老化為一種自然的生理及心理現象，但隨著老化產生，幸福感卻日漸降低。如何達到「正向老化」與高齡者的日常活動、生理及心理狀態息息相關。
高齡者隨著身體機能的控制受限，需要照顧者輔助日常生活，其中以清潔沐浴輔助的需求最高，但此需求施行頻率或滿意度皆鮮少被滿足。高齡者的沐浴品質受限於照顧者可提供的資源，藉由運用清潔沐浴輔具可降低照顧者的人力負擔、提升高齡者受照顧的頻率及品質，給高齡者有尊嚴且舒適的沐浴照顧。
本研究透過比較研究法之描述、詮釋、並列及比較流程，探討先期技術之自動化清潔沐浴輔具的設計概念如何與正向老化的心理及生理要素相呼應，並提出一種完整考量正向老化生理及心理要素層面所建構的自動化清潔沐浴輔具流程。
正向老化要素構面，包括（一）生理層面，如生理健康指數良好、活力良好及生活習慣良好等；（二）心理層面，如人際關係良好、自我認同良好、生活品質良好、自主參與生活、促進正向情緒的資源等。
本研究經展開輔具之使用功能及操作流程，連結輔具功能及正向老化要素之關係，進行分析後發現，符合正向老化概念的清潔沐浴輔助方式為提供被照顧者良好的清潔力、使被照顧者感到幸福及放鬆、使私密部完整覆蓋、採用舒適與保暖材料、減少被照顧者與照顧者體力損耗、防傾倒與操作危安防護、使被照顧者有限度自主操控、簡單操作具備流程提示、易於清潔管理、安裝簡單且低耗能。

Gerontology is broadening its perspective to a more robust view that includes successful aging, which is related to older adults’ daily activities and physical-psychological health, for the avoidance of happy decreasing. Individuals who become “frailty” as they age seek support to meet their needs, especially bathing and hygiene. However, care receivers have less satisfaction with bathing quality and frequency, which is determined by caring resources and modes the caregiver provides. Assistive technologies aim at reducing caregiver’s burden as well as improving care receivers’ self-esteem so that high-quality bathing care can be realized.
This study adopts the comparative method, by the process of description–interpretation–juxtaposition–comparison, to explore the relationship between the design principle of automatic bathing/hygiene assistive devices and the physiological and psychological key factors of positive aging theories. Then an automatic bathing/hygiene assistive process considering positive aging is proposed.
Key factors of positive aging in the physiological dimension include positive physical health, good vitality, and healthy habits and regime. Key factors of positive aging in the psychological dimension include good interpersonal relationships, positive self-efficacy, good life quality, perceived autonomy with life satisfaction, and positive emotions.
The principles of design to automatic bathing/hygiene assistive process which adopting positive aging factors should be providing complete cleaning solutions, making care receiver feel happy and relaxed, making private area covered, using comfortable and thermal material for protection, making bathing less strenuous, considering fall prevention, giving care receiver (partial) self-control, simple operation and easy-to-follow instruction, considering sanitary management, and simple installation with low consumption of energy, water and supplies.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節、研究背景 1
第二節、研究目的 9
第三節、名詞解釋 10
