研究背景：網路遊戲障礙症（Internet Gaming Disorder; IGD）被視為是一種行為成癮。親子關係不佳是其中一個重要的危險因子。其中，正念親職教養（mindful parenting; MP）有助於親子關係的提升以及親職壓力之緩解。
目的：本研究旨在探討正念親職教養團體方案的介入，對IGD孩童及其父母的可行性，初步建立符合臺灣使用之正念親職教養團體方案，以及探討改善網路遊戲成癮傾向之可能改變機制。
方法：本研究採單組前後測及追蹤測量之類實驗設計，招募七組研究參與者，包含家長及其有網路成癮傾向的孩童。以正念為基礎的親職教養團體方案介入，採每週一次，每次2.5小時，共八週的方式進行。家長與孩童分別實施測驗工具之前後測及三個月追蹤測，並八週團體結束後邀請家長進行經驗訪談，以暸解方案效果與歷程改變的情形。
結果：研究結果顯示完成組家長之親職壓力明顯減少，且具三個月的持續性效果，且正念程度亦有所提升。但孩童的憂鬱、焦慮及IGDT分數未有明顯變化。此外，團體成員流失的原因包含與配偶的教養觀不一致、時間安排因素以及難以投入正念練習。
討論：本研究推論MP的效果為促進親子關係之保護因子，以及減少負向的自動化反應之危險因子。但難以推論能改善IGD之嚴重度。儘管如此，本研究仍提出MP與IGD之可能關聯、探討成員流失的原因與影響，以及針對IGD族群提出方案調整內容與帶領者的反思。
建議：招募更多的研究參與者，設置對照組，並加入診斷性會談，以提升研究效度。此外，加入其他IGD的評估向度，例如：記錄每週玩遊戲的時間和頻率、遊戲的類型、對網路遊戲的渴求程度、父母是否監控使用以及父母本身使用3C的情況等。藉此，能對IGD有更加詳述的定義與衡鑑工具，將有助於實務工作者與研究的發展。

Background: Internet gaming disorder have been described as behavioral addictions. Poor parent-child relationship is one of the important risk factors. It is worth noting that mindful parenting (MP) is widely discussed, and MP can help to improve parent-child relationship and relieve parenting stress.
Aims: This study aims to explore the feasibility of the intervention of mindful parenting program for parents and their children’s addiction to internet games. It also initially establishes a mindful parenting program for Taiwan, and to explore possible change mechanisms to improve the tendency of addiction to internet games.
Methods: This study is a quasi-experiment design, participants asked to finish pre-, post- and follow-up test. Seven pairs of participants were recruited for this study, including parents and their children. Mindfulness-based parenting group program interventions were conducted once a week for 2.5 hours for eight weeks. After the eight-week group, parents were invited to conduct interviews to understand the effect of the program and the changes in the process.
Results: The study showed that parenting stress in the completion group was significantly reduced, and the effect lasted for three months. Mindfulness scores has also improved. But the children's depression, anxiety and IGDT scores did not change significantly. In addition, reasons for members dropout included inconsistency with the parenting concept of the spouse, timing factors, and difficulty involvement in mindfulness practice.
Discussion: This study infers the effect of MP. It promotes parent-child relationship and reduce reactivity to children's maladaptive behaviors. But it is difficult to infer that it can improve the severity of IGD. Nonetheless, this study still proposes the possible relationship between MP and IGD, explores the reasons and effects of dropout, and proposes program adjustment and leaders' reflections for the IGD group.
