近年來，隨著加工技術越來越好，加工機也朝高精度發展，在保有加工精度的前提下，增加工具機工作時的穩定性及減低加工時所產生的振動，使得加工品質提升，是目前首要的發展趨勢。目前國內工具機在滑動軌道部分的設計大多採用傳統的滾珠滑軌，而國外已有廠商將工具機的線性移動軌道改用液靜壓滑軌。液靜壓滑軌相較於傳統滾珠滑軌有著幾乎無移動解析度與運作時僅會產生極小的振動等優點，本文將使用一配備液靜壓滑軌之車床進行切削實驗，並使用相同切削參數對比一配備線性滾珠滑軌車床進行分析。
為了更有系統的找出車床切削參數對於加工品質的影響，本研究將使用實驗設計法(Design of Experiments, DOE)中的全因子分析，針對主軸轉速、切削深度、進給量與工件材質，找出影響表面粗糙度最顯著的因子。研究結果發現使用液靜壓滑軌切削平台加工時的振動確實較滾珠滑軌來得小，驗證了液靜壓滑軌確實能夠減少振動，而量測加工完畢的工件表面粗糙度後，也可發現使用液靜壓滑軌的表面粗糙度優於滾珠滑軌。
藉由將液靜壓運用於電腦數值控制車床的切削測試，探討將液靜壓運用在工具機上的成效。希望藉此研究讓台灣工具機產業朝高精度的方向發展。

In recent years, with the machining technique better, the machining tools are also developing towards into high precision. In order to keep the machining accuracy, increase the stability of the machine tools and reduce the vibration generated during machining, let the machining quality improved is the current primary trend. In Taiwan, most of machine tools still use linear ball guideway as linear moving slides, moreover, there are some companies replaced the ball linear guideway to hydrostatics guideway in Europe and Japan. Compared to the linear ball guideway, hydrostatics has lots of advantage, such as scarcely moving resolution and only a little moving vibration while operating. This thesis will do the cutting test with the hydrostatics guideway applied on lathe and use same cutting parameters to compare with the lathe which is with linear ball guideway and analysis the surface accuracy of the work piece.
To find out the effect of cutting parameters for machining quality more systematic, this research will use full factor analysis in DOE method to find out spindle speed, depth of cut, feed rate, material, tool radius which is the most significant factor affecting surface roughness. By comparing the quality of workpiece of linear ball guideway and hydrostatic guideway, investigate the effectiveness of hydrostatic applied on the machine tools. This research hopes to make Taiwan’s machine tool industry develops into high precision.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 X
第一章 序論 1
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 液靜壓軸承原理 5
2.2 精密切削及表面粗糙度 10
2.3 結語 18
第三章 研究方法 19
3.1 研究流程 19
3.2 實驗參數選用 22
3.3 實驗標準流程 22
第四章 液靜壓與滾珠滑軌在傳統車床之切削性能比較 26
4.1 切削平台設計 26
4.1.1 設計流程 26
4.1.2 系統組裝配件 27
4.1.3 切削平台配置 35
4.2 系統架設 37
4.3 馬達初始設定 40
4.4 切削測試 42
4.4.1 滾珠滑軌切削結果 42
4.4.2 液靜壓滑軌切削結果 46
4.4.3 綜合比較 50
第五章 CNC車床之結構改善及切削性能測試 61
5.1 工具機模態分析 61
5.2 振動訊號量測 71
5.3 抑制振動 73
5.4 切削測試 76
第六章 結論 82
6.1 研究成果 82
6.2 未來展望 83
參考文獻 85
附錄 88
A. 衝擊錘校正 88
B. 表面粗度儀校正 97
C. CNC G Codes / M Codes 99
D. 表面狀態 102

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