The following research presents the study of the motivation process of engineers working in the telecommunications industry in Honduras. This study aims to identify and show how the motivation factors involved in the motivation process have been affected due to the current Covid-19 pandemic. First, some requirements were established to choose the persons that were going to be interviewed. Once these requirements were settled and the people was chosen, a series of interviews, composed of open-ended questions, were conducted by the researcher with the purpose of gathering information related to work before the pandemic started and during the pandemic. After the interviews were concluded all the gathered information was organized so that the analysis of the information was easier for the researcher. During the analysis of the date, it were created three levels of concepts, first and second order, and aggregate dimensions. At last, when all the data was analyzed, the results showed the existence of ten motivation factors that were classified in five different aggregate dimensions by the researcher. All those motivation factors were studied to see how they were affected by the current Covid-19 pandemic and compared among each other to see the degree to which they were affected and how they were affected – positive or negative way -. All the results were later used for the creation of a model to better understand the situation.

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. RESEARCH QUESTION 1
1.2. OBJECTIVE 2
2. JUSTIFICATION 2
2.1. RESEARCH CONTEXT 2
2.2. CASE CONTEXT 3
3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 5
3.1. MOTIVATION, MOTIVATION PROCESS, AND MOTIVATION THEORIES 5
3.1.1. Motivation During a Pandemic 9
3.2. MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC 10
3.3. COVID-19 15
3.3.1. Covid-19 in Honduras 15
3.4. SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT OF HONDURAS 16
4. METHODOLOGY 16
4.1. FOCUS AND METHODS 16
4.2. SAMPLING STRATEGY 17
4.3. TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS 18
4.3.1. Application of the Instruments 18
4.4. ANALYZING THE DATA 19
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 20
5.1. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS 22
5.1.1. Salary & Benefits 22
5.1.2. Flexibility to Balance Work/Personal Life 23
5.2. SAFETY 24
5.2.1. Health Protection 24
5.2.2. Job Security/ Sense of Job Security 25
5.3. JOB CHARACTERISTICS AND CONDITIONS 26
5.3.1. Job Itself 26
5.3.2. Working Conditions 27
5.4. SOCIAL NEEDS 28
5.4.1. Communication 28
5.4.2. Relationships 29
5.4.3. Sense of Importance 30
5.5. LEADERSHIP 31
5.5.1. Presence of Leadership 31
6. CONCLUSION 34
6.1. LIMITATIONS 35
6.2. FUTURE RESEARCH 35
7. REFERENCES 36
8. APPENDIX 38

Artz, B., & Kaya, I. (2015). The Impact of Job Satisfaction in Economic Contractions versus Expansions. Applied Economics. 10.1080/00036846.2014.914148
BCH. (2020). Producto Interno Bruto, III Trimestre 2020. Tegucigalpa.
Buijs, V. L., Jeronimus, B. F., Lodder, G. M. A., Steverink, N., & de Jonge, P. (2021). Social Needs and Happiness: A Life Course Perspective. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(4), 1953–1978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00287-9
Center for Creative Leadership. (2020). The Importance of Empathy in the Workplace. CCL. https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/empathy-in-the-workplace-a-tool-for-effective-leadership/
Chadsey, J., & Beyer, S. (2001). Social relationships in the workplace. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 7(2), 128–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.1018
Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2013, April 10). Does Money Really Affect Motivation? A Review of the Research. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2013/04/does-money-really-affect-motiv
Chiavenato, I. (2009). Organizational Behavior: The Dynamics of Success in Organizations. Mexico City: McGraw-Hill.
CONATEL. (2020). Desempeño del Sector Telecomunicaciones en Honduras, Informe Trimestral. Tegucigalpa.
Dewan, Sanjeev & Kraemer, Kenneth. (2000). Information Technology and Productivity: Evidence from Country-Level Data. Management Science. 46. 548-562. 10.1287/mnsc.46.4.548.12057.
