論述童年家庭暴力者的親密關係，常以暴力代間傳遞、成人依附轉換、復原力與創傷後成長三大觀點為基礎，呈現出低安全感、減損調節情緒與適應變動能力、關係不穩定且承襲暴力解讀、複製衝突因應模式，或轉為安全依戀，以及創傷後有正向成長等發展方向。
本研究旨在理解了解成年初顯期童年家暴倖存者其親密伴侶關係之經驗及其轉化經驗樣貌。採用詮釋現象學作為研究取向，邀請三位童年時期曾受家庭暴力、有過一段以上親密伴侶關係之23～26歲女性研究參與者以半結構式深度訪談進行資料收集，並運用主題分析法進行資料分析。研究發現童年家暴倖存者女性親密伴侶關係互動經驗分別為：
一、投入經營關係對伴侶及自我的權衡評估；二、不安變動下對互動模式的省察與行動；三、感知原生家庭及伴侶互動經驗相互呼應。童年家暴倖存女性親密伴侶關係轉化經驗分為三個面向，分別為：一、封閉自責轉向揭露自省並以行動緩解不安；二、梳理與鬆綁權控互動模式促自我安穩；三、界線挪動開展平權互動彈性。
根據上述研究結果加以討論，從評估自我揭露與深化，到在困局試煉中的體認、家庭與伴侶關係互相輝映之處。進一步討論被理解為投入關係的關鍵、關係變動中維持安全感所發展的策略，以及伴侶互動中重現原生家庭權控互動模式轉向平權的樣貌，並針對童年家暴倖存者及其伴侶、相關實務工作者及未來相關研究提出建議。

Domestic violence survivors’ intimacy is often discussed based on three main perspectives: intergenerational transmission, adult attachment transformation, resilience, and post-traumatic growth. These relationships exhibit a low sense of security, impaired emotional regulation and adaptive abilities, relationship instability, and a tendency to inherit violent interpretations and replicate conflict coping patterns. On the other hand, there can also be a shift towards secure attachment and positive growth.
This study aims to understand the emerging adulthood survivors’ becoming experiences in intimacy. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, three female participants aged 23 to 26 who had experienced domestic violence during childhood and had been in more than one intimacy were invited for semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interview transcripts were subjected to open coding and thematic analysis for groupinp data and analysis.
The study found the following experiences in survivors’ intimacy:(1). Balancing assessment of investment and relationship management for both partners and self; (2). Reflection and action in understanding interaction patterns during insecurity; (3). A mutual resonance between insights into experiences in the original family and intimacy. Subsequently, the becoming experiences were identified in three dimensions:(1). Transition from self-blame and closedness to disclosure, self-reflection, and taking action to alleviate insecurity. (2).Unraveling and releasing control in interaction patterns to promote self-stability. (3). Shifting boundaries to engage in flexible interaction and promote egalitarian dynamics.
Based on the research mentioned above findings, the study discussed the evaluation and deepening of self-disclosure and the recognition and mutual reflection of family and partner relationships amidst challenging situations.
Further discussions included vital aspects of relationship commitment, strategies for maintaining a sense of security during relationship changes, and the transformation of power dynamics from replicating the control patterns of the original family to a more egalitarian approach in partner interactions. The study also provided recommendations for survivors, their partners, relevant practitioners, and future research.