第貳章 文獻回顧 12
第一節、正向老化 12
第二節、沐浴清潔 22
第三節、自動化清潔沐浴輔具 24
第參章 研究設計 59
第一節、研究架構 59
第二節、研究方法 60
第三節、研究工具 61
第肆章 研究結果 62
第一節、正向老化要素並列分析 62
第二節、自動化清潔沐浴輔具並列分析 68
第三節、正向老化與自動化清潔沐浴輔具比較分析 77
第伍章 討論與建議 87
第一節、研究發現 87
第二節、研究貢獻與實務建議 91
第三節、研究限制與建議 93
參考文獻 94

アビリティーズ・ケアネット株式会社（2016）。電動昇降式入浴装置–P220。 http://www.abilities.jp/fukushi_kaigo_kiki/fukusiyougu/bath/nyouyoku–system/301136
エア・ウォーター株式会社（2020）. 「NB2500」リクライニング式シャワー入浴装置。 https://www.awi.co.jp/business/medical/welfare/viami.html
オージー技研株式会社（2018）。入浴装置。專利編號 JP2018–80892A。日本；日本國特許聽。
丁相元（2020）。人機交互之安全性:基於機器人相關標準概念和實現（博士論文）。國立臺灣大學機械工程學研究所學位論文，1–122。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202003932
上海鐳芯微電子有限公司（2015）。一種集成式洗浴機器人洗浴房系統。專利編號 CN 104631870A。中國大陸，中華人民共和國國家知識產權局。
上銀科技股份有限公司（2018）。醫療設備/綜合型錄。4 – 7。 https://www.hiwin.my/download/tech_doc/me/Medical_Equipment（C）.pdf
大心生物科技（2020）。智能成人尿布產品介紹。https://daxin–bio.com/pro/
內政統計通報（2018）。內政部統計處，107年第41週107年10月13日通報。 https://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/news_detail.aspx?sn=14936
王大華、佟雁、周麗清、申繼亮（2004）。親子支持對老年人主觀幸福感的影響機制。心理學報，36（1），78–82。
王本正、吳文智、孫銓（2017）以整合型科技接受模式探討高齡者對於照護型機器人之接受度。福祉科技與服務管理學刊，5（2），109–120。
古博文、陳上迪、孫文榮、陳俐蓉（2020）。高齡者靜態行為與憂鬱症狀之文獻回顧。中華心理學刊，62（2），151–170。https://doi.org/10.6129/CJP.202006_62(2).0003
行政院（2020）。108年家庭收支調查統計表第二十八表–家庭戶數按戶內人口規模別之分配。行政院主計總處。https://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/a11.asp?year=108
吳志文、葉光輝（2020）。代間依附關係與其對老年生活適應的效果：以成年子女孝道信念與關係自主性作為前置因素。中華心理學刊，62（1），1–29。https://doi.org/10.6129/CJP.202003_62(1).0001
李百麟（2009）。高齡者之生活滿意度與成功老化各因素關係之探討。危機管理學刊，6（2），25–38。https://doi.org/10.6459/JCM.200909_6(2).0003
李宗育、陸鳳屏、詹鼎正（2014）。老年人跌倒之危險因子、評估、及預防。內科學誌，25（3），137–142。
杜淑文、陳小妮、黃淑鶴（2015）。運用創新「活動式浴床」改善末期居家病人洗澡方式與洗澡舒適度。護理雜誌，62（3），74–82。https://doi.org/ 10.6224/JN.62.3S.74。
林朝森（2014）。中華民國老人福利推動聯盟。老盟盟訊，42。
林麗惠（2012）。活躍老化指標建構及其對老人教育政策之啟示。成人及終身教育學刊，19，77–111。
林素琴、林志勳（2017）。我國住宅部門用電使用研究。臺灣能源期刊，4（3），285–302。
林麗嬋、歐美、吳肖琪（1997）。長期照護中主要照顧者之家庭功能、社會支持與情緒。護理研究，5（1），77–87。https://doi.org/ 10.7081/NR.199702.0077。
吳柏翰、葉乃菁、林正常（2010）。全身性振動伸展訓練對女性高齡者關節活動度之影響。大專體育學刊，12（3），88–97。
徐慧娟（2003）。成功老化: 老年健康的正向觀點。社區發展季刊，103，252–260。
酒井医疗株式会社（2016）。沐浴装置。專利編號CN 105266689 A。中國大陸，中華人民共和國國家知識產權局。
酒井医疗株式会社（2018a）. Super Radali スーパーラダリバス RAL–300R /RAL–300L. https://www.sakaimed.co.jp/bath/supine–bathing/superradalibath/
酒井医疗株式会社（2018b）。シャワー入浴装置PAO PAO–220。 https://www.sakaimed.co.jp/bath/supine–bathing/pao/
高旭繁、許淑華（2014）。從正向心理學的觀點看臺灣初老期民眾的老化調適。應用心理研究，60，115–159。
高強華、鄭芬蘭（2000）。自動化Automaticity名詞解釋。國家教育研究院–雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網。 https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1305130/
