側向流量層析檢測法 (Lateral flow assay, LFA) 為便攜式一次性使用診斷裝置，不僅操作簡單快速、成本低廉且容易判讀，亦可定性或半定量檢測目標分子，目前已被廣泛應用於許多領域之中，如居家檢測 (Home testing)、驗孕測試及感染疾病的預防等。現今側向流量層析檢測法的發展與應用性不斷提升，卻受限僅適用於大分子 (如蛋白質及核酸) 的檢測，而無法針對不具相對應的生物識別分子之酶活性和小分子進行監測。因此，我們發展出可調控式結合生物素探針 (Affinity-switchable biotin probe, ASB probe)，並以奈米金為顯色載體，利用生物素與抗生物素蛋白的結合，對小分子及酶的活性進行偵測。於本研究中，我們透過在人類尿液及胎牛血清中監測多種小分子 (氟離子、NADH、過氧化氫、葡萄糖及乙醇) 以及酶活性 (Nitroreductase)，以證明ASLFA的可行性。我們期許這個策略可被廣泛並且普及化應用於醫學及生物研究領域的即時診斷及快速篩檢。

Lateral flow assay (LFA) has been a portable diagnostic tool in many important fields where simple, rapid, low-cost and on-site detection is required, for applications such as home testing, pregnancy tests and infectious disease prevention. Nowadays, the development and applicability of LFA are generally used for the testing of proteins, nucleic acids and other macromolecules. However, the existing LFA approach is not applicable for the rapid testing of enzyme activities and small molecules without the corresponding binding partner. In this thesis, we introduce a generic affinity-switchable lateral flow assay (ASLFA) which is based on the switchable binding between the affinity-switchable biotin (ASB) probe and (strept)avidin protein. The ASLFA approach was demonstrated by testing small reactive molecules (F-, NADH, H2O2, Glucose and Ethanol) and activity of enzyme (Nitroreductase) in human urine and serum. We believe that this novel ASLFA approach will be widely used for rapid detection in basic biological research and medical diagnosis.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
謝誌 III
目錄 VI
著作列表 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 小分子介紹 1
1-2 傳統小分子檢測方法 2
1-2.1 高效液相層析法 2
1-2.2 質譜分析法 3
1-2.3 酵素結合免疫吸附法 3
1-3 快速篩檢的發展 5
1-3.1 微型化電化學傳感器 5
1-3.2 比色法 6
1-3.3 試紙法的技術與發展 7
第二章 文獻回顧 9
2-1 氟化物之檢測 9
2-1.1 離子選擇電極 (Ion Selective Electrode, ISE) 10
2-1.2 螢光感測器 (Fluorescence Chemical Probes) 11
2-1.3 試紙分析技術 (Test Strip-based Colorimetric Sensor) 13
2-2 生物小分子NADH之檢測 15
2-3 硝基還原酶之檢測 18
2-4 過氧化氫 (H2O2) 之檢測 19
2-4.1 螢光感測器 (Fluorescence Chemical Probes) 20
2-4.2 比色感測器 (Colorimetry Sensor) 21
2-4.3 試紙分析技術 (Test Strip-based Colorimetric Sensor) 22
2-5 葡萄糖之檢測 23
2-5.1 酶檢測法 24
2-5.2 非酶檢測法 25
第三章 探針的構想與設計 27
3-1 生物素與抗生物素 27
3-1.1 籠閉生物素探針 28
3-2 探針設計 31
第四章 結果與討論 32
4-1 探針AUNP-ASB-F於LFA檢測氟離子之探討 32
4-1.1 探針AuNP-ASB-F偵測氟離子 34
4-1.2 探針AuNP-ASB-F偵測NADH及NTR 38
4-2 探針AUNP-ASB-H2O2於LFA檢測過氧化氫之探討 43
4-2.1 探針AuNP-ASB-H2O2偵測過氧化氫 44
4-2.2 探針AuNP-ASB-H2O2偵測葡萄糖 49
4-2.3 探針AuNP-ASB-H2O2偵測乙醇 56
第五章 結論 59
第六章 實驗部分 60
6-1 實驗藥品與器材 60
6-2側向流量層析實驗藥品配製方法及試紙製備 60
6-2.1 奈米金粒子 (AuNPs) 製備 60
6-2.2 探針ASB-F結合奈米金粒子製備 61
6-2.3 抗體 (Mouse IgG, Ab1) 結合奈米金粒子製備 61
6-2.4 探針AuNPs-ASB-F測試條件 61
6-2.5 探針ASB-H2O2結合奈米金粒子製備 62
6-2.6 探針AuNPs-ASB-H2O2測試條件 63
參考文獻 65
附錄 73

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