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作者(中文):龔子鈞
作者(外文):Gong, Zi-Jhun
論文名稱(中文):低成本機械量尺之機構設計與開發
論文名稱(外文):Design and Development of the Mechanism of the Low-cost Mechanical Scale
指導教授(中文):曹哲之
指導教授(外文):Tsao, Che-Chih
口試委員(中文):蕭德瑛
宋震國
劉俊葳
口試委員(外文):Shaw, De-In
Sung, Cheng-Kuo
Liu, Chun-Wei
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立清華大學
系所名稱:動力機械工程學系
學號:109033576
出版年(民國):112
畢業學年度:111
語文別:中文
論文頁數:187
中文關鍵詞:低成本位移計機械量尺接觸式量測
外文關鍵詞:Low-cost Compact Micro-Displacement Sensor(LCMDS)Low-cost Mechanical Scale(LMS)Contact Measurement
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低成本機械量尺 (Low-cost Mechanical Scale, LMS) 是一種新提出的精密線性量具概念,可用於機器移動平台和一般測量。低成本機械量尺結合了一條表面分佈有高低變化的週期性結構的尺體和一個可沿尺體移動的低成本精密微位移計(Low-cost Compact Micro-Displacement Sensor, LCMDS),藉由低成本精密微位移計測量週期性結構的高度,可以決定其在尺體上的線性位置。本論文分為三個部分描述低成本機械量尺第一代原型機的設計和開發。第一部分完成機械量尺原型機的機械結構和機構的設計與開發,使用齒條作為尺體以及先前發展的雙子低成本精密微位移計作為讀訊號輸出單元。本論文研究了四種不同的量尺設計,並製作與測試了其中兩種設計。第二部分開發一機械量尺原型機的測試與校正系統。該測試系統可同時驅動光學尺與機械量尺移動,並利用光學尺對機械量尺原型機進行校正。本研究設計及製作了該測試系統的機械結構,完成了電路連接與軟體編撰,可同時讀取機械量尺原型機和光學尺的輸出信號,以進行校正和比較,並利用該系統對機械量尺原型機進行初步精度與準度的分析。第三部分以磨耗實驗及參考磨耗文獻研究機械量尺系統元件的磨耗。基於 1000 萬次移動的使用壽命估算顯示,元件的磨耗有限,並且可以通過定期校正程序來修正由此產生的誤差。最後總結並討論此機械量尺原型機及未來機械量尺開發的議題。
The Low-cost Mechanical Scale (LMS) is a newly proposed concept of precision linear scale for machine stages and general measurements. The LMS combines a linear scale body comprising periodical structures of varying heights in the transverse direction along the scale body and a set of the Low-cost Compact Micro-Displacement Sensors (LCMDSs) movable along the scale body. The LCMDS set measures the heights of the periodical structures, from which its linear positon along the scale body is determined. This thesis describes the design and development of the first prototype of the LMS in three parts. The first part designs and develops the mechanical structure and mechanism of the LMS prototype using a rack as the scale body and a previously developed dual-sensor LCMDS set as the readout unit. Four different designs were examined and two of them were built and tested. The second part develops a test and calibration system for the LMS prototype. The test system drives the LMS prototype with an optical scale in parallel and uses the optical scale to calibrate the LMS prototype. Electronics and software were developed to read output signals from the LMS prototype and the optical scale simultaneously for calibration and comparison. Preliminary repeatability and accuracy of the LMS prototype were analyzed. The third part conducts a study of wears of parts of the LMS system based on separate wear experiments and data from literatures. Estimations based on an operation life of 10 million strokes suggest that the wears of parts are limited and the resulted errors can be corrected by periodical calibration processes. Issues in the current and future development of the LMS are summarized and discussed.
摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iv
目錄 vii
圖目錄 xi
表目錄 xvii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 動機與目的 1
1.2 技術背景 2
1.2.1 現行商用精密量尺 2
1.2.2 以低成本精密微位移計為基礎的機械量尺 9
1.3 應用潛力 21
1.4 研究方法 23
第二章 低成本機械量尺試用機機構開發 25
2.1 概念設計 26
2.1.1 第一版本概念設計 26
2.1.2 第二版本概念設計 28
2.1.3 第三版本概念設計 30
2.1.4 第四版本概念設計 32
2.2 細部設計與組裝 34
2.2.1 讀頭基礎結構 35
2.2.2平行樞軸機構 39
第三章 低成本機械量尺精準度校正 43
3.1 精準度校正系統 44
3.1.1設計與組裝 44
3.1.2軟體建立及測試 49
(1)機械量尺數據讀取與輸出 50
(2) 自動記錄數據及曲線描繪功能 52
(3)多點平均輸出壓差與處理時間關係 59
3.1.3 校正系統的操作與測試 62
3.2 機械量尺第三版設計與第四版設計測試結果比較 65
3.3 精準度校正實驗 70
3.3.1 固定移動距離之精準度計算 74
3.3.2 局部區間之精準度計算 75
第四章 機械量尺磨耗分析 80
4.1 雪橇結構對齒條磨耗分析 81
4.2 量測球對齒條磨耗分析與實驗 84
4.3耐磨片磨耗分析 95
4.4磨耗對機械量尺的影響 97
4.4.1 雪橇結構與齒條磨耗對量尺的影響 97
4.4.2 耐磨片磨耗對量尺的影響 98
第五章 討論與結論 100
5.1 討論 100
5.2 結論 105
參考文獻 107
附錄A 本研究之分析與設計軟體程式檔案 113
附錄B 低成本精密機械量尺全機零件工程圖 115
附錄C 機械量尺實驗系統全機零件工程圖 129
附錄D 彈簧鋼片之預壓力計算 138
附錄E 機械量尺元件上耐磨片(Turcite)的黏貼過程 141
附錄F 機械量尺量測頭及其本體組裝過程 147
附錄G Arduino程式編輯及上傳 156
附錄H 上銀單軸機器人kk40系統相關資訊 159
附錄I 光學尺系統電路製作與使用 166
附錄J 精準度測試系統轉體建置 174

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