Recommendation: Studies can recruit more participants, set up control groups, and conduct diagnostic interviews to improve study validity. Furthermore, additional dimensions for evaluating IGD can be added, such as recording the time and frequency of playing games per week, the type of games, the craving for internet games, whether parents monitor usage, and the use of 3Cs by parents themselves, etc. In this way, it will be able to have a more detailed definition and assessment tool for IGD, which will help the development of practitioners and research.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 2
第二節 研究目的與問題 3
第三節 名詞釋義 4
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 網路遊戲障礙症 7
第二節 正念親職教養 12
第三節 以正念親職教養介入網路遊戲障礙症族群 16
第三章 研究方法 19
第一節 研究方法與設計 19
第二節 研究程序 20
第三節 研究參與者 22
第四節 研究工具 23
第五節 資料分析 29
第四章 研究結果 31
第一節 研究參與者之基本資料 31
第二節 完成組之測驗資料 33
第三節 完成組之質性資料 39
第四節 流失組之測驗資料 48
第五節 流失組離開團體之原因探討 53
第五章 討論 59
第一節 正念親職教養團體的效果 59
第二節 成員流失的原因與影響 61
第三節 方案調整與個人反思 61
第四節 研究限制與展望 63
參考文獻 65
附錄 77

中文部分：
翁毓秀（2019）。親職壓力量表（第四版簡式中文版）-指導手冊（四版）。心理出版社。
財團法人台灣網路資訊中心（2020）。2019台灣網路報告。財團法人台灣網路資訊中心。https://report.twnic.tw/2019/assets/download/TWNIC_TaiwanInternetReport_2019_CH.pdf
教育部（2017）。106年學生網路使用情形調查報告。教育部資訊及科技教育司。https://depart.moe.edu.tw/ed2700/News_Content.aspx?n=F84C9B045D336AF4&sms=BFD0035AFA4CEA76&s=822D56E68733113E
陳淑惠（2008）。台灣版兒童青少年憂鬱量表（初版）。心理出版社。
黃鳳英、吳昌衛、釋惠敏、釋果暉、趙一平、戴志達（2015）。「臺灣版五因素正念量表」之信效度分析。測驗學刊，62（3），231-260。
顏正芳（2010）。台灣版多向度兒童青少年焦慮量表（初版）。心理出版社。


英文部分：
Abidin, R. R. (2012). Parenting stress index (4th ed.). Lutz, FL: PAR.
American Psychiatric Association. (2014). Desk reference to the diagnostic criteria from DSM-5®. American Psychiatric Pub.
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504
Bagheri, M., Tahmassian, K., & Mazaheri, M. A. (2018). Efficacy of mindful parenting and parent management training integrative program on psychological wellbeing and happiness of children. Clinical Psychology Studies, 8(30), 1-26. http://doi.org/10.22054/JCPS.2018.8537
Beg, M. R., Casey, J. E., & Saunders, C. D. (2007). A typology of behavior problems in preschool children. Assessment, 14(2), 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191106297463
Billieux, J., Van der Linden, M., Achab, S., Khazaal, Y., Paraskevopoulos, L., Zullino, D., & Thorens, G. (2013). Why do you play World of Warcraft? An in-depth exploration of self-reported motivations to play online and in-game behaviours in the virtual world of Azeroth. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.021
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z.V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 11(3), 230-241. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bph077
Bögels, S. M., Lehtonen, A., & Restifo, K. (2010). Mindful parenting in mental health care. Mindfulness, 1, 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-010-0014-5
Bögels, S., & Restifo, K. (2013). Mindful parenting: A guide for mental health practitioners. Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7406-7_1
Bonnaire, C., & Phan, O. (2017). Relationships between parental attitudes, family functioning and Internet gaming disorder in adolescents attending school. Psychiatry Research, 255, 104-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.030
Bonnaire, C., Liddle, H. A., Har, A., Nielsen, P., & Phan, O. (2019). Why and how to include parents in the treatment of adolescents presenting Internet gaming disorder?. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(2), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.27
Bonson, K. R., Grant, S. J., Contoreggi, C. S., Links, J. M., Metcalfe, J., Weyl, H. L., Kurian, V., Ernst, M., & London, E. D. (2002). Neural systems and cue-induced cocaine craving. Neuropsychopharmacology, 26(3), 376-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00371-2
Bratton, S. C., Ray, D., Rhine, T., & Jones, L. (2005). The efficacy of play therapy with children: A meta-analytic review of treatment outcomes. Professional psychology: research and practice, 36(4), 376. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.4.376
Brewer, J. A., Worhunsky, P. D., Gray, J. R., Tang, Y. Y., Weber, J., & Kober, H. (2011). Meditation experience is associated with differences in default mode network activity and connectivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(50), 20254-20259. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112029108
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 84(4), 822. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
