本研究旨在探討帶著嬰兒與嬰兒車上、下公車的動作，期能提出有助於減輕嬰兒車使用者的生理負荷、降低嬰兒掉落風險與縮短上、下車花費的時間之動作策略，以幫助提升旁人的接受度、促進獨力帶著嬰幼兒外出的意願。

首先，為了解帶著嬰兒與嬰兒車搭乘公車的現況，本研究針對144位20~64歲具嬰兒車使用經驗者進行線上問卷調查，以擬定後續模擬實驗的因子水準與評估策略優劣的基準。接著設計一模擬嬰兒車使用者上、下公車的情境之實驗，共招募31位20~30歲（平均年齡22.58歲）的女性參與者，依指示帶著嬰兒車與塑膠製嬰兒娃娃走上和走下一獨立木製階梯與平台，依動作策略（一種自選策略和兩種指定策略）、嬰兒重量（8公斤、11公斤）、階梯類型（高、低），共包含12種情境，實驗總長約200分鐘。過程中以光學式動作追蹤系統蒐集參與者的動作資料和上/下階總花費時間，另以無線藍芽生理回饋儀蒐集其左手肱二頭肌之肌肉活動訊號，並透過人為觀察法記錄嬰兒掉落的失誤次數；每完成一個情境下2次重複試驗後，參與者需填寫一份問卷以評估主觀生理負荷和自覺嬰兒掉落風險。當所有情境都完成後則進行簡短訪談，以了解參與者對於各種策略的偏好及自覺的情境擬真度。

依序利用擷取關鍵影格、主成分分析、集群分析等方法，客觀地將上、下階各分成4種動作策略，接著利用多元羅吉斯迴歸分析及變異數分析發現在不同嬰兒重量、階梯類型間採取各上、下階自選動作策略的比例並無顯著的差異，但階梯類型對於細微的動作特徵有所影響，另依據訪談內容推測，採取不同動作策略可能是個人對於任務表現的偏好所致。最後利用變異數分析並搭配問卷調查結果，分別探討不同上、下階自選動作策略間在各任務表現上的差異，以找出適合不同情境的動作策略：若為未曾帶著嬰兒與嬰兒車搭乘公車者，宜優先採取上階策略四、下階策略四；若為具有相關經驗者，則建議上階時習慣採取策略一或策略二者改採策略四、下階時習慣採取策略一或策略二者改採策略四，其餘則可以維持既有的偏好。

This study aims to investigate the body movements associated with carrying baby and stroller on and off the bus alone, so as to identify motion strategies that help reduce stroller users’ physical workload, baby’s fall risk, and time required to get on and off the bus. In this way, other people’s acceptance can be enhanced, contributing to the stronger willingness of carrying babies outdoors alone.

A questionnaire survey was first conducted with 144 valid samples to investigate common habits and preferences of stroller users, followed by a simulated experiment in the laboratory environment to identify better motion strategies. 31 female participants were recruited to perform a specific motion strategy (including 1 self-determined and 2 specified ones) while carrying a plastic doll (8kg or 11kg) and a stroller to go up and down the wooden stairs (low or high stairs). There are hence a total of 12 scenarios, taking about 200 minutes for each participant. The motion data and the task completion time were measured by an optical motion capture system. Besides, the surface electromyography of the left biceps brachii muscle was collected by NeXus-10 MKII 10. Further, the number of baby falls and near misses were recorded via human observation. As the participant finished the task under a scenario, she filled out a questionnaire about subjective physical workload and perceived baby risk. After the 12 scenarios are completed, a short interview was taken to the individual preference for the motion strategy and the fidelity of experimental setting.

