本研究目的為探討台灣非婚生育女性的母職實踐，五位非婚生育女性為參與者，採用半結構深度訪談蒐集資料，以反思性主題分析法分析資料。資料分析浮現非婚生育女性的日常母職實踐及母職思考，及母職實踐與社會文化特色的互動關係。研究結果呈現以下主題和次主題：(1)主題一為「對家庭與母職的認同」，包含兩個次主題。(a) 對婚育的想像與觀念：相當渴望孩子或從未想過有孩子、認為不一定要先結婚再生子、非婚生育的決定，及(b) 對家庭型態及母職的認同：對家庭的認同、對母親角色的認同、內心的補償及信心的建立。(2)主題二為「母職實踐的日常經驗」，包含四個次主題。(a)日常的母職實踐內涵：平日匆忙的行程與假日的休閒安排、育兒難題與壓力、育兒帶來的自我療癒、發現並陪伴孩子早療的過程，(b)懷孕前到產後的經歷：辛苦的生子歷程、產後憂鬱及產後的復原歷程，(c)母職實踐的策略與行動：獨自帶孩子的辛苦、視照顧孩子為現階段的重心，(d)非婚生育或單親帶來的影響：感到虧欠孩子而試圖彌補、向孩子交代生父時矛盾的態度。(3)主題三為「母職實踐的信念」，包含兩個次主題。(a)教養觀念：避免採用和上一輩一樣的教養方式、鼓勵孩子發展正向態度與品德、學習教導孩子的策略，(b)與他人共同合作的母職實踐：保有自己的空間、與專家及機構合作的母職實踐模式。(4) 主題四為「社會氛圍和其他外部因素的影響」，包含兩個次主題。(a)社會氛圍的影響：社會對單親家庭的接納程度、被社會文化檢視的母親、性與性別的歧視，(b)職場與親朋好友的支持和影響：職場權利與福利、與原生家庭的互動關係、單親/媽媽群組的支持。最後，提供建議予諮商與其他助人專業工作者、政策制定者及教育專業者，也提出未來的研究方向。

The purpose of this study is to explore the motherhood practices of women who give birth out of wedlock in Taiwan. Five women who gave birth out of wedlock participated in this study. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data, and the data were analyzed by reflective thematic analysis. The analysis of the data revealed the daily motherhood practice and thinking of motherhood in terms of out-of-wedlock births, as well as the interaction between motherhood practice and sociocultural characteristics. The research results present the following themes and subthemes: (1) Theme 1 is " identification of family and motherhood", which contains two subthemes. (a) Imagination and conception of marriage and childbearing: longing for children or has never thought of having children, viewing unnecessary to get married first to have a child, and deciding to give birth out of wedlock, (b) Recognition of family type and motherhood: recognition of family, recognition of mother's role, inner compensation and confidence building. (2) Theme 2 is "daily experience of motherhood practices", which includes four sub-themes. (a) The connotation of daily motherhood practices: busy schedules on weekdays and leisure arrangements on holidays, parenting difficulties and pressure, self-healing brought by parenting, and discovering and accompanying children in the process of early treatment, (b) Pre-pregnancy to postpartum experience: difficult childbirth process, postpartum depression and postpartum recovery process, (c) Strategies and actions of motherhood practices: the hardship of raising the child alone, and taking care of the child as the focus at this stage, (d) The impact of out-of-wedlock birth or single parenting: feeling beholden to and attempting to compensate to the child, and being frank and contradictory when explaining the biological father to the child. (3) The third theme is "belief in motherhood practices," which contains two sub-themes. (a) Parenting concepts: avoiding the same parenting style as the previous generation, and encouraging children to develop attitudes and characters, and learning teaching strategies for children, (b) Mothering practices in cooperation with others: maintaining personal space, and creating a model of conducting motherhood practices working with professionals at institutions. (4) The fourth theme is "the impact of social atmosphere and other external factors," which contains two sub-themes. (a) The impact of the social atmosphere: social acceptance of single-parent families, mothers who are viewed by society and culture, and discrimination against sex and gender, (b) The support and influence of the colleagues at workplace, relatives, and friends: childbearing norms and benefits at the workplace, the interaction with the family of origin, and the support of the single parent/mother group. Finally, recommendations are provided to counselors and other helping professionals, policy makers, and education professionals, as well as directions for future research.

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝辭 IV
目錄 V
表次 VII
圖次 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節、 研究緣起 1
第二節、 研究背景 3
第三節、 研究目的與問題 5
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節、 非婚生育族群 7
第二節、 台灣的性別環境 9
第三節、 母職的意涵 14
第三章 研究方法 20
第一節、 研究方法 20
第二節、 研究參與者 20
第三節、 研究工具 22
第四節、 資料分析 24
第五節、 研究倫理議題之處理 28
第四章 研究結果 29
第一節、 對家庭與母職的認同 29
第二節、 母職實踐的日常經驗 39
第三節、 母職實踐的信念 60
第四節、 社會氛圍與外部因素的影響 66
第五章 討論 79
第一節、 研究結果討論 79
第二節、 研究建議與限制 84
第三節、 結論 86
後記 87
參考文獻 88
附錄一 101
附錄二 102

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