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作者(中文):邱薇如
作者(外文):Chiu, Wei-Ru
論文名稱(中文):以歷史對話幫助十年級學生理解 「力與運動」概念之研究
論文名稱(外文):Helping Tenth Graders Understand Force and Motion Concepts Through the Use of Dialogues with History
指導教授(中文):巫俊明
指導教授(外文):Wu, Chun-Ming
口試委員(中文):蘇宏仁
蔡樹旺
口試委員(外文):Su, Hung-Jen
Tsai, Shu-Wang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立清華大學
系所名稱:數理教育研究所
學號:107198513
出版年(民國):109
畢業學年度:109
語文別:中文
論文頁數:113
中文關鍵詞:歷史對話力與運動概念改變科學史
外文關鍵詞:historical dialogueforce and motionconceptual changehistory of science
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本研究主要探討歷史對話教學幫助十年級學生學習「力與運動」概念的成效,並分析目前十年級學生在「力與運動」概念上的現況。研究對象為新竹縣區域高中四個班的十年級學生,以隨機分配其中兩班為實驗組(N=70)進行歷史對話教學,另外兩班控制組(N=68)進行一般教學。研究工具為「力與運動二段式診斷測驗」。研究結果顯示:1.參與本研究的十年級學生在「力與運動」的概念,除「運動學」外,其餘(接觸力、超距力、牛頓三大運動定律)均明顯不足,同時存有許多迷思概念。這些迷思概念包括:「靜止的物體不受摩擦力」、「外力大於摩擦力方能使物體運動」、「自由落體的速度與受力成正比」、「等速運動的物體所受合力必沿運動方向」、「物體作圓周運動蘊含圓形慣性力」、「圓周運動的物體受離心力作用」、「拋體失去水平力後會垂直落下」、「物體速度與外力成正比」、「物體有加速度代表受力增加」、「作用力與反作用力即使物體分開仍持續作用」、「質量較大者、主動者施力較大」、「運動狀態明顯的物體受力較大」;2.不論是歷史對話教學或一般教學,均無法使參與本研究的十年級學生在「力與運動」概念上有顯著成長,且歷史對話教學對於促進十年級學生「力與運動」概念改變的成效,並無顯著優於一般教學,但歷史對話教學與一般教學皆能幫助學生的「力與運動」概念朝向正向的方向發展;3.歷史對話教學對不同成就的學生學習「力與運動」概念並無顯著差異;4.教師進行歷史對話教學需有合理與充分的教學時間,並精心設計符合學生的概念發展且能提升學生學習動機的歷史對話教材與教學,如此才能彰顯歷史對話的成效。最後根據研究結論提出具體建議,供未來有意進行歷史對話教學之研究者及現職教師參考。
This study mainly explores the effectiveness of use dialogues of history in helping tenth grade students to learn the concept of “force and motion”, and analyze the current status of the tenth grade students in the concept of “force and motion”. The subjects were tenth grade students from four classes in a high school. The four classes were randomly assigned as the experimental group (N=70) for dialogues of history teaching, and the other two classes in the control group (N=68) were for general teaching. The collected quantitative data is scores of “two-tier diagnostic test of force and motion”. The results indicate that: (a) The tenth grade students participating in this study have obvious misconcepts of “force and motion” (contact force, force at a distance, and Newton's three laws of motion)except for “kinematics”. These misconceptions include: “Static objects are not subject to friction”, “The external force is greater than the friction force to make the object move”, “The speed of a freely falling body is direct proportional to the force”, “The external force of an object moving at a constant speed must follow the direction of motion”, “Circular motion of an object contains circular inertial force”, “Objects in circular motion are subjected to centrifugal force”, “The projectile will fall vertically after losing its horizontal force”, “The speed of the object is proportional to the external force”, “The acceleration of an object means an increase in force”, “Force and reaction force continue to work even if the object is separated, “Those with greater mass and those with initiative exert greater force”, “Obviously moving objects are subject to greater force”. (b) Neither dialogue of history teaching nor general teaching can make the tenth grade students participating in this study have a significant increase in the concept of "force and motion", and dialogue of history teaching is not significantly better than general teaching in promoting the change of the concept of "force and motion" in grade ten students. However, both dialogue of history teaching and general teaching can help students develop the concept of "force and motion" in a positive direction. (c) Dialogue of history teaching has no significant difference in the concept of “force and motion” for students with different achievements. (d) Teachers need to have reasonable and sufficient teaching time for dialogues of history teaching, and carefully design dialogues of history teaching material and teaching that conform to students' conceptual development and can enhance student's learning motivation, so as to highlight the efficiency of dialogues of history. Finally, the suggestions for future research and the implications of the results were discussed.
目 次
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與待答問題 3
第三節 名詞釋義 4
第四節 研究範圍與限制 4
第貳章 文獻探討 7
第一節 科學史與科學教學 7
第二節 力與運動的相關研究 18
第三節 概念改變 24
第參章 研究方法 31
第一節 研究設計與研究流程 31
第二節 研究情境與研究對象 32
第三節 教學設計 34
第四節 研究工具 46
第五節 資料收集與分析 50
第肆章 結果與討論 53
第一節 十年級學生「力與運動」概念現況分析 53
第二節 歷史對話促進十年級學生「力與運動」概念改變的成效 55
第三節 歷史對話對不同成就十年級學生「力與運動」概念改變的成效 64
第伍章 結論與建議 67
第一節 結論 67
第二節 建議 68
參考文獻 69
附錄一 力與運動二段式診斷測驗 76
附錄二 「力與運動」歷史對話教材 82
附錄三 「力與運動」歷史對話教學活動設計 96
附錄四 「力與運動」授課指引之重點提示 109

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