國立勤益科技大學（2016）。坐立兩用淋浴系統。專利編號 TW M534316U。中華民國，中華民國智慧財產局。
國家發展委員會（2020）。中華民國人口推估–2020至2070年。國家發展委員會之報告，（編號：（109）017.0804），12。
張彥中、劉清益（2017）。臺灣服務型機器人產業發展概況。機械工業雜誌，412，60–67。
莊育冠、林佩芬（2006）。沐浴失能老人之沐浴服務模式的發展。長期照護雜誌，10（3），279–295。
許玉霜、林家興、許鶯珠（2016）。老人常見的心理問題及其諮商意涵：生態系統取向觀點。輔導季刊，52（4），28–38。
陳明聰、鄭如意、陳政見（2007）。錄音口語提示協助極重度智能障礙成人獨立洗澡成效之研究。特殊教育與復健學報，17，73 – 87。https://doi.org/ 10.6457BSER.200706.0073
陳秉華、黃奕暉（2019）。諮商心理師對安寧病人的整全照護。中華心理學刊，61（4），393 – 415。https://doi.org/ 10.6129/CJP.201912_61(4).0007
陳品元、李玉春、陳雅美（2017）。家庭照顧者之正、負向照顧經驗與健康相關生活品質關係探討。長期照護雜誌，21（3），285–302。https://doi.org/ 10.6317/LTC.21.285。
陸洛、高旭繁（2016）。正向老化之概念內涵及預測因子：一項對臺灣高齡者的縱貫研究。醫務管理期刊，17（4），267–288。
惠州市衡福瑞電子有限公司（2017）。癱瘓病人自動洗澡系統。專利編號 CN 106974576A。中國大陸，中華人民共和國國家知識產權局。
曾孆瑾（2005）。從老年的家庭照顧支持系統思考高齡者人口照顧問題。社區發展季刊。100，264 – 283。
飯島勝矢（2018）。輔助科技在高齡者照護應用－日本觀點與現況。福祉科技與服務管理學刊，6（2），179–192。https://doi.org/ 0.6283/JOCSG.201807_6(2).179
黃阿惠（2006）。某護理之家沐浴程序改善專案。長期照護雜誌，10（3），257 – 268。
黃素妃、 王寶英（2016）。長照機構失智患者身體攻擊行為之分析。長期照護雜誌，20（1），53 – 70。
奧績技研有限公司（2019）。坐姿護理沐浴 HK–8100 / HK 8150。https://www.og–wellness.com/cn/products/catalog/TUTTI/html5.html#page=1
楊麗瓊、王麒嘉、林俐君、劉雅云、廖淑貞、鄒怡真（2018）。拋棄式擦澡巾提升重症病人床上擦澡成效之實證臨床應用。榮總護理，35（2），145–151。https://doi.org/10.6142VGHN.201806_35(2).0004
經濟部（2020）。2020/2021產業技術白皮書。經濟部技術處。ISBN：978–986–5442–39–2。
https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/doit/publication/Publication.aspx?menu_id=13400&pub_id=5981
葉明莉（2016），應用機器人於高齡照護的倫理考量。領導護理，17（4），13–20。
葉明勳、陳碩菲（2019）。宜蘭地區老人主觀幸福感與自覺健康之調查研究兼論長照2.0社區照顧關懷據點的影響。發展與前瞻學報，25，81 – 101。https://doi.org/10.6737/JDP.201909_(25).05
寧波市普力升工貿有限公司（2015）。一種洗澡機。專利編號 CN 104887125A。中國大陸，中華人民共和國國家知識產權局。
廖珍娟（2003）。發展支持性照護在臨床之應用–以早產兒洗澡為例。護理雜誌，50（4），23 – 28。https://doi.org/ 10.6224/JN.50.4.23
趙懋武、謝嫣娉、葉怡嘉、蔡玉純、張世杰（2015）。長期照顧機構照服員生活滿意度與工作中輔具使用之關聯性探討。若瑟醫護雜誌，9（1），7–19。https://doi.org/10.30145/STJHMNJ
廣東省醫療器械研究所（2003）。一種人體淋浴裝置。專利編號 CN 2540895Y。中國大陸，中華人民共和國國家知識產權局。
慶生健康管理顧問（2020）。阿嫂智能排泄處理機器人產品介紹。 https://www.ai–supporter.com/
樗木晶子、長弘千恵、金明煥、小車莉絵子、福田直行、中田亜希子、香川智啓 & 長家智子（2004）。入浴における呼吸・循環動態の変化の違い─高齢者と若年者の比較。九州大学医学部保健学科紀要，40（1），19 – 26。
衛生福利部（2018）。老人長期照顧、安養機構概況。衛生福利部統計處。https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOS/lp–2977–113.html
衛生福利部（2020）。國情統計通報。行政院主計總處綜合統計處。第056號。
衛生福利部國民健康署（2018）。民國一百零四年中老身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查成果報告。衛生福利部國民健康署監測研究。153。
戴佳惠、尤麗瑜、徐菡妤、盧佳文、陳惠蘭（2019）。比較床上沐浴方式對於重症病人體溫及心跳之影響：前驅試驗。志為護理–慈濟護理雜誌，18（6），63–74。
魏聰哲（2015）。淺析日本醫療照護機器人之技術與政策。經濟前瞻，159，93–99。https://doi.org/10.30071/EOB
Adick, C. (2018). Bereday and Hilker: origins of the ‘four steps of comparison’ model. Comparative Education, 54(1), 35 - 48.