第一章 緒論---------------------------------1
第一節 研究背景-----------------------------1
第二節 研究動機-----------------------------2
第三節 研究目的與問題------------------------4
第四節 名詞釋義-----------------------------5
第二章 文獻探討-----------------------------7
第一節 親密伴侶關係之互動內涵與發展樣貌-------7
第二節 童年家暴倖存者親密伴侶關係樣貌---------19
第三節 家庭暴力下親密伴侶關係的轉化視框-------32
第三章 研究方法-----------------------------41
第一節 研究典範選擇與設計--------------------41
第二節 研究參與者---------------------------42
第三節 研究工具-----------------------------44
第四節 研究程序-----------------------------50
第五節 研究倫理-----------------------------59
第六節 研究嚴謹性---------------------------60
第四章 研究結果-----------------------------65
第一節 童年家暴倖存女性親密伴侶關係互動經驗----65
第二節 童年家暴倖存女性親密伴侶關係轉化經驗----92
第三節 綜合討論-----------------------------117
第五章 研究結論與建議------------------------138
第一節 研究結論-----------------------------138
第二節 研究建議-----------------------------141
第三節 研究限制-----------------------------146
參考文獻------------------------------------149
中文部分------------------------------------149
英文部分------------------------------------153
附錄----------------------------------------163
附錄一 參與研究知情同意書（一式兩份）----------163
附錄二 預訪之訪談大綱-------------------------165
附錄三 訪談大綱------------------------------166
附錄四 訪談札記------------------------------168
附錄五 跨研究參與者互動經驗分析架構表----------169
附錄六 跨研究參與者轉化經驗分析架構表-----------170
附錄七 研究參與者檢核表-----------------------171

中文部分
王慶福（1995）。大學生愛情關係徑路模式之分析研究〔未出版之博士論文〕。國立彰化師範大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/222z8f
司法院法務部全國法規資料庫（2021年01月27日）。家庭暴力防治法。https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0050071
伊慶春（2021）。台灣青少年成長歷程研究：TYP201調查（成人合併樣本第三波）。https://srda.sinica.edu.tw/browsingbydatatype_result.php?category=surveymethod&type=2&csid=1
行政院內政部性別平等會重要性別統計資料庫（2021年06月16日）。初婚者之年齡平均數。https://www.gender.ey.gov.tw/gecdb/Stat_Statistics_DetailData.aspx?sn=aeFG0R2tHwmrDtITC%24JSaA%40%40
吳麗雲（2002a）。人際歷程取向團體諮商（上）以不安全依附類型大學生人際困擾輔導為例。諮商與輔導，198，29-33。http://doi.org/10.29837/CG.200206.0005
吳麗雲（2002b）。人際歷程取向團體諮商（下）以不安全依附類型大學生人際困擾輔導為例。諮商與輔導，199，40-44。http://doi.org/10.29837/CG.200207.0006
李維倫（2004）。以置身所在做為心理學研究的目標現象及其相關之方法論。應用心理研究，22，157-200。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=15609251-200406-x-22-157-200-a
李維倫、賴憶嫻（2009）。現象學方法論：存在行動的投入。中華輔導與諮商學報，25，275-321。http://doi.org/10.7082/CJGC.200903.0275
沈慶鴻（2001）。被遺忘的受害者—談婚姻暴力目睹兒童的影響和介入策略。社區發展季刊，94，241-250。https://cdj.sfaa.gov.tw/journal/Content?gno=10271
沈慶鴻（2019）。高危機、低意願：親密關係暴力高危機案主受助經驗之探索。社會政策與社會工作學刊，23（1），1-44。http://doi.org/10.6785/SPSW.201906_23(1).0001
沈瓊桃（2005）。兒童知覺的雙重家庭暴力經驗與其適應行為之相關研究。中華心理衛生學刊，18（1），25-64。http://doi.org/10.30074/FJMH.200503_18(1).0002
沈瓊桃（2010）。暴力的童年、堅韌的青年：目睹婚暴暨受虐青年復原力之探討。中華輔導與諮商學報，27，115-160。http://doi.org/10.7082/CJGC.201003.0115
卓佳敏（2008）。目睹父母婚姻暴力對成年子女在婚姻衝突上之影響研究〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立暨南國際大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/2hpu26
卓紋君（2000a）。從兩性關係發展模式談兩性親密關係的分與合（上）。諮商與輔導，174，25-29。http://doi.org/10.29837/CG.200006.0002
卓紋君（2000b）。從兩性關係發展模式談兩性親密關係的分與合（下）。諮商與輔導，175，19-23。http://doi.org/10.29837/CG.200007.0002
