在用於5G 毫米波頻段(mmWave)的用戶端(UE)天線設計, 由於短波長的特性讓天線的尺寸較小, 與天線元素為方向性的特性, 若設計用於商用的UE端的天線設計, 只使用單一陣列天線, 對於商用UE設備使用單個陣列天線可能是不夠的。 這是因為裝置的應用環境中的通信信號方向是不可預測的，勢必無法適應日常用戶活動中的各種使用場景。因此，需要多個陣列天線來應對這種使用環境。 本研究以成對的陣列天線架構設計為基礎, 當裝置中有2/4/6個陣列天線時, 考慮使用半功率波束寬度由窄到寬的方向性天線元素, 以陣列幾何(array geometry)的角度進行分析, 藉此確定最佳的陣列幾何組合, 並發展一套描述多對陣列天線裝設於單一UE裝置時的表示法, 藉此描述當有多對陣列天線時所衍伸的數種本研究所定義的架構安排彼此間在功率增益球形覆蓋性能上的差異, 並且在最後我們以3GPP TS 38.101標準針對手持裝置在等效全向輻射功率性能(EIRP)的球形覆蓋上的要求, 綜合分析本研究所考慮的2/4/6-sided架構的設計方案, 並在各架構上給出該使用半功率寬度多少的天線元素, 也給出當有多種符合要求的方案時, 如何進一步該如何取捨會得到比較好的設計.

In the design of antennas for 5G mmWave User Equipment (UE), due to the small size resulting from the short wavelength characteristics, and the directional nature of antenna elements, using a single array antenna for commercial UE devices may not be sufficient. This is because the communication signal directions in the device's application environment are unpredictable, making it unable to adapt to various usage scenarios during everyday user activities. Therefore, multiple array antennas are necessary to address this usage environment. This study is based on the design of paired array antenna architectures. When there are 2/4/6 array antennas in the device, we consider using directional antenna elements with 3dB beamwidth ranging from narrow to wide. From the perspective of array geometry, we analyze and determine the optimal combination of array geometry. Furthermore, we develop a representation method to describe the installation of multiple pairs of array antennas on a single UE device. This method enables us to describe the differences in power gain spherical coverage among several architecture arrangements defined in this study when multiple pairs of array antennas are present. Moreover, in the end, we refer to the 3GPP TS 38.101 standard that outlines the requirements for Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) spherical coverage in handheld devices. We comprehensively analyze the design solutions for the 2/4/6-sided architectures considered in this study. For each architecture, we determine the optimal 3dB beamwidth of the antenna elements and provide guidelines on how to make trade-offs when multiple options meet the requirements. This allows us to achieve the best possible design by selecting from the available solutions that meet the criteria.

ABSTRACT-----1
中文摘要-----2
致謝-----3
CONTENTS-----4
LIST OF FIGURES-----6
LIST OF TABLES-----12
Chapter 1 Introduction-----14
Chapter 2 System Model-----18
2.1 General Uniform Planar Array Model-----18
2.2 Spherical Coverage and Fibonacci Grid-----20
2.3 Beamforming Methods Considered in This Study-----22
2.4 Directional Antenna Element Model-----27
2.4.1 Introduction to Antenna Element-----27
2.4.2 Modified 3GPP Antenna Element Model-----29
Chapter 3 The Multiple Phased Array Antenna Architecture-----35
3.1 The Perspective of Paired Design and its Relationship with Considered Coordinate Systems-----35
3.2 Radiation Pattern Definition of Phased Array Antenna-----41
3.3 Local and Global Coordinate Systems And Single Pair Array Antenna Scenarios-----44
3.4 Two Pairs of Array Antenna Scenarios-----47
3.4.1 Consider 2 Pairs of Array Antennas Different From Each Other-----48
3.4.2 Consider the Same 2 Pairs of Array Antennas-----51
3.5 Three Pairs of Array Antenna Scenarios-----53
3.5.1 Three Pairs Are Square Arrays-----56
3.5.2 Two of Them Are Square arrays-----56
3.5.3 One of Them Is a Square Array-----57
3.5.4 No Square Array-----57
Chapter 4 Numeric Results and Analysis of 2,4,6-sided Multiple Array Architecture-----60
4.1 2-Sided Multiple Array Architecture-----60
4.1.1 Changing Array Antenna Geometry-----60
4.1.2 Comparison of UPA(U) and UPA(D) (2-Sided)-----65
4.2 4-sided Multiple Array Architecture-----68
4.2.1 The Differences Brought about by Architecture Arrangements (4-sided)-----69
4.2.2 Comparison of Different Array Geometry Combinations (4-sided)-----81
4.2.3 Comparison of UPA(U) and UPA(D) (4-sided)-----89
4.3 6-sided Multiple Array Architecture-----93
4.3.1 The Differences Brought about by Architecture Arrangements (6-sided)-----94
4.3.2 Comparison of Different Array Geometry Combinations (6-sided)-----102
4.3.3 Comparison of UPA(U) and UPA(D) (6-sided)-----109
Chapter 5 2,4,6-Sided Architecture Comprehensive Comparison-----114
Chapter 6 Conclusion-----133
References-----136

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