Almeida, O., Norman, P., Hankey, G., Jamrozik, K., & Flicker, L. (2006). Successful mental health aging: results from a longitudinal study of older Australian men. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official. Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(1), 27 - 35.
Amabrush GMBH. (2019). Device for cleaning teeth. Publication: US2019/0282348 A1. USA, United States Patent Application Publication.
Amabrush GMBH. (2020). The 10 - second toothbrush. http://www.amabrush.com/
AMANO Co., Ltd. (2020). エチュードetude Mist Shower Booth - SBS2300R. https://www.amano-grp.co.jp/products/shower-nyuyoku/etude_r/index.html
Andrew, S., & Jane, W. (2005). Positive affect and biological function in everyday life. Neurobiological of Aging, 26, 108 - 112.
Automation for Humanity Ltd. (2020). Automatic Shower. https://www.sitnshower.com/
Baltes, P., & Baltes, M. (1990). Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences. UK: Cambridge University Press. 1 - 35.
Barrick, A. L., & Rader, J. (2008). General guidelines for bathing persons with dementia. In A. L. Barrick, J. Rader, B. Hoeffer, P. D. Sloane, & S. Biddle (Eds.), Bathing without a battle: Person - directed care of individuals with dementia., 2nd ed. Springer Publishing Co. 17 - 21.
Beach, S., Schulz, R., Downs, J,. Matthews, J., Barron, B., & Seelman, K. (2009). Disability, age, and informational privacy attitudes in quality of life technology applications: Results from a national web survey . ACM Transitions on Accessible Computing, 2, 1 - 21.
Bech, P., Gudex, C., & Staehr, J. K. (1996). The WHO (Ten) Well - Being Index: validation in diabetes. Psychother Psychosom, 65, 183 - 190.
Beckner, V., Howard, I., Vella, L., & Mohr, D. (2009). Telephone - administered psychotherapy for depression in MS patients: moderating role of social support. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 33, 47 - 59.
Beedholm, K., Frederiksen, K., & Lomborg, K. (2016). What Was (Also) at Stake When a Robot Bathtub Was Implemented in a Danish Elder Center. Qualitative Health Research, 26, 1424 - 1433.
Belloc, N., & Breslow, L. (1972). Relationship of physical health status and health practices. Preventive medicine, 1(3), 409 - 21.
Bowling, A., & Dieppe, P. (2005). What is successful ageing and who should define it? BMJ : British Medical Journal, 331, 1548 - 1551.
Chan, M., Campo, E., Estève, D., & Fourniols, J. Y. (2009). Smart homes - current features and future perspectives . Maturitas, 64, 90 - 97.
Cheng, S. T. (2004). Age and Subjective Well - Being Revisited: A Discrepancy Perspective. Psychology and Aging, 19(3), 409 - 415.
