5.5.1 Power Circuit 100
5.5.2 Dynamic Model 101
5.5.3 Control Scheme 104
5.5.4 Measured Results 107
5.6 M2G/G2M Operations via 3P3W Inverter 112
5.6.1 Power Circuit 112
5.6.2 3P3W Inverter in G2M Operation 113
5.6.3 3P3W Inverter in M2G Operation 116
CHAPTER 6 PLUG-IN AUXILIARY ENERGY SUPPORT SYSTEM 119
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 Plug-in Energy Support Scheme with Three-phase AC input 119
6.2.1 Circuit Operation of Vienna SMR 120
6.2.2 Equivalent Circuit Analysis 123
6.2.3 Power Circuit Component Design 124
6.2.4 Control Schemes 127
6.2.5 Simulation Results 129
6.2.6 Measured Results 129
6.3 Plug-in Energy Support Scheme with Single-phase
AC input 132
6.3.1 Circuit Operation 133
6.3.2 Power Circuit 134
6.3.3 Control Schemes 134
6.3.4 Measured Result 135
6.4 Plug-in Energy Support Scheme with DC Input 136

A. Microgrids
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D. Switched-reluctance Machines
(a) Switched-reluctance Motors
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(b) Switched-reluctance Generators
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(c) Converters for Switched-reluctance Machines
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E. Energy Storage Systems
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F. Interface Power Converters
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G. PWM Inverters
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H. Switch-mode Rectifiers
(a) Single-phase SMRs
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(b) Three-phase SMRs
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I. Others
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