林怡君（2015）。童年關係失落經驗影響未婚成年女性親密關係之對偶研究〔未發表之碩士論文〕。國立臺中教育大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/6m8dxj
林宥妡、簡美華（2018）。兒時身體不當對待與成年女性之親密關係發展探究。亞洲家庭暴力與性侵害期刊，14（1），31-73。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=19945779-201807-201902220008-201902220008-31-73
林美伶（2008）。從愛情經驗回觀童年目睹父母婚暴影響之自我敘說〔未發表之碩士論文〕。中國文化大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/ts5859
林碧瑤、李長燦（2007）。兒童期目睹父母婚姻暴力者之心路歷程。社會變遷下的幼兒教育與照顧學術研討會論文集，124-134。http://doi.org/10.29968/SHBQ.200705.0124
姜琴音（2006）。目睹父母婚姻暴力之成年子女心理經驗初探。應用心理研究，32，165-181。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=15609251-200612-x-32-165-181-a
柳杰欣、吳麗娟、林世華（2009）。適婚男女知覺父母婚姻關係、依附關係與其婚姻態度之相關研究。教育心理學報，40（4），641-662。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=10115714-200906-200907230047-200907230047-641-662
孫頌賢（2014）。家庭分化與家庭暴力經驗對愛情依戀的預測。教育心理學報，45（3），349-366。http://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.20130628
孫頌賢、李宜玫（2009）。暴力的代間傳遞：原生家庭暴力經驗與依戀系統對大學生約會暴力行為的預測比較。家庭教育與諮商學刊，7，23-43。http://doi.org/10.6472/JFEC.200912.0023
孫頌賢、施香如、蔡美香（2019）。家庭關係中親密與自主的平衡。中華輔導與諮商學報，56，1-16。http://doi.org/10.3966/172851862019090056001
張心怡、馮瑞鶯、曾仁美（2018）。兒童身體虐待倖存者之療癒歷程—破土而生，迂迴成長。護理雜誌，65（3），47-57。http://doi.org/10.6224/JN.201806_65(3).08
張思嘉（2001）。擇偶歷程與婚前關係的形成與發展。中華心理衛生學刊，14（4），1-29。
張思嘉（2006）。家庭與婚姻：台灣心理學研究的現況與趨勢。本土心理學研究，26，3-34。http://doi.org/10.6254/2006.26.3
張思嘉（2009）。婚前關係與婚後適應：一個長期性的研究。中華心理學刊，51（3），319-339。http://doi.org/10.6129/CJP.2009.5103.03
張思嘉、李雅雯（2009）。擇偶歷程中影響關係發展的關鍵因素。中華輔導與諮商學報，25，179-212。http://doi.org/10.7082/CJGC.200903.0179
畢恆達（1995）。生活經驗研究的反省：詮釋學的觀點。本土心理學研究，4，224-259。http://doi.org/10.6254/1995.4.224
陳思儒（2005）。婚暴對目睹兒童之潛在影響。諮商與輔導，233，9-11。http://doi.org/10.29837/CG.200505.0002
陳純瑾（2009）。目睹婚暴成年女性婚姻中的韌性展現〔未發表之碩士論文〕。輔仁大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/c5dkv6
陳婉真、江守峻、黃禎慧、吳國慶（2017）。初探關係創傷經驗在長期諮商之樣貌與影響：從心理師的觀點。本土諮商心理學學刊，9（4），1-22。http://jicp.heart.net.tw/article/JICP9-4-1.pdf
陳榮華（2017）。海德格《存有與時間》闡釋（三版）。國立臺灣大學出版中心。http://doi.org/ 10.6327/NTUPRS-9789863502418
陳嬿任（2009）。友情、愛情與親情三種情感關係的共同性與獨特性―普遍性友誼的探究〔未發表之碩士論文〕。國立政治大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/n92749
彭心怡、劉淑慧、洪瑞斌、盧怡任、張嘉惠（2015）。從易經內涵探討生涯發展中轉化之經驗結構。台灣心理諮商季刊，7（2），20-48。http://jicp.heart.net.tw/article/TCQ7-2-2.pdf
游美貴（2020）。家庭暴力防治：社工對被害人服務實務（二版）。洪葉文化。
鈕文英（2018）。質性研究方法與論文寫作（第二版）。雙葉書廊。
黃心怡、楊愉安、溫筱雯、林良穗、沈瓊桃（2016）。都是權控惹的禍？多元化親密伴侶暴力型態之服務挑戰。亞洲家庭暴力與性侵害期刊，12（2），57-84。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=19945779-201612-201703060011-201703060011-85-112
楊美婷（2003）。目睹父母婚姻暴力之成年子女生命歷程探究〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立高雄師範大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/az76c6
楊懿恬、高淑芳（2012）。原生家庭與親密關係對成人依附風格的影響。諮商與輔導，316，37-40。http://doi.org/10.29837/CG.201204.0015
葛書倫（2013）。她說？他說？再思親密關係暴力的權控論述：以北投經驗為例。社區發展季刊，142，264-272。
廖小雯、程景琳（2011）。成年初顯期的自我認同狀態、自我定義記憶之解釋歷程與心理幸福感之關係探討。應用心理研究，51，79-110。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=15609251-201109-201208090025-201208090025-79-110
劉韋佐（2019年12月12日）。七年級生，你是如何「轉大人」的？從家庭脈絡看臺灣青少年的成長歷程。中央研究院研之有物（中央研究院科普媒體）。https://research.sinica.edu.tw/teenagers-typ-youth-project-family/