Cuddy, A.J., Wilmuth, C.A., & Carney, D.R. (2012). The Benefit of Power Posing Before a High-Stakes Social Evaluation. Harvard Business School Working Paper No.13 - 027
Cui, X.J., & Vaillant, G.E. (1996). Antecedents and consequences of negative life events in adulthood: a longitudinal study. The American journal of psychiatry, 153(1), 21 - 6.
Deci, E., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B., & Leone, D. (1994). Facilitating internalization: the self-determination theory perspective. Journal of personality, 62(1), 119 - 42.
Decker, M. (2008). Caregiving robots and ethical reflection: The perspective of interdisciplinary technology assessment. Artificial Intelligence & Society, 22, 315 - 330.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542 - 575.
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34 - 43.
Diener, E., & Chan, M.Y. (2010). Happy People Live Longer: Subjective Well-Being Contributes to Health and Longevity. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 3(1), 1 - 43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758 - 0854.2010.01045.x
Dometios, A.C., Tsiami, A., Arvanitakis, A., Giannoulis, P., Papageorgiou, X., Tzafestas, C., & Maragos, P. (2017). Integrated Speech-based Perception System for User Adaptive Robot Motion Planning in Assistive Bath Scenarios. 1 - 7.
Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: Norton.
Erikson, E. H. (1966). Eight ages of man. International, Journal of psychiatry, 2(3), 281 - 307.
Estebsari, F., Dastoorpoor, M., RahimiKhalifehkandi, Z., Nouri, A., Mostafaei, D., Hosseini, M., Esmaeili, R., & Aghababaeian, H. (2020). The Concept of Successful Aging: A review article. Current aging science, 12, 4 - 10
European Commission (2012). Demography, active ageing and pensions. Belgium: European Commission.
Fang, M., Chen, J., Guo, L., & Ma, X. (2019). Gender Differences in Geriatric Depressive Symptoms in Rural China: The Role of Physical Housing Environments and Living Arrangements. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16.
Ferrans, C., & Powers, M. (1985). Quality of life index: development and psychometric properties. Advances in Nursing Science, 8, 15 - 24.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R., Pimley, S., & Novacek, J. (1987). Age differences in stress and coping processes. Psychology and aging, 2(2), 171 - 84.
Foroushani, A.R., Estebsari, F., Mostafaei, D., Ardebili, H.E., Shojaeizadeh, D., Dastoorpour, M., Jamshidi, E., & Taghdisi, M.H. (2014). The Effect of Health Promoting Intervention on Healthy Lifestyle and Social Support in Elders: A Clinical Trial Study. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 16(8), e18399.
Foster, L., & Walker, A. (2015). Active and successful aging: a European policy perspective. The Gerontologist, 55(1), 83 - 90. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu028 PMID:24846882
Fredman, L., Hawkes, W. G., Black, S., Bertrand, R. M., & Magaziner, J. (2006). Elderly patients with hip fracture with positive affect have better functional recovery over 2 years. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 54(7), 1074 - 1081. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00786.x
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. The American psychologist, 56(3), 218 - 226.
Gadde, P. S.(2020). Automatic System for Providing Full Body Shower to a User. Prior Publication: US20200205619A1. USA, United States Patent Application Publication.
Gerling, K., Hebesberger, D., Dondrup, C., Koertner, T., & Hanheide, M. (2016). Robot deployment in long-term care Case study on using a mobile robot to support physiotherapy. Zeitschrift fuer Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 49(4), 288 - 296
Goins, R.T., Spencer, S.M., Goli, S., & Rogers, J.C. (2010). Assistive technology use of older American Indians in a southeastern tribe: the native elder care study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(11), 2185 - 2190 .
Goodrich, M.A., & Schultz, A.C. (2007). Human-robot interaction: a survey. Found Trends Hum-Comput Interact, 1(3), 203 - 275.
Groven, F.M., Zwakhalen, S.M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., Joosten, E.T., & Hamers, J.P. (2017). How does washing without water perform compared to the traditional bed bath: a systematic review. BMC Geriatrics, 17(31), 1 - 26.
Hill, R. (2011). A positive aging framework for guiding geropsychology interventions. Behavior therapy, 42(1), 66 - 77.