Four motion strategies were identified for either getting on and off a bus based on the results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Besides, there is no significant difference in the percentage that each self-determined motion strategy being adopted either between the 2 levels of baby weights or between the 2 stair types. However, stair type seems to have a minor effect on motion features that define strategies. This could be due to individual preferences for task performances. Finally, through ANOVA along with priorities of evaluation measures determined by the questionnaire survey, it is suggested that novice users should adopt strategy 1 when getting on a bus and adopt strategy 4 when getting off a bus. As for experienced users, those who used to adopt strategy 1 or strategy 2 should change to take strategy 4 instead, whereas others can maintain their original preference.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 IV
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的與範圍 3
1.3 研究架構與流程 4
第二章 文獻回顧 9
2.1 操作目的 10
2.1.1 生理負荷 10
2.1.2 嬰兒安全性 12
2.1.3 上/下車總花費時間 12
2.2 操作方式 13
2.2.1 搬運方式 13
2.2.2 動作策略分析 15
2.3 人物特性 17
2.3.1 嬰兒車使用者特性 17
2.3.2 嬰兒特性 18
2.4 嬰兒車 20
2.5 乘車場景 21
2.5.1 市區單層公車 21
2.5.2 低地板公車 24
2.5.3 離尖峰時段、天氣狀況等其他因子 26
2.6 管理 27
2.6.1 國外規定 27
2.6.2 我國規範 29
2.7 小結 30
第三章 問卷調查 32
3.1 題項設計 32
3.2 填答流程 35
3.3 信度分析 37
3.4 發放及回收 38
3.5 分析方法 39
3.6 問卷結果 40
3.6.1 第一構面：基本資料 40
3.6.2 第二構面：獨力帶著嬰兒與嬰兒車搭乘公車的情境 41
3.6.3 第三構面：帶著嬰兒與嬰兒車搭乘公車的挑戰 46
3.6.4 構面間關聯 49
3.6.5 小結 50
第四章 模擬實驗 51
4.1 實驗設計 51
4.1.1 情境設計 52
4.1.2 任務設計 52
4.1.3 行為反應指標與對應之量測工具 56
4.2 研究參與者 61
4.3 實驗環境 61
4.4 實驗流程 62
4.5 資料分析方法 66
4.5.1 利用關鍵影格初步縮減資料維度 68
4.5.2 以主成分分析定義動作特徵 75
4.5.3 以集群分析區分動作策略 75
4.5.4 以多元羅吉斯迴歸分析情境因素對策略的影響 76
4.5.5 以變異數分析探討情境因素對動作特徵的影響 76
4.5.6 變異數分析之前提假設的檢驗 77
4.5.6 分析情境與策略是否存在交互作用 77
4.5.7 以變異數分析探討不同策略間任務表現的差異 78
第五章 自選動作策略之定義 79
5.1 資料前處理 79
5.2 主成分分析 81
5.2.1 上階動作 82
5.2.2 下階動作 97
5.3 集群分析 116
5.3.1 上階動作 116
5.3.2 下階動作 122
5.4 小結 127
第六章 採取自選動作策略的原因及其對任務的影響 129
6.1 採取自選動作策略的可能原因 129
6.1.1 情境因素對於上、下階自選動作策略的影響 129
6.1.2 情境因素對於上、下階動作特徵的影響 132
6.1.3 小結 140
6.2 採取之動作策略於上、下階任務表現的影響 141
6.2.1 上階自選動作策略對於任務表現的影響 141
6.2.1.1 上階行為的前提假設之檢驗 142
6.2.1.2 上階自選策略與情境因素對於任務表現的影響間之交互作用 144
6.2.1.3 不同上階自選動作策略間在任務表現上的差異 147
6.2.1.4 討論 149
6.2.2 下階自選動作策略對於任務表現的影響 154
6.2.2.1 下階行為的前提假設之檢驗 154
6.2.2.2 下階自選策略與情境因素對於任務表現的影響間之交互作用 156
6.2.2.3 不同下階自選動作策略間在任務表現上的差異 159
6.2.2.4 討論 161
6.2.3 小結 166
第七章 結論 168
7.1 主要發現 168
7.1.1 問卷調查結果 168
7.1.2 自選動作特徵與策略 169
7.1.3 造成動作變異的可能原因 172
7.1.4 動作策略與任務表現的關聯 173
7.2 研究貢獻與可能應用 174
7.3 研究限制與未來方向 175
參考文獻 178
附錄一、嬰兒車使用者之現況調查問卷 188
附錄二、主觀生理負荷與自覺嬰兒不適風險問卷 193
附錄三、國立清華大學研究倫理委員會審查核可證明 194
附錄四、篩選上階主成分3、下階主成分4的離群值 195
附錄五、篩選上階自選動作策略4個變量的離群值 199
附錄六、篩選上階指定動作策略4個變量的離群值 203
附錄七、篩選下階自選動作策略4個變量的離群值 208
附錄八、篩選上階指定動作策略4個變量的離群值 212

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