劉淑慧、夏允中、王智弘、孫頌賢（2019）。自我及其在生活世界中的運作：從存在現象學處境結構觀之。中華輔導與諮商學報，55，1-26。http://doi.org/10.3966/172851862019050055001
劉惠琴（2001）。大學生戀愛關係的維持歷程。中華心理衛生學刊，14（3），1-31。
劉菀玲（2008）。兒少時期經驗雙重家庭暴力者之復原力探究〔未發表之碩士論文〕。國立臺中教育大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/5h3s9k
衛生福利部心理及口腔健康司家庭暴力與性侵害防治－醫事人員工作手冊研議團隊（2017年05月25日）。家庭暴力與性侵害防治－醫事人員工作手冊。 https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/domhaoh/cp-478-1797-107.html
盧怡任、劉淑慧（2014）。受苦轉變經驗之存在現象學探究：存在現象學和諮商與心理治療理論的對話。教育心理學報，45（3），413-433。http://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.20130711.2
盧怡任、劉淑慧（2015）。處境結構分析：經由語義學分析與反思抵達存有學理解。教育與心理研究，38（2），31-57。http://doi.org/10.3966/102498852015063802002
戴世玫（2013）。轉動中的權力控制輪：美國家庭暴力實務研究的多元圖像論述。社區發展季刊，142，164-175。https://cdj.sfaa.gov.tw/journal/Content?gno=2845
戴谷霖、陳慶福、黃素雲（2014）。兒時目睹家暴之受暴婦女在諮商中所知覺重要事件之研究。教育心理學報，45（3），367-391。http://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.20130701
謝文宜（2006）。為什麼結婚：國內將婚伴侶婚姻承諾考量因素之探討。中華輔導學報，20，51-82。http://doi.org/10.7082/CARGC.200609.0051
顏欣怡、卓紋君（2013）。大學生情侶之愛情風格、溝通姿態、關係滿意度及關係承諾度之探討－對偶分析研究。中華心理衛生學刊，26（3），443-485。http://doi.org/10.30074/FJMH.201309_26(3).0005
譚慧蘭（2012）。目賭婚姻暴力之子女其目睹經驗、社會訊息處理與成年期親密關係之探究〔未發表之碩士論文〕。淡江大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/bq32vg

英文部分
Alvesson, M., & Sköldberg, K. (2009). Reflexive methodology: New vistas for qualitative research (2nd ed.). Sage.
Andrea, W., Ford, J., Stolbach, B., Spinazzola, J., & Van der Kolk, B. A. (2012). Understanding interpersonal trauma in children: Why we need a developmentally appropriate trauma diagnosis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 187. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01154.x
Arias, B. J., & Johnson, C. V. (2013). Voices of healing and recovery from childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 22(7), 822–841. http://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2013.830669
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American psychologist, 55(5), 469. http://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.5.469
Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens to the twenties. Oxford University Press.
Arnett, J. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for? Child Development Perspectives, 1, 68-73. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x
Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal of Communication, 28(3), 12-29. http://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.x
Barnett, O., Miller-Perrin, C. L., & Perrin, R. D. (2011). Family violence across the lifespan: An introduction(3rd ed.). Sage
Baxter, L.A., Braithwaite, D.O., & Nicholson, J. H. (1999). Turning points in the development of blended families. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16(3), 291-313. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407599163002
Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.130.5.421
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. (2 Edition). Basic Books.