Groysberg, B., & Abrahams, R. (2020, October 8). Keep Your Weary Workers Engaged and Motivated. HBS Working Knowledge. http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/keep-covid-weary-employees-engaged-and-motivated
Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, Jr., J. W. (2009). Organizational Behavior. Mexico City: Cengage Learning.
Hitka, M., Zavadska, Z., Jelacic, D., & Balazova, Z. (2015). Qualitative Indicators of Company Employee Satisfaction and Their Development in a Particular Period of Time. DRVNA INDUSTRIJA, 66(3), 235-239.
Hughes, C., Hwang, B., Kim, J.-H., Eisenman, L., & Killian, D. (1995). Quality of Life in Applied Research: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Measures. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 99(6), 623-641.
ILO. (n.d.). Covid-19 y el Mundo del Trabajo: Punto de Partida, Respuesta y Desafios en Honduras.
IMF. (2020). World Economic Outlook, October 2020: A Long and Difficult Ascent. World Economic Outlook Reports.
IMF. (2021). World Economic Outlook, April 2021: Managing Divergent Recoveries. World Economic Outlook Reports.
INE. (2020). Indicadores Cifras de Pais 2019. Tegucigalpa.
Ivancevich, J. M., Konopaske, R., & Matteson, M. T. (2005). Organizational Behavior and Management. Mexico City: McGraw-Hill.
Madden, G., & Savage, S. J. (2000). Telecommunications and economic growth. International Journal of Social Economics, 27(7/8/9/10), 893–906. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068290010336397
McGregor, L., & Doshi, N. (2020, April 9). How to Keep Your Team Motivated, Remotely. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/04/how-to-keep-your-team-motivated-remotely
Nohria, N., Groysberg, B., & Lee, L.-E. (2008, July 1). Employee Motivation: A Powerful New Model. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2008/07/employee-motivation-a-powerful-new-model
Pohjola, M. (2001). Information Technology, Productivity, and Economic Growth. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199243983.001.0001
Rahman, M. F. (2020). Employee Motivation: The need for Organizational Support to Foster Work-Life Balance. Internaltional Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, Vol.9, Issue 5, 85-94.
Rehman, R., & Ali, M.A. (2013). Is Pay for Performance the Best Incentive for Employees? Journal of Energy Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 4(6), 512-514. Retrieved from https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC148716
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational Behavior. Pearson.
Rooney, E. (2020, June 17). How To Motivate Employees During The Coronavirus Crisis. Square. https://squareup.com/au/en/townsquare/how-to-motivate-employees-covid-19
Rubin, G. (2017). Health Protection: Principles and Practice. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(5), 1722–1723. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx094
Schaffer, B. (2008). Leadership and motivation. Supervision, 69, 6–9.
Schalock, R. (2000). Three Decades of Quality of Life. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 15(2), 116-127.
Tull, M. T., Edmonds, K. A., Scamaldo, K. M., Richmond, J. R., Rose, J. P., & Gratz, K. L. (2020). Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-Home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life | Elsevier Enhanced Reader. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113098
UNDP. (2020). The next frontier human development and the anthropocene. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf
Upadhaya, B., Munir, R., Blount, Y., & Su, S. (2018). Diffusion of corporate social responsibility in the airline industry. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 38(4), 1020–1040. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-10-2015-0638
WHO. (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int
Wiradendi Wolor, C., Solikhah, Dewi, S., & Martono, S. (2020). How to Maintain Employee Motivation Amid the Covid-19 Virus Pandemic. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Volume VIII, Issue 4, 78-86.
World Bank. (2020). Gini index (World Bank estimate)—Honduras | Data. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=HN
World Bank. (2020). Honduras: Panorama general [Text/HTML]. World Bank. https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/honduras/overview
Xanthakis, G. (2019). Motivation Process During the Economic Crisis: The Evidence of Greek Structural Design Engineers. Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 22, 41-51.
Yuping, W. (2018). A Literature Review of Employee Motivation. 6.