Brunborg, G. S., Mentzoni, R. A., & Frøyland, L. R. (2014). Is video gaming, or video game addiction, associated with depression, academic achievement, heavy episodic drinking, or conduct problems?. Journal of behavioral addictions, 3(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1556/jba.3.2014.002
Burgdorf, V., Szabó, M., & Abbott, M. J. (2019). The effect of mindfulness interventions for parents on parenting stress and youth psychological outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1336. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01336
Cachia, R. L., Anderson, A., & Moore, D. W. (2016). mindfulness, stress, and wellbeing in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 1, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0193-8
Caplan, S., Williams, D., & Yee, N. (2009). Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being among MMO players. Computers in human behavior, 25(6), 1312-1319. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.06.006
Chiu, S. I., Lee, J. Z., & Huang, D. H. (2004). Video game addiction in children and teenagers in Taiwan. CyberPsychology & behavior, 7(5), 571-581. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.571
Chiu, Y. C., Pan, Y. C., & Lin, Y. H. (2018). Chinese adaptation of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test and prevalence estimate of Internet gaming disorder among adolescents in Taiwan. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(3), 719-726. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.92
Choi, S. W., Kim, H., Kim, G. Y., Jeon, Y., Park, S., Lee, J. Y., Jung, H. Y., Sohn, B. K., Choi, J. S., & Kim, D. J. (2014). Similarities and differences among Internet gaming disorder, gambling disorder and alcohol use disorder: A focus on impulsivity and compulsivity. Journal of behavioral addictions, 3(4), 246-253. https://doi.org/10.1556/jba.3.2014.4.6
Coatsworth, J. D., Duncan, L. G., Greenberg, M. T., & Nix, R. L. (2010). Changing parent’s mindfulness, child management skills and relationship quality with their youth: Results from a randomized pilot intervention trial. Journal of child and family studies, 19(2), 203-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-009-9304-8
Cohen, J. A. S., & Semple, R. J. (2010). Mindful parenting: A call for research. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(2), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-009-9285-7
Corthorn, C. (2018). Benefits of mindfulness for parenting in mothers of preschoolers in Chile. Frontiers in Psychology, 1443. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01443
Corthorn, C., & Milicic, N. (2016). Mindfulness and parenting: a correlational study of non-meditating mothers of preschool children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(5), 1672-1683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0319-z
Demetrovics, Z., Urbán, R., Nagygyörgy, K., Farkas, J., Griffiths, M. D., Pápay, O., Kökönyei, G., Felvinczi, K., & Oláh, A. (2012). The development of the problematic online gaming questionnaire (POGQ). PloS one, 7(5), e36417. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036417
Donovan, J. E. (2004). Adolescent alcohol initiation: A review of psychosocial risk factors. Journal of adolescent health, 35(6), 529-e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.02.003
Dumas, J. E. (2005). Mindfulness-based parent training: Strategies to lessen the grip of automaticity in families with disruptive children. Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology, 34(4), 779-791. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3404_20
Duncan, L. G., Coatsworth, J. D., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). A model of mindful parenting: Implications for parent–child relationships and prevention research. Clinical child and family psychology review, 12(3), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-009-0046-3
Duncan, L. G., Coatsworth, J. D., Gayles, J. G., Geier, M. H., & Greenberg, M. T. (2015). Can mindful parenting be observed? Relations between observational ratings of mother–youth interactions and mothers’ self-report of mindful parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 29(2), 276. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038857
Entertainment software association. (2015). ESA Annual Report 2015. Retrieved from https://www.theesa.com/perspectives/annual-report/esa-annual-report-2015/
Estévez, A. N. A., Jáuregui, P., Sánchez-Marcos, I., López-González, H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Attachment and emotion regulation in substance addictions and behavioral addictions. Journal of behavioral addictions, 6(4), 534-544. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.086