Holahan, C. K., Holahan, C. J., Velasquez, K. E., & North, R. J. (2008). Longitudinal change in happiness during aging: The predictive role of positive expectancies. The International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 66(3), 229 - 241. https://doi-org.nthulib-oc.nthu.edu.tw/10.2190/AG.66.3.d
Hoof, J.V., Kort, H.S., Rutten, P., & Duijnstee, M. (2011). Ageing-in-place with the use of ambient intelligence technology: Perspectives of older users. International journal of medical informatics, 80(5), 310-31.
Hsu, H. C., & Chang, W. C. (2015). Social connections and happiness among the elder population of Taiwan. Aging and Mental Health, 19(12), 1331 - 1337.
https://doi - org.nthulib-oc.nthu.edu.tw/10.1080/03050068.2017.1396088
Huang, L., Galinsky, A. D., Gruenfeld, D. H., & Guillory, L. E. (2011). Powerful Postures Versus Powerful Roles: Which Is the Proximate Correlate of Thought and Behavior? Psychological Science, 22(1), 95 - 102.
Humboldt, S., & Leal, I. (2017). Correlates of adjustment to aging among the young-old and the oldest-old: A comparative analysis. Educational Gerontology, 43(4), 175 - 185. https://doi-org.nthulib-oc.nthu.edu.tw/10.1080/03601277.2016.1272355
Hunt, S., & Mcewen, J. (1980). The development of a subjective health indicator. Sociology of health & illness, 2(3), 231 - 46.
ISG (2020). About International Society for Gerontechnology. https://www.gerontechnology.org/about.html
i - support project (2017). A service robotics system for bathing tasks. http://www.i-support-project.eu/
Iwase, S., Kawahara, Y., Nishimura, N., Nishimura, R., Sugenoya, J., Miwa, C., & Takada, M. (2013). Effects of isotonic and isometric exercises with mist sauna bathing on cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, and metabolic functions. International Journal of Biometeorology, 58, 1109 - 1117.
James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. H. Holt and Company. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=JLcAAAAAMAAJ&hl=zh_TW&pg=GBS.PA292
Jones, C.J., & Meredith, W. (2000). Developmental paths of psychological health from early adolescence to later adulthood. Psychology and aging, 15(2), 351 - 360 .
Keefe, J., & Rajnovich, B. (2007). To pay or not to pay: Examining underlying principles in the debate on financial support for family caregivers. Canadian Journal on Aging, 26(1), 77 - 89.
Kim, J., Hong, J., & Chun, K. (2011). Case Study on Developing an Elderly Automatic Shower System. Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, 30(5), The Ergonomics Society of Korea. https://doi.org/10.5143/JESK.2011.30.5.629
King, T. L., Chen, A. J., & Kemp. C. C. (2010). Towards an assistive robot that autonomously performs bed baths for patient hygiene. 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Taipei, 2010, 319 - 324. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/IROS.2010.5649101
Klainin-Yobas, P., Oo, W.N., Yew, P.Y., & Lau, Y. (2015). Effects of relaxation interventions on depression and anxiety among older adults: a systematic review. Aging & Mental Health, 19, 1043 - 1055.
Klein, B., & Schlömer, I. (2017). A robotic shower system. Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie, 51, 25 - 31.
Kojima, G. (2018). Quick and Simple FRAIL Scale Predicts Incident Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental ADL(ADL) Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 19(12), 1063 - 1068 .
Lane, N.E., Stukel, T.A., Boyd, C.M., & Wodchis, W.P. (2019). Long-Term Care Residents? Geriatric Syndromes at Admission and Disablement Over Time: An Observational Cohort Study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 74, 917 - 923.
Lara, M. R., Debora, G. I., Luisa, V. S. M., Padial, G. A., Francisco, A. S., & Juan, G. G. (2014). Multidimensional psychosocial profile in the elderly and happiness: A cluster-based identification. Aging and Mental Health, 18(4), 489 - 503
Lee, Y. C., Lin, Y. C., Huang, C. L., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). The construct and measurement of peace of mind. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 571 - 590. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10902-012-9343-5
Lee, K. S. N., & Hui, S. K. S. (2018). SEMI-OPEN SHOWERING DEVICE. WIPO Patent No. WO 2018/014844 Α1. World Intellectual Property Organization.
