摘要
這份研究論文探討了海地不斷擴大的貿易逆差。它調查了貿易逆差的原因及其對國民經濟的影響。該研究使用 1980 年至 2019 年期間提供了對貿易平衡的準確分析。本研究表明，貿易自由化、自然災害和政治不穩定是造成貿易逆差的主要原因。
影響是失業、貨幣貶值和通貨膨脹。它們通過減少工人生產、導致技術工人流失、旅遊業衰退、購買力下降、糧食不安全加劇和貧困來影響經濟。最後，本文提出貿易平衡調整、出口多元化、增加本地生產、減少進口、促進 FDI 和細化
經濟政策作為減少貿易逆差的建議。

Abstract
This research paper explores the widening trade deficit of Haiti by investigating the causes of the
trade deficit and its effects on the country's economy. The period of 1980 to 2019 was used to
present a precise analysis of the trade balance. The findings have shown that trade liberalization,
natural disasters, and political instability are the leading causes of deficit in the trade balance,
leading to unemployment, currency depreciation, and inflation affecting the economy by reducing
workers' production, loss of skilled workers, a decline in the tourism sector, reduction of purchase
powers and food security, and rise in poverty. Lastly, the paper proposes trade balance adjustments,
export diversifications, increase local production, import reduction, boost FDI, and refine
economic policies as recommendations to reduce the trade deficit.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................................... II
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..................................................................................................................................... III
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................................. VI
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 TRADE DEFICIT DEFINITION .................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 STUDY PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................... 4
1.4.1 Research Questions ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.4.2 Objectives........................................................................................................................................ 4
1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY .............................................................................................................. 4
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................................... 5
2.1 EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON THE TRADE DEFICIT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH .................................................... 5
2.1.1 Developed countries ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.1.2 Developing countries ....................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.3 Transition economies ....................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON TRADE DEFICIT CAUSES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY ................................ 7
2.2.1 Causes ............................................................................................................................................. 7
2.2.2 Impact ............................................................................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 11
3.1 RESEARCH PROCEDURE....................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 DATA COLLECTION ............................................................................................................................. 11
3.3 DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................. 11
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................ 12
4.1 HAITI BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 HAITI ECONOMY IN RECENT YEARS..................................................................................................... 13
4.2.1 Gross Domestic Product ................................................................................................................ 13
4.2.2 Agricultural and services sector ..................................................................................................... 14
4.2.3 FDI and Personal remittances ....................................................................................................... 15
4.2.4 Trade Balance ............................................................................................................................... 17
4.3 HAITI'S TRADE POLICY ....................................................................................................................... 18
4.3.1 Haiti Free Trade Agreements (FTA) ............................................................................................... 19
4.4 HAITI'S ONGOING INTERNATIONAL TRADE ........................................................................................... 20
4.5 HAITI'S TRADE PERFORMANCE IN RECENT YEARS ................................................................................. 20
4.5.1 Import in goods ............................................................................................................................. 20
4.5.2 Export in goods ............................................................................................................................. 21
4.6 HAITI'S TRADE DEFICIT COMPARED TO MAIN TRADING PARTNERS ....................................................... 23
4.7 LEADING CAUSES OF HAITI'S TRADE DEFICIT....................................................................................... 24
4.7.1 Trade Liberalization ...................................................................................................................... 24
4.7.2 Natural Disasters........................................................................................................................... 26
4.7.3 Political Instability ........................................................................................................................ 27
4.8 ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF THE TRADE DEFICIT ON HAITI'S ECONOMY .............................................. 29
4.8.1 Advantages of the trade deficit ....................................................................................................... 29
4.8.2 Impacts of the trade deficit ............................................................................................................. 29
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 34
5.1 DISCUSSIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 34
5.2 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................... 36
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS TO REDUCE THE TRADE DEFICIT ........................................................................... 36
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................... 39
APPENDIX ......................................................................................................................................................... 43
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................ 45

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