Fazeli, S., Zeidi, I. M., Lin, C. Y., Namdar, P., Griffiths, M. D., Ahorsu, D. K., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). Depression, anxiety, and stress mediate the associations between internet gaming disorder, insomnia, and quality of life during the COVID-19 outbreak. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 12, 100307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100307
Feng, W., Ramo, D., Chan, S., & Bourgeois, J. (2017). Internet gaming disorder: Trends in prevalence 1998–2016. Addictive behaviors, 75, 17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.06.010
Gentile, D. A., Choo, H., Liau, A., Sim, T., Li, D., Fung, D., & Khoo, A. (2011). Pathological video game use among youths: a two-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics, 127(2), e319-e329. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1353
Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Weinstein, A., & Gorelick, D. A. (2010). Introduction to behavioral addictions. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 36(5), 233-241. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.491884
Griffiths, M. D., & Pontes, H. M. (2014). Internet addiction disorder and internet gaming disorder are not the same. Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, 5(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000e124
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of psychosomatic research, 57(1), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00573-7
Guerney Jr, B. (1964). Filial therapy: Description and rationale. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 28(4), 304. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041340
Han, D. H., Bolo, N., Daniels, M. A., Arenella, L., Lyoo, I. K., & Renshaw, P. F. (2011). Brain activity and desire for Internet video game play. Comprehensive psychiatry, 52(1), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.04.004
Han, D. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, Y. S., & Renshaw, P. F. (2012). The effect of family therapy on the changes in the severity of on-line game play and brain activity in adolescents with on-line game addiction. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 202(2), 126-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.02.011
Hanh, T. N. (2003). The Fourteen Mindfulness Trainings of the Order of Interbeing.”. Liberating Faith: Religious Voices for Justice, Peace, and Ecological Wisdom, 450-455.
Hanh, T. N. (1976). The miracle of mindfulness. Boston: Beacon Press.
Hanh, T. N. (2006). Reconciliation: Healing the inner child. Parallax Press.
Harnett, P. H., & Dawe, S. (2012). The contribution of mindfulness-based therapies for children and families and proposed conceptual integration. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 17, 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2011.00643.x
Haydicky, J., Shecter, C., Wiener, J., & Ducharme, J. M. (2015). Evaluation of MBCT for adolescents with ADHD and their parents: Impact on individual and family functioning. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(1), 76-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9815-1
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 64(6), 1152. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152
Henderson, C. E., Dakof, G. A., Greenbaum, P. E., & Liddle, H. A. (2010). Effectiveness of multidimensional family therapy with higher severity substance-abusing adolescents: Report from two randomized controlled trials. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(6), 885. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152
Internet World Stats. (2020). Usage and population statistics. Retrieved from https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
Jones, L., Hastings, R. P., Totsika, V., Keane, L., & Rhule, N. (2014). Child behavior problems and parental well-being in families of children with autism: The mediating role of mindfulness and acceptance. American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities, 119(2), 171-185. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.2.171
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Dell Publishing.
Kabat‐Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness‐based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 10(2), 144-156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
Kabat-Zinn, M., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (1997). Everyday blessings: The inner work of mindful parenting. New York: Hyperion.