Lu, L. (2017). Creating wellbeing among older people: An Eastern perspective. In C. L. Cooper & J. C. Quick (Eds.). The Handbook of stress and health: A guide to research and practice. Sussex. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
Mehmet, T., & Elif, D. (2015). Quality of life and attitudes to aging in Turkish older adult at old person’s homes. Health Expectation, 18(2), 288 - 300.
Menec, V. H. (2003). The Relation between Everyday Activities and Successful Aging: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study. Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58B(2), 74.
Mojsa, W., & Chlabicz, S. (2015). Assessment and physical activities of daily living among patients under long-term home care nursing. Progress in Health Sciences, 5(1), 56.
Moreno, M. A., & Vicente, V. J. A. (2019). Well-being and living arrangement of elderly people from European comparative perspective. Social Science Journal, 56(2), 228 - 242. https://doi-org.nthulib-oc.nthu.edu.tw/10.1016/j.soscij.2018.11.007
Mount, S.J., Ferrucci, L., Wesselius, A., Zeegers, M.P., & Schols, A.M. (2019). Measuring successful aging: an exploratory factor analysis of the InCHIANTI Study into different health domains. Aging, 11, 3023 - 3040.
Mucchiani, C., Sharma, S., Johnson, M., Sefcik, J.S., Vivio, N., Huang, J., Cacchione, P.Z., Johnson, M.J., Rai, R., Canoso, A., Lau, T.A., & Yim, M. (2017). Evaluating older adults' interaction with a mobile assistive robot. 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 840 - 847.
Mulliner, E., Riley, M., & Malienė, V. (2020). Older People’s Preferences for Housing and Environment Characteristics. Sustainability, 12, 5723.
Olofsson, J.K., Liuzza, M.T., Lindholm, T., Zakrzewska, M., & Larsson, M. (2019). Body odor disgust scale (BODS) : Its validation and association with social biases. Chemical Senses, 42(6), 509. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/chemse/bjx001.
Özsungur, F. (2019). Gerontechnological factors affecting successful aging of elderly. The aging male : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male, 1 - 13 .
Özsungur, F., & Hazer, O. (2018). Analysis of the Acceptance of Communication Technologies by Acceptance Model of the Elderly: Example of Adana Province. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 9(31), 238 - 275.
Panasonic Corporation (2012). Panasonic Starts Testing of Head Care Robot. https://news.panasonic.com/global/topics/2012/10508.html
Panasonic Corporation (2015). Automatic head care device and automatic head care method. Publication: US2015/0107016 A1. USA, United States Patent Application Publication.
Peek, S., Wouters, E., Hoof, J.V., Luijkx, K., Boeije, H., & Vrijhoef, H.J. (2014). Factors influencing acceptance of technology for aging in place: A systematic review. International journal of medical informatics, 83(4), 235-48.
Peterson, C. (2001). Exercise in 94℉ water for a patient with multiple sclerosis. Physical Therapy, 81(4), 1049 - 1058.
Pulliam, J. (2006). The Nursing Assistant: Acute, Sub-Acute, and Long-Term Care. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Purtle, J., Nelson, K. L., Yang, Y., Langellier, B., Stankov, I., & Diez Roux, A. V. (2019). Urban-rural differences in older adult depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 56(4), 603 - 613. https://doi-org.nthulib-oc.nthu.edu.tw/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.11.008
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1987). Human aging: usual and successful. Science, 237(4811), 143 - 9.
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433 - 440.
Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will? Journal of personality, 74(6), 1557 - 85.
Schulz, R., Lustig, A., Handler, S., & Martire, L. (2002). Technology-based caregiver intervention research: Current status and future directions. Gerontechnology, 2, 15 - 47.
Schulz, R., Beach, S. R., Matthews, J. T., Courtney, K., Dabbs, A. D. V., & Mecca, L. P. (2016). Caregivers’ Willingness to Pay for Technologies to Support Caregiving, The Gerontologist, 56(5), 817 - 829.