Bradshaw, J.(2014). 家庭會傷人－自我重生的新契機（鄭玉英、趙家玉譯；二版）。張老師文化。（原著出版於2006）
Brewster, M. P. (2003). Power and Control Dynamics in Prestalking and Stalking Situations. Journal of Family Violence, 18(4), 207-217. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024064214054
Buhrmester, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, M. T., & Reis, H. T. (1988). Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(6), 991-1008. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.55.6.991
Busby, D. M., Walker, E. C., & Holman, T. B. (2011). The association of childhood trauma with perceptions of self and the partner in adult romantic relationship. Personal Relationship, 18, 547-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01316.x
Button, D. M. & Gealt, R. (2010).High risk behaviors among victims of sibling violence. Journal of Family Violence, 25, 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-009-9276-x
Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2006). The Foundations of Posttraumatic Growth: An Expanded Framework. In L. G. Calhoun & R. G. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research & Practice (pp. 3–23). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice. Routledge. https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315805597
Campbell, L., & Fletcher, G. J. (2015). Romantic relationships, ideal standards, and mate selection. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 97-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.01.007
Capella, C., Lama, X., Rodríguez, L., Águila, D., Beiza, G., Dussert, D., & Gutierrez, C. (2016). Winning a race: Narratives of healing and psychotherapy in children and adolescents who have been sexually abused. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(1), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2015.1088915
Chan, K. L. (2012). Preventing family violence: A multidisciplinary approach (Vol. 1). Hong Kong University Press (Ed.).
Chouliara, Z., Karatzias, T., & Gullone, A. (2014). Recovering from childhood sexual abuse: A theoretical framework for practice and research. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 21(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12048
Corey, G., Corey, M. S., & Corey, C.（2019）。專業助人工作倫理【二版】（修慧蘭、林蔚芳、洪莉竹譯；初版）。雙葉書廊。（原著出版於2019）
Crapolicchio, E., Vezzali, L., & Regalia, C. (2021). “I forgive myself”: The association between self‐criticism, self‐acceptance, and PTSD in women victims of IPV, and the buffering role of self‐efficacy. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(2), 252-265.
Cunningham, A., Jaffe, P. G., Baker, L., Dick, T., Malla, S., Mazaheri, N., & Poisson, S. (1998). Theory-derived explanations of male violence against female partners: Literature update and related implications for treatment and evaluation. London: London Family Court Clinic.
David, P. (2014). Research Findings on the Major Sources of Marital Conflict. Pair Bonding and Repair: Essays on Intimacy and Couple Therapy, 28. http://pauldavidphd.com/wp-content/uploads/Pair-Bonding-Repair.pdf.
Delamont, S. (2016). Fieldwork in educational settings: Methods, pitfalls and perspectives. Routledge.
DeVito, J. A. (2007). The interpersonal communication book. Allyn & Bacon.
Dickinson, S. (2020). Post-traumatic growth in the twenty-first century: how current trends may threaten our ability to grow after trauma. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1752782
Dinero, R. E., Conger, R. D., Shaver, P. R., Keith F., Widaman, K. F.& Larsen-Rife, D. (2008). Influence of family of origin and adult romantic partners on romantic attachment security. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(3), 622-632. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012506
Erikson, E. H., Joan, M. E. & Helen, Q. K.（2000）。人生八大階段Erikson老年研究報告－發展心理學大師艾瑞克森九十歲經典之作（周怜利譯；初版）。張老師文化。（原著出版年1997）
Feinberg, M. E. (2003). The internal structure and ecological context of coparenting: A framework for research and intervention. Parenting: Science and Practice, 3, 95-131. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327922PAR0302_01
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R.F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A.M., Edwards, V., Koss, M.P., Marks, J.S.(2019). REPRINT OF: Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 56(6), 774-786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.001
Fraley, R. C. (2002). Attachment stability from infancy to adulthood: Meta-analysis and dynamic modeling of developmental mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 123-151. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0602_03
Fraley, R. C. (2010). A brief overview of adult attachment theory and research. Internal Psychology University of Illinois.
Giorgi, A. (1997). The theory, practice, and evaluation of the phenomenological method as a qualitative research procedure. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 28(2), 235-260. https://doi.org/10.1163/156916297X00103
Giorgi, A. (2000). Concerning the application of phenomenology to caring research. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences,14(1), 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2000.tb00555.x
Gould, R. L. (1978). Transformations: Growth and change in adult life. Simon & Schuster.