Keijsers, L. (2016). Parental monitoring and adolescent problem behaviors: How much do we really know?. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 40(3), 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025415592515
Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330(6006), 932-932. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1192439
King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2014). Internet gaming disorder treatment: a review of definitions of diagnosis and treatment outcome. Journal of clinical psychology, 70(10), 942-955. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22097
Király, O., Griffiths, M. D., Urbán, R., Farkas, J., Kökönyei, G., Elekes, Z., Tamás, D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Problematic Internet use and problematic online gaming are not the same: Findings from a large nationally representative adolescent sample. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(12), 749-754. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0475
Király, O., Sleczka, P., Pontes, H. M., Urbán, R., Griffiths, M. D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2017). Validation of the ten-item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and evaluation of the nine DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder criteria. Addictive behaviors, 64, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.005
Ko, C. H. (2014). Internet gaming disorder. Current Addiction Reports, 1(3), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-014-0030-y
Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Chen, C. C., Chen, S. H., Wu, K., & Yen, C. F. (2006). Tridimensional personality of adolescents with internet addiction and substance use experience. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(14), 887-894. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370605101404
Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Chen, S. H., Wang, P. W., Chen, C. S., & Yen, C. F. (2014). Evaluation of the diagnostic criteria of Internet gaming disorder in the DSM-5 among young adults in Taiwan. Journal of psychiatric research, 53, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.005
Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. S., & Chen, C. C. (2012). The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric disorder: a review of the literature. European Psychiatry, 27(1), 1-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.011
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Internet gaming addiction: A systematic review of empirical research. International journal of mental health and addiction, 10(2), 278-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-011-9318-5
Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Binder, J. F. (2013). Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 959-966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.024
Lee, K. H., Lin, C. Y., Tsao, J., & Hsieh, L. F. (2020). Cross-sectional study on relationships among FoMO, social influence, positive outcome expectancy, refusal self-efficacy and SNS usage. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16), 5907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165907
Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Gentile, D. A. (2015). The Internet gaming disorder scale. Psychological assessment, 27(2), 567. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000062
Liau, A. K., Choo, H., Li, D., Gentile, D. A., Sim, T., & Khoo, A. (2015). Pathological video-gaming among youth: A prospective study examining dynamic protective factors. Addiction Research & Theory, 23(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2014.987759
Liddle, H. A. (2016). Multidimensional family therapy: Evidence base for transdiagnostic treatment outcomes, change mechanisms, and implementation in community settings. Family process, 55(3), 558-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12243
Liddle, H. A., Dakof, G. A., Parker, K., Diamond, G. S., Barrett, K., & Tejeda, M. (2001). Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent drug abuse: Results of a randomized clinical trial. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 27(4), 651-688. https://doi.org/10.1081/ADA-100107661
Liddle, H. A., Rowe, C. L., Dakof, G. A., Henderson, C. E., & Greenbaum, P. E. (2009). Multidimensional family therapy for young adolescent substance abuse: Twelve-month outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 77(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014160
Lin, P. Y., Lin, H. C., Lin, P. C., Yen, J. Y., & Ko, C. H. (2020). The association between emotional regulation and internet gaming disorder. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113060
Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, NY: Guilford Press
Mäntymaa, M., Puura, K., Luoma, I., Salmelin, R. K., & Tamminen, T. (2006). Mother's early perception of her infant's difficult temperament, parenting stress and early mother–infant interaction. Nordic journal of psychiatry, 60(5), 379-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480600937280
March, J. S., Parker, J. D., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, C. K. (1997). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American academy of child & adolescent psychiatry, 36(4), 554-565. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019
McPherson, A. V., Lewis, K. M., Lynn, A. E., Haskett, M. E., & Behrend, T. S. (2009). Predictors of parenting stress for abusive and nonabusive mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9207-0
Mehroof, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2010). Online gaming addiction: The role of sensation seeking, self-control, neuroticism, aggression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 13(3), 313-316. http://doi.org/10.1089=cyber.2009.0229
Muck, R., Zempolich, K. A., Titus, J. C., Fishman, M., Godley, M. D., & Schwebel, R. (2001). An overview of the effectiveness of adolescent substance abuse treatment models. Youth & Society, 33(2), 143-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X01033002002
Petry, N. M., & O'Brien, C. P. (2013). Internet gaming disorder and the DSM-5. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 108(7), 1186–1187. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12162
