本研究旨在設計一套用於電動車系統，扮演充電設備之直流/直流轉換器，
用於代替原傳統系統中電動機帶動發電機所負責的作業，以進行供給能量予載具
設備，並分離電動機系統與周邊車載電子供電系統，以提升整體系統效率。
本研究根據所需的電氣規格來製作高頻電源轉換器，以供應穩定電壓與功率
於車用儲能設備。電路架構使用Class-D 隔離型LLC 諧振轉換器，切換頻率為 2
MHz，並使電路的諧振頻率低於切換頻率，以達到零電壓切換(ZVS)，盡可能地
將開關切換損失降低。變壓器功用為電氣阻隔並參與諧振，其中主體為平面式變
壓器，鐵芯材質使用能符合高頻需求之鐵氧體(Ferrite)材質，鐵芯結構使用耦合
能力高的PQ 結構，繞組與整流設計採二次側中間抽頭式，使諧振槽輸出之交流
電轉為直流電。本研究將設計輸入電壓為380 Vdc，輸出電壓為60 Vdc、額定功率
為1 kW 之隔離型諧振轉換器。
本論文主要貢獻包括：(1)本研究設計切換頻率為2 MHz 且使用新型材料氮
化鎵(GaN)功率開關之Class-D 架構，最大功率1 kW 之直流/直流隔離型諧振轉
換器。(2)根據轉換器電氣規格，提出設計流程並實際完成，再微調修正，設計各
諧振槽元件參數。(3)引入平面式變壓器，並設計其大小、材質及繞組模式等參數。

The original target of this study focuses on designing a DC/DC converter as a charger
for electrical vehicle system. It replaces the conventional motor in internal combustion
engine vehicle to supply electric appliances. It also separates the electrical power supply
system from propulsion system and auxiliary power supply system, and improves the
overall power efficiency.
An isolated and high frequency DC/DC converter to supply stable voltage and power
to a battery system on electric vehicle is designed in this study. The converter topology is
a Class-D with series LLC resonant inverter with 2 MHz switching frequency. Through
the series LLC resonant network, the resonant frequency is lower than that of switching
and makes the switches operate with Zero-Voltage Switching (ZVS) to reduce the
switching losses. The transformer is used for electrical isolation and applied for resonant
tank design. The transformer adopts the planar mechanical structure. The material of core
uses the high frequency ferrite and the shape of core adopts the PQ-core type for the
ability of magnetic coupling. The winding and the rectifier use the center-tapped topology
to reduces the diode conduction losses and rectifying the current. The study target is
designing an isolated DC/DC converter with 1 kW maximum output power, 380 VDC input
and 60 VDC output.
The main contributions of this research include: (1) developing a DC/DC isolated
converter with new kind material, Gallium Nitride (GaN) and MHz-level switching
frequency; (2) planning out a design process to determine the parameters of resonant tank
component, and (3) introducing the topology of planar transformer and designing the
shape, material and winding parameter.

摘要 i
誌謝 iii
總目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 諧振轉換器回顧 4
1.2.1 轉換器切換特性 4
1.2.2 緩衝器介紹 5
1.3 諧振轉換器介紹 6
1.4 半導體材料介紹 8
1.4.1 D-Mode GaN 9
1.4.2 E-Mode GaN 10
1.5 論文架構 11
第二章 諧振轉換器介紹與參數設計 12
2.1 功率放大器拓樸 12
2.1.1 Class-A放大器 12
2.1.2 Class-D放大器 13
2.2 方波產生器 14
2.3 變壓器等效電路模型 17
2.4 諧振槽電路 18
2.4.1 LC串聯型 18
2.4.2 LLC串並聯型 21
2.4.3 LLC諧振槽動作原理 27
2.5 諧振槽參數設計 32
2.5.1 激磁電感Lm之選擇 33
2.5.2 諧振電感Lr之選擇 34
2.5.3 諧振電容Cr之選擇 34
第三章 周邊電路設計 35
3.1 輔助電源 35
3.2 石英振盪器電路 38
3.3 訊號分頻電路 39
3.4 類比開關責任比率調變電路 41
3.5 訊號隔離與開關驅動電路 43
3.5.1 脈衝變壓器電路 43
3.5.2 光耦合器電路 44
3.5.3 1EDI60N12AF訊號隔離與開關驅動電路 44
第四章 隔離型LLC諧振轉換器設計 46
4.1 轉換器架構 47
4.2 元件材料選用與設計 47
4.2.1 元件電壓應力推算 47
4.2.2 開關選用 49
4.2.3 整流電路架構選用 50
4.2.4 變壓器鐵芯選用與繞製 52
4.2.5 變壓器參數 59
4.2.6 諧振電容材料與架構選用 61
第五章 電路模擬與實測驗證 63
5.1 實體電路元件選用 63
5.2 實體電路拓樸 64
5.3 實務考量 66
5.3.1 硬體傳播延遲 (Propagation Delay) 66
5.3.2 驅動電路負電壓截止 69
5.4 模擬與實測結果 71
5.4.1 模擬結果 71
5.4.2 實體電路測試結果 74
5.5 損耗與效率推估 76
5.5.1 半橋開關 76
5.5.2 平面式變壓器 77
5.5.3 整流二極體 78
5.5.4 理論與實際效率比較 78
第六章 結論與未來展望 79
6.1 結論 79
6.2 未來展望 80
6.2.1 模組化設計 80
6.2.2 FPGA數位式驅動 80
6.2.3 閉迴路控制驅動與同步整流 80
參考文獻 81

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