Gover, A. R., Park M., Tomsich, E. A., & Jennings, W. G. (2011). Dating violence perpetration and victimization among South Korean college students: A focus on gender and childhood maltreatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 1232-1263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510368161
Gunnur, K.& Kristine,S. (2014). Therapy for childhood sexual abuse survivors using attachment and family systems theory orientations. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 42, 79-91.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0501_1
Herman, J. L.（2018）。從創傷到復原：性侵與家暴倖存者的絕望與重生（施宏達、陳文琪、向淑容譯；初版）。左岸文化。（原著出版於2015）。
Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Moylan, C. A. (2008). Intersection of child abuse and children’s exposure to domestic violence. Trauma Violence & Abuse, 9(2), 84-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838008314797
Heywood, I., Sammut, D., & Bradbury-Jones, C. (2019). A qualitative exploration of 'thrivership' among women who have experienced domestic violence and abuse: Development of a new model. BMC Women's Health, 19(1), 1-15. https://doi.o rg/10.1186/s12905-019-0789-z
Hocking, E. C., Simons, R. M., & Surette, R. J. (2016). Attachment style as a mediator between childhood maltreatment and the experience of betrayal trauma as an adult. Child Abuse and Neglect, 52, 94-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.01.001
Hook, M. K., Gerstein, L. H., Detterich, L., & Gridley, B. (2003). How close are we? Measuring intimacy and examining gender differences. Journal of Counseling and Development, 81(4), 462-472. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2003.tb00273.x
Hycner, R.H. (1985). Some guidelines for the phenomenological analysis of interview data. Hum Stud 8, 279-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00142995
Joanne, M. H., Sandra, P. T., Clifton, R. T.,& Kimberly, M. B. (2009). Thriving as becoming resolute in narratives of women surviving childhood maltreatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(3), 375-386. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016531
Kalsched, D.（2018）。創傷的內在世界：生命中難以承受的重，心靈如何回應（彭玲嫻、康琇喬、連芯、魏宏晉譯，初版）。心靈工坊。（原著出版於1996）
Kapeleris, A. R., & Paivio, S. C. (2011). Identity and emotional competence as mediators of the relation between childhood psychological maltreatment and adult love relationships. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 20(6), 617-635. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2011.595764
Karakurt, G., Keiley, M., & Posada, G. (2013). Intimate relationship aggression in college couples: Family-of-origin violence, egalitarian attitude, attachment security. Journal of family violence, 28(6), 561-575. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2011.595764
Keiley, M. K. (2002). Attachment and affect regulation: A framework for family treatment of conduct disorder. Family Process, 41, 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2002.41312.x
Kernsmith, P. (2005). Exerting Power or Striking Back: A Gendered Comparison of Motivations for Domestic Violence Perpetration. Violence and Victims, 20(2): 173-185. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16075665/
King, N., Horrocks, C., & Brooks, J. (2018). Interviews in qualitative research. Sage.
Knapp, M. L., & Vangelisti, A. L. (2009). Interpersonal communication and human relationships. Pearson Allyn & Bacon.
Levinson, D. J. (1986). A conception of adult development. American Psychologist, 41(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.1.3
Lopez, F. G., & Gover, M. R. (1993). Self-report measures of parent-adolescent attachment and separation-individuation: A selective Review. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 560-569. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02243.x
McClennen, J. C., Keys, A. M., & Dugan-Day, M. L. (2017). Social Work and Family Violence: Theories, Assessment, and Intervention(2nd ed.). Springer.
McGoldrick, M., & Carter, B. (2003). The family life cycle. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Normal family processes: Growing diversity and complexity (pp. 375–398). The Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203428436_chapter_14
McGoldrick, M., Heiman, M., & Carter, B. (1993). The changing family life cycle: A perspective on normalcy. Normal Family Processes, 2, 405-443.
McKeen, J. & Wong, B.（2005）。關係花園（易之新譯；初版）。心靈工坊。（原著出版於1996）
Meeus, W. (2003). Parental and peer support, identity development and psychological well-being in adolescence. Psychology: The Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, 10(2), 192-201.
Meeus, W., Iedema, J., Helsen, M., & Vollebergh, W. (1999). Patterns of adolescent identity development: Review of literature and longitudinal analysis. Developmental Review, 19, 419-461. https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1999.0483
Moss, B. F., & Schwebel, A. I. (1993). Defining intimacy in romantic relationships. Family Relations, 31-37. https://doi.org/10.2307/584918
Moustakas, C. E. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Sage.
