氣泡萃取技術運用了冒泡現象，從液體樣品中提取有機揮發物質。為引發冒泡現象，以氮氣對液體樣品進行加壓(約150 kPa)，隨後迅速降壓。在這項研究中，為開發一可攜式分析平台進行就地有機揮發物於液體樣品的分析，我們耦合了氣泡萃取技術與商用離子遷移譜模組。此耦合平台氣泡萃取-離子遷移譜儀的儀器大小、形狀相似於典型航空餐飲推車。此系統的操作是由許多低成本電子零件(一個單板電腦、兩個微型控制板、繼電器板、六個降壓器、一壓力控制器、一電磁閥、一夾管閥)建立的。此系統可做為萃取步驟、資料提取、處理、傳送至雲端平台存取。客製化使用者圖像介面可讓使用者選擇操作模式：全光譜模式、離子強度剖面圖模式、清理模式。此介面允許使用者跟隨分析過程、最終結果呈現、並上傳到雲端。此系統的方法確效是由三個標準品建立：乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯和丁酮；最低偵測極限分別為乙酸乙酯：4.5110-8 M、乙酸丙酯：2.7410-8 M、丁酮：1.26×10-7 M。此外，系統也演示在真實樣品的分析上(飲料及酒精飲品)。

Fizzy extraction (FE) is a technique that utilizes the effervescence phenomenon to extract volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from liquid matrices for subsequent analysis. To induce effervescence, a liquid sample is first pressurized (at ~ 150 kPa) with an extractant gas (here, nitrogen), and then rapidly depressurized. In this work, we combine an in-house-built FE system with a commercial ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) module in order to develop a portable analytical platform for in situ analysis of VOCs in liquid samples. The size and shape of the FE-IMS platform are similar to those of a typical airline catering trolley. Its operation is enabled by several low-cost electronic components (a single-board computer, two microcontroller boards, a relay board, six DC-DC converters, a pressure regulator, a solenoid valve, and a pinch valve). The platform can carry out the extraction procedure as well as acquire, process, and transmit the data to a cloud-storage service. A custom-designed graphical user interface allows the user to select one of the available operation modes: full spectrum mode, ion current profile mode, and cleaning mode. The interface also allows one to follow the analysis progress, display the final result, and upload it to the Internet cloud. The platform has been characterized using three standards: ethyl acetate, ethyl propanoate, and butanone; and their limits of detection are 4.51×10-8 M, 2.74×10-8 M, and 1.26×10-7 M, respectively. Furthermore, its ability to analyze real samples (alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages) has been demonstrated.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
謝誌 iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Tables v
List of Figures vi
List of Acronyms ix
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Volatile organic compounds 1
1.2 Extraction and sampling techniques 2
1.2.1 Liquid-liquid extraction 2
1.2.2 Solid-phase extraction 3
1.2.3 Solid-phase microextraction 4
1.2.4 Static and dynamic headspace sampling method 5
1.3 Ion mobility spectrometry 6
1.3.1 Ionization techniques in ion mobility spectrometry 8
1.3.2 Drift tube ion mobility spectrometry 13
1.3.3 Hyphenated IMS 14
1.4 Electronic control 16
1.4.1 Microcontroller board 16
1.4.2 Single-board computer 17
1.5 Portable instrumentation and in-situ analysis 18
1.6 Goals of the study 19
Chapter 2: Portable Fizzy Extraction Ion Mobility Spectrometry Analyzer 20
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Experimental section 22
2.2.1 Coupling fizzy extraction with ion-mobility spectrometry 22
2.2.2 Steps in FE process and cleaning flow lines 25
2.2.3 IMS settings 26
2.2.4 Power supply 26
2.2.5 Data treatment during optimization and characterization 28
2.2.6 Data acquisition, transmission, and treatment 31
2.2.7 Chemicals and samples 35
2.3 Results and discussions 36
2.3.1 Operation of the FE-IMS platform 36
2.3.2 Characterization of the FE-IMS platform 40
2.3.3 Application of the FE-IMS platform in analysis of real samples 44
2.4 Conclusions 46
Chapter 3: Conclusions and Future Perspectives 47
References 48
Appendix 1 63

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