本研究以2005年至2018年台灣電子製造業廠商為研究對象，衡量研發投入與專利申請數量對廠商生產力與訂價能力的影響，亦建構研發存量、專利存量與加權專利存量，探討創新活動與生產力及訂價能力之關聯，並依廠商規模、研發密度進行分類，分析不同廠商特質為創新活動與訂價能力帶來的影響。本文利用Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) 的估計方法，以Cobb-Douglas形式之生產函數，採用GMM非線性估計法 (Generalized method of moments) 計算廠商生產力與要素投入彈性，並使用De Loecker & Warzynski (2012) 估計模型來衡量訂價能力，接著以工具變數法估計創新活動對生產力及訂價能力之實證模型。實證結果顯示，研發活動及專利行為的投入皆能有效提升廠商生產力，至於對訂價能力之影響，台灣電子製造業中的電子零組件製造業 (26產業)廠商呈現正向顯著效果，在電腦、電子產品及光學製品製造業 (27產業) 的效果則為負向或不顯著。依廠商規模分類下，發現小規模廠商進行研發活動對訂價能力提升效果較大，大規模廠商則藉由專利申請活動與累積專利申請數對自身訂價能力會較有助益。就研發密度層面而言，研發密度低的廠商投入研發活動、專利申請將對訂價能力造成負向效果，而對於高技術廠商，從事研發活動或進行專利申請皆能提高廠商本身訂價能力水平。

This paper analyzes the effect of R&D and patents on firm productivity and firm markups using electronic manufacturing panel data in Taiwan from 2005 to 2018. We also construct R&D stock and patent stock to investigate the relationship between innovation, productivity, and markups level. Furthermore, we examine how firm characteristics affect innovation and firm markups by different firm size or R&D intensity. Following Levinsohn and Petrin’s (2003) method, we adopt GMM (Generalized method of moments) to recover firm productivity and input elasticity with Cobb-Douglas production function. In addition, we use De Loecker and Warzynski’s (2012) model to estimate firm markups. Then we estimate the empirical model by instrument variables (IV) method.

Our empirical results imply that both R&D and patents can improve firm’s productivity efficiently. As of the contribution to firm markups, Industry 26 firms have significant positive effect. However, there is negative effect or non-significant result in Industry 27. Based on firm size, it can be seen that small-sized firms who undertake R&D have stronger positive effect. In contrast, large-sized firms get more benefits by applying patents. In terms of R&D intensity, there is negative effect of R&D and patents on low-intensity firm markups. For high-intensity firm, both R&D and patents can increase the level of firm markups.

摘要 i
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與目的 1
第二節 研究架構與流程 5
第二章 文獻回顧 6
第一節 創新活動對廠商生產力之影響 6
第二節 訂價能力估計與創新活動對訂價能力之影響 9
第三章 實證資料描述 14
第一節 資料來源 14
第二節 變數說明 16
第四章 實證方法與模型 21
第一節 生產力估計方法 21
第二節 訂價能力估計方法 24
第三節 創新活動與廠商生產力、訂價能力實證模型 26
第五章 實證結果探討 27
第一節 衡量廠商生產力與訂價能力 27
第二節 研發活動與生產力、訂價能力之實證結果 29
第三節 專利行為與生產力、訂價能力之實證結果 32
第四節 依廠商特質分類下創新活動與廠商訂價能力之討論 37
第六章 結論與建議 43
第一節 結論 43
第二節 研究限制與建議 44
參考文獻 45
附錄 48

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