Mullender, A., Hague, G., Imam, U. F., Kelly, L., Malos, E., & Regan, L. (2002). Children's perspectives on domestic violence. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446220795.n4
Nelson, S. (2015). Adult attachment and relationship satisfaction among men who experienced childhood abuse (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Walden University.
Orlofsky, J. L., & Roades, L. A. (1993). Intimacy Status Interview and rating scales. Ego identity: A handbook for psychological research, 334-358.
Padykula, L. N., & Conklin, P. (2010). The self-regulation model of attachment trauma and addiction. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38(4), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-009-0204-6
Paolillo, N. (2006). Factors that interrupt intergenerational cycle of violence in men who have witnessed domestic violence as children(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Alliant International University.
Platt, R. A. L., Nalbone, D. P., Casanova, G. M., & Wetchler, J. L. (2008). Parental conflict and infidelity as predictors of adult children’s attachment style and infidelity. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 36, 149-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180701236258
Pollak, S.D., Cicchetti, D., Hornung, K., & Reed, A.(2000). Recognizing emotion in faces: developmental effects of child abuse and neglect. Developmental Psychology, 36(5), 679-688. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.5.679
Pope, A. L. (2013). Intimate relationship commitment: An integrated conceptual model. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 12 (3), 270-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2013.806717
Rademaker, A. R., Vermetten, E., Geuze, E., Muilwijk, A., & Kleber R. J. (2008). Self-reported early trauma as a predictor of adult personality: A study in a military sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(7)), 863-875. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20495
Rendon, J. (2015). Upside: The new science of post-traumatic growth. Simon and Schuster.
Ristock, J. (2002). No More Secrets: Violence in Lesbian Relationships (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203800799
Rossman, G.B. & Rallis, S.F. (2012). Learning in the Field: An Introduction to Qualitative Research. Sage.
Scharf, M., & Mayseless, O. (2001). The capacity for romantic intimacy: Exploring the contribution of best friend and marital and parental relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 24(3), 379-399. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2001.0405
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2014). Adult attachment and emotion regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 23-250). The Guilford Press.
Shaw, R. (2010). QM3: Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In M. A. Forrester (Ed.), Doing qualitative research in psychology: A practical guide (pp. 177-201). Sage.
Smith‐Marek, E. N., Cafferky, B., Dharnidharka, P., Mallory, A. B., Dominguez, M., High, J., ... & Mendez, M. (2015). Effects of childhood experiences of family violence on adult partner violence: A meta‐analytic review. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 7(4), 498-519. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12113
Stark, E. (2012). Looking beyond domestic violence: Policing coercive control. Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations, 12(2), 199-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332586.2012.725016
Sternberg, R. J. (1986). A triangular theory of love. Psychological Review, 93(2), 119-135. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.93.2.119
Sternberg, R. J. (1987). Most Vocabulary Is Learned from Context. In M. McKeown, & M. E. Curtis (Eds.). The Nature of Vocabulary Acquisition (pp. 89-106). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Sternberg, R. J., & Grajek, S. (1984). The nature of love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(2), 312-329. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.47.2.312
Stidham, A. W., Draucker, C. B., Martsolf, D. S., & Mullen, L. P. (2012). Altruism in survivors of sexual violence: The typology of helping others. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 18(3), 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390312440595
Tai, T. O., Yi, C. C., & Liu, C. H. (2019). Early marriage in Taiwan: Evidence from panel data. Journal of Family Issues, 40(14), 1989-2014. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19863211
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Target Article: "Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence". Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
Van der Kolk, B. A. (2017)。心靈的傷，身體會記住（劉思潔譯；初版）。大家出版。（原著出版於2015）
Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (1992). Intergenerational transmission of parenting: A review of studies in nonclinical populations. Developmental Review, 12, 76-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(92)90004-L
Van Manen, M.（2005）.探究生活經驗：建立敏思行動教育學的人文科學（高淑清、連雅慧、林月琴譯；初版）。濤石文化。（原著出版年1997）
Verderber, K. S., Verderber, R. F., & Berryman-Fink, C. (2010). Inter-act: Interpersonal communication concepts, skills, and contexