本文解決了原本耗時的生質柴油中酯化反應。文獻中表示了以生質
柴油製程中的酯化反應與轉酯化反應可以利用微波加熱加速反應速度，
微波作為熱源進行加熱相對於傳導式加熱可以更好的被反應物吸收，然
而利用微波依舊需要耗費大量的時間才能完成製程。
為了解決這個的問題，實驗中優化了文獻中提及的奈米粒子聚場的
想法，加入直徑 6 公釐大的鐵球進行實驗，實驗結果顯示鐵是可以有效的
加速降低酸價的速度的，因此採用了鐵作為催化劑這一想法並利用傳統
與微波腔體進行比較。
本論文的微波腔體是由趙賢文博士所設計出的微波腔體，利用
2.45GHz 的微波源，另外搭配阻抗調節器，這樣一來就可以在 1kW 左右
的功率來微波加熱，並且打入腔體的波源可以有效的耦合進入腔體，降
低反射波之外還能讓有效的利用微波進行加熱。
為了比較鐵作為催化劑對酯化反應的作用，實驗中做了三個比較：(1)
加入不同催化劑 – Fe、 2 3 Fe O 、 3 4 Fe O
(2)用不同重量的鐵網 (3)用鐵網與
鐵粉 – 比較不同表面積差異；比較的方式是利用一級反應的 k 值大小作為
反應速度的比較，為了方便比較實驗反應速度快慢，定義傳統加熱的 k 值
為 1；催化劑分析中發現鐵的效果最好。在不同網重的實驗中發現了加入
更多的網子的實驗提速較為明顯，並且也透過了這一組實驗發現鐵會有
質量損耗。在鐵網與鐵粉的實驗中鐵粉的 k 值大約是等重鐵網的 3 倍，與
傳統加熱相比，大約是 10 倍。

This thesis address a main problem which involves acceleration of the
esterification reaction in biodiesel. Traditionally, one challenge in biodiesel
production is that the time consumption is relatively high.
Previous research has shown that both the reaction rate of esterification and
transesterification can be accelerated by microwaves the production of biodiesel.
Microwave heating, which adopts the microwave as a thermal source, prevails
over conduction heating.
However, lots of time consumed in the process remains a main problem even
due to the microwave method.
To solve this problem, an idea of nanoparticle aggregation proposed in the
literature was optimized. In this thesis, the experiments involve an addition of
iron (Fe) spheres with a diameter of 6 mm. The results suggest that iron can
effectively catalyze the reaction. Therefore, comparison between conventional
and microwave methods is performed underneath the idea that iron plays a role
as catalyst during the reactions.
Dr. Hsien-Wen Chao designed a microwave cavity adopted by this research.
Using 2.45GHz microwave source with impedance adjuster is equipped on the
whole system.
Used power for microwave heating is roughly 1kW. The microwave generated
by source couples into the cavity efficiently. Owing to proper design, the
iii
reflected wave is significantly reduced to provide the best performance to the
heating process.
In this thesis, three groups of comparison are performed in order to examine the
catalyst effect of iron (Fe) . Details are following:
1. Adding different catalysts, Fe、 2 3 Fe O 、 3 4 Fe O , in experiment
2. Using Fe net of different weights
3. Using iron net and iron powder, to compare different surface area, in the
experiments
The Esterification reaction mentioned above is a first-order reaction. In order to
compare the reaction quantitatively, we use k value as an indicator in analysis.
The k value of the conventional heating is defined to 1 for convenience.
Iron (Fe) is added as a catalyst to compare the reaction. Data analysis shows that
the Iron (Fe) is the most effective.
On the other hand, different sizes of iron (Fe) nets used in experiments show that
heavier nets facilitate the reaction more faster than others. Another result we
found is that iron loses mass after the experiments.
In the experiment of iron net and iron powder, the result shows that the k value
of iron powder is roughly 3 times to the iron net of equal weight. The
performance of using iron is about 10 times faster than the conventional method.

摘要………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract………………………………………………………………….ii
致謝……………………………………………………………………...iv
目錄……………………………………………………………………....v
一、緒論…………………………………………………………………1
1.1 前言………………………………………………………….......1
1.2生質柴油的製程介紹....................................................................3
1.2-1 生質柴油的製程方法……………………………………..3
1.2-2 轉酯化反應………………………………………………..4
1.2-3 酯化反應…………………………………………………..6
1.3 微波.............................................................................................. 7
1.3-1 微波介紹..............................................................................7
1.3-2 磁控管..................................................................................8
1.3-3 傳統與微波加熱..................................................................8
1.3-4 微波的加熱原理..................................................................9
1.3-5 介電系數............................................................................10
1.3-6 微波加熱對生質柴油製程的影響....................................11
二、研究動機…………………………………………………………..12
2.1 奈米銀的電場模擬與實驗結果……………………………….12
2.2 鐵的電場模擬………………………………………………….13
2.3 鐵球的實驗結果與討論……………………………………….14
2.4 鐵在酯化反應中扮演的角色………………………………….15
2.5 理論推測……………………………………………………….18
三、實驗介紹…………………………………………………………..19
vi
3.1 實驗方法……………………………………………………….19
3.1-1 實驗材料…………………………………………………19
3.1-2 實驗原理………………………………………………....20
3.1-3 實驗步驟…………………………………………………21
3.2 實驗系統……………………………………………………….21
3.2-1 傳統加熱系統……………………………………………21
3.2-2 微波加熱系統……………………………………………23
3.3 實驗分析方法………………………………………………….25
3.3-1 Acid Value (AV)值測定…………………………………25
3.3-2 數據作圖…………………………………………………25
3.3-3 一級反應 k 值計算……………………………………....26
3.3-4 實驗分析中的比較………………………………………26
四、實驗結果與討論…………………………………………………..27
4.1 實驗樣品圖…………………………………………………….27
4.2 催化劑比較…………………………………………………….29
4.3 不同重量比較………………………………………………….32
4.4 不同形狀比較………………………………………………….33
4.5 結果與討論…………………………………………………….35
五、 結論……………………………………………………………….36
參考文獻………………………………………………………………..37

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