Plum Village (2012). The Fourteen Mindfulness Trainings of the Order of Interbeing. Retrieved from https://plumvillage.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/The-Fourteen-Mindfulness-Trainings2012-1.pdf
Resnick, M. D., Bearman, P. S., Blum, R. W., Bauman, K. E., Harris, K. M., Jones, J., Beuhring, T., Sieving, R.E., Shew, M., Ireland, M., Bearinger, L.H., & Udry, J. R. (1997). Protecting adolescents from harm: findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. Jama, 278(10), 823-832. http://doi.org/0.1001/jama.278.10.823
Reynolds, I., & Rob, M. I. (1988). The role of family difficulties in adolescent depression, drug‐taking and other problem behaviours. Medical journal of Australia, 149(5), 250-256. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120597.x
Rho, M. J., Lee, H., Lee, T. H., Cho, H., Jung, D. J., Kim, D. J., & Choi, I. Y. (2018). Risk factors for internet gaming disorder: psychological factors and internet gaming characteristics. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010040
Ridderinkhof, A., de Bruin, E. I., Blom, R., & Bögels, S. M. (2018). Mindfulness-based program for children with autism spectrum disorder and their parents: direct and long-term improvements. Mindfulness, 9(3), 773-791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0815-x
Riesch, S. K., Anderson, L. S., Pridham, K. A., Lutz, K. F., & Becker, P. T. (2010). Furthering the Understanding of parent–child relationships: A nursing scholarship review series. Part 5: Parent–adolescent and teen parent–child relationships. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 15(3), 182-201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2009.00228.x
Rikkers, W., Lawrence, D., Hafekost, J., & Zubrick, S. R. (2016). Internet use and electronic gaming by children and adolescents with emotional and behavioural problems in Australia–results from the second Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. BMC public health, 16(1), 399. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3058-1
Sakuma, H., Mihara, S., Nakayama, H., Miura, K., Kitayuguchi, T., Maezono, M., Hashimoto, T., & Higuchi, S. (2017). Treatment with the self-discovery camp (SDiC) improves internet gaming disorder. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 357-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.06.013
Schneider, L. A., King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2017). Family factors in adolescent problematic Internet gaming: A systematic review. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(3), 321-333. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.035
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Siegel, R. D. (2009). The mindfulness solution: Everyday practices for everyday problems. Guilford Press.
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S., Fisher, B. C., Wahler, R. G., Mcaleavey, K., Singh, J. & Sabaawi, M. (2006). Mindful parenting decreases aggression, noncompliance, and self-injury in children with autism. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 14(3), 169-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/10634266060140030401
Vago, D. R., & Silbersweig, D. A. (2012). Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 6, 296. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00296
Waldron, H. B., Brody, J. L., Robbins, M. S., & Alexander, J. F. (2013). Interventions For Addiction: Chapter 12. Functional Family Therapy for Adolescent Substance Use Disorders. Elsevier Inc. Chapters. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-398338-1.00012-9
Weissman, M. M., Wickramaratne, P., Nomura, Y., Warner, V., Pilowsky, D., & Verdeli, H. (2006). Offspring of depressed parents: 20 years later. American journal of Psychiatry, 163(6), 1001-1008. http://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1001
Wichstrøm, L., Stenseng, F., Belsky, J., von Soest, T., & Hygen, B. W. (2019). Symptoms of internet gaming disorder in youth: predictors and comorbidity. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 47(1), 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0422-x
Winkler, A., Dörsing, B., Rief, W., Shen, Y., & Glombiewski, J. A. (2013). Treatment of internet addiction: a meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 33(2), 317-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.12.005
Witkiewitz, K., Marlatt, G. A., & Walker, D. (2005). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for alcohol and substance use disorders. Journal of cognitive psychotherapy, 19(3), 211-228. http://doi.org/10.1891/jcop.2005.19.3.211
Whang, L. S. M., Lee, S., & Chang, G. (2003). Internet over-users' psychological profiles: a behavior sampling analysis on internet addiction. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 6(2), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493103321640338
Yang, S. C., & Tung, C. J. (2007). Comparison of Internet addicts and non-addicts in Taiwanese high school. Computers in human behavior, 23(1), 79-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.037
Yau, Y. H., Potenza, M. N., & White, M. A. (2013). Problematic Internet use, mental health, and impulse control in an online survey of adults. Journal of behavioral addictions, 2(2), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1556/jba.1.2012.015
Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. C., Chen, S. H., & Ko, C. H. (2007). Family factors of internet addiction and substance use experience in Taiwanese adolescents. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 10(3), 323-329. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9948
Young, K. S. (1996). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 1(3), 237-244.
Young, K. S., & Rogers, R. C. (1998). The relationship between depression and Internet addiction. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 1(1), 25-28. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.25
Zajac, K., Ginley, M. K., Chang, R., & Petry, N. M. (2017). Treatments for Internet gaming disorder and Internet addiction: A systematic review. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31(8), 979. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000315
Zhu, J., Zhang, W., Yu, C., & Bao, Z. (2015). Early adolescent Internet game addiction in context: How parents, school, and peers impact youth. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 159-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.079