本研究開發出具有正滲透（Forward osmosis, FO）應用潛力的高通量碳複合薄膜，此薄膜包含以下三層結構：不織布基材、親水支撐層以及低交聯度選擇層。支撐層由經過電漿處理（Plasma treated）的奈米碳管（Carbon nanotubes, CNTs）所構成，刮塗於不織布形成親水pCNT支撐層；選擇層則是透過添加多巴胺（Dopamine, DA）於界面聚合法（Interfacial polymerization, IP）製備出的聚醯胺層（Polyamide, PA），命名為dPA。研究首先比較添加不同濃度DA於IP製程對製備出的PA層形貌、親水性、交聯程度以及FO效能影響；接著比較不同電漿處理功率以及時間對於CNT層形貌、吸水性以及缺陷程度的影響，並研究於其上以IP製程製備之PA層性質；最後結合以上兩種製程，探討製備的碳複合薄膜性質以及應用上的潛力。實驗結果顯示，添加DA於IP製程能夠調控PA層之交聯程度使FO效能提升；電漿處理後的CNT層能夠使親水性提升進而改善於其上合成之PA層性質。最後結合兩者製程所製備出之N-100p1CNT-dPA2薄膜在以1 M氯化鈉作為提取液、去離子水作為進流液的測試條件下，擁有水通量26.38 LMH，逆溶質通量8.54 gMH的表現，證明本研究製備之碳複合薄膜深具FO應用潛力。

This work proposes an innovative route to prepare a high performance carbon-based thin-film composite membrane for forward osmosis（FO）application, which consists of a nonwoven substrate, a hydrophilic supporting layer, and a low cross-linking degree selective layer. The supporting layer is composed of plasma treated carbon nanotubes（CNTs）and designated as pCNT, which is coated on polyethylene terephthalate nonwoven fabric by knife casting. Subsequently the polyamide（PA）selective layer is fabricated by the interfacial polymerization（IP）process with dopamine（DA）additive and is designated as dPA. Firstly, this study compares the effects of different DA additive in IP process. Secondly, effects of pCNT with different treating power and time are compared. Finally, this work combines dPA and pCNT to investigate their effect on FO performance. Results show that DA additive in IP process can control cross-linking degree of PA layer and improves FO performance. In addition, pCNT exhibits higher hydrophilicity compared to CNTs, and improves PA properties. Among all membranes, N-100p1CNT-dPA2 membrane fabricated by combining pCNT and dPA has the best FO performance with the water flux 26.38 LMH and reverse salt flux 8.54 gMH. The results show that the carbon-based composite membrane fabricated in this study has great potential in FO application.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 1
第2章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 薄膜技術簡介 3
2.1.1 薄膜定義 3
2.1.2 薄膜分離程序 5
2.1.3 薄膜型態 8
2.2 複合薄膜簡介與製備方式 11
2.2.1 多孔支撐層製備方式 12
2.2.2 緻密選擇層製備方式 13
2.3 正滲透技術簡介 16
2.3.1 正滲透技術發展歷史 17
2.3.2 正滲透分離原理及應用 17
2.3.3 正滲透關鍵技術與發展瓶頸 20
2.4 奈米碳管簡介 25
2.4.1 奈米碳管結構和性質 25
2.4.2 奈米碳管合成方式 27
2.4.3 水處理薄膜研究中的奈米碳管應用 28
2.5 本實驗室於正滲透薄膜研究回顧 31
第3章 實驗方法與分析 33
3.1 實驗步驟與流程 34
3.1.1 基材膜製備 35
3.1.2 電漿親水處理 35
3.1.3 聚醯胺選擇層合成 36
3.2 分析方式與設備 38
3.2.1 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 38
3.2.2 穿透式電子顯微鏡 38
3.2.3 原子力顯微鏡 39
3.2.4 接觸角量測儀 40
3.2.5 X射線光電子能譜儀 41
3.2.6 拉曼光譜儀 41
3.2.7 正滲透效能測試系統 42
第4章 結果與討論 46
4.1 奈米碳管層刮塗於不織布層之可行性 46
4.1.1 SEM表面形貌分析 46
4.2 界面聚合法與界面聚合法添加多巴胺比較 48
4.2.1 SEM表面形貌分析。 48
4.2.2 AFM表面粗糙度分析 50
4.2.3 WCA水接觸角分析 51
4.2.4 XPS鍵結分析 52
4.2.5 FO效能分析 56
4.3 奈米碳管層之電漿處理參數影響 58
4.3.1 SEM表面形貌分析 58
4.3.2 TEM分析 62
4.3.3 AFM表面粗糙度分析 63
4.3.4 WCA水接觸角分析 65
4.3.5 Raman分析 69
4.3.6 XPS鍵結分析 71
4.3.7 FO效能分析 76
4.4 電漿處理奈米碳管層結合界面聚合法添加多巴胺分析 78
4.4.1 SEM表面形貌分析 78
4.4.2 AFM表面粗糙度分析 80
4.4.3 WCA水接觸角分析 80
4.4.4 XPS鍵結分析 82
4.4.5 FO效能分析 85
4.5 碳複合薄膜之正滲透效能分析 87
4.5.1 A、B、S值 87
4.5.2 提取液濃度對薄膜性能影響 88
第5章 結論 92
參考文獻 94

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