Sefcik, J.S., Johnson, M., Yim, M., Lau, T., Dieckmeyer, E., Vivio, N., & Cacchione, P. (2015). Older Adults and Clinicians Guiding the Design of a Low-Cost Assistive Mobile Robot. The Gerontologist, 55(2), 393.
Seligman, M.E.P. (2003). Positive psychology: Fundamental assumptions. Psychologist, 16(3), 126 - 127.
Seymour, M. W., Colchester, D., Rotstan, Jr. R., & Tenbrink, C. (2011). Bather Movement Apparatus. Publication: US20110056013A1. USA, United States Patent Application Publication.
Simmons, S. F., Coelho, C. S., Sandler, A., Shah, A., & Schnelle, J. F. (2018). Managing Person-Centered Dementia Care in an Assisted Living Facility: Staffing and Time Considerations. The Gerontologist, 58(4), e251 - e259.
Steele, R., Lo, A., Secombe, C., & Wong, Y.K. (2009). Elderly persons' perception and acceptance of using wireless sensor networks to assist healthcare. International journal of medical informatics, 78(12), 788-801.
Teh, P., Lim, W.M., Ahmed, P., Chan, A., Loo, J., Cheong, S., & Yap, W. (2017). Does power posing affect gerontechnology adoption among older adults? Behaviour & Information Technology, 36, 33 - 42.
Tilly, C. (1984). Big Structures, Large Processes, Huge Comparisons, Russell Sage Foundation. New York.
Toda, M., Morimoto, K., Nagasawa, S., & Kitamura, K. (2006). Change in salivary physiological stress markers by spa bathing. Biomedical research, 27(1), 11 - 4 .
Tollenaar, M. S., Beijers, R., Jansen, J., Riksen-Walraven, J. M. A., & de Weerth, C. (2011). Maternal prenatal stress and cortisol reactivity to stressors in human infants. Stress: The International Journal on the Biology of Stress, 14(1), 53 - 65. https://doi-org.nthulib-oc.nthu.edu.tw/10.3109/10253890.2010.499485
Torres, S. (2001). Understanding of successful ageing in the context of migration: the case of Iranian immigrants in Sweden. Ageing & Society, 21, 333-355.
Tse, M. M. Y., Lo, A. P. K., Cheng, T. L. Y., Chan, E. K. K., Chan, A. H. Y., & Chung, H. S. W. (2010). Humor Therapy: Relieving Chronic Pain and Enhancing Happiness for Older Adults. Journal of Aging Research, 1 - 9.
Tummers, L., Steijn, B., Nevicka, B., & Heerema, M. (2018). The Effects of Leadership and Job Autonomy on Vitality: Survey and Experimental Evidence. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 38, 355 - 377.
United Nations (2019). World Population Prospects 2019. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/423).
United States Government As Represented By The Departiment Of Veterans (2019). Modular Roll-in Shower System. Prior Publication: US20190298112A1. USA, United States Patent Application Publication.
Vaillant, G.E., & Mukamal, K.J. (2001). Successful aging. The American journal of psychiatry, 158 (6), 839 - 47.
Vlachantoni, A. (2019). Unmet need for social care among older people. Ageing and Society, 39(4), 657 - 684. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X17001118
Wayne, L. A., & Joshua, M. W. (2015). The Impact of Assistive Technologies on Formal and Informal Home Care. The Gerontologist, 55(3), 422 - 433.
Welles, A.V., Welles, R.V., Welles, S.B., & Welles, T.S. (2016). Apparatus for maintaining a person in a warm state while showering. Publication: US9345365 B1. USA, United States Patent Application Publication.
Werle, J., & Hauer, K. (2016). Design of a bath robot system — User definition and user requirements based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), 459 - 466.
World Health Organization (2002). Active ageing: A policy framework. Spain: Ageing and Life Course Program. Second United Nations World Assembly on Ageing Press.
Xue, Q. L., Bandeen R. K., Varadhan, R., Zhou, J., & Fried, L. P. (2008). Initial manifestations of frailty criteria and the development of frailty phenotype in the Women's Health and Aging Study II. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 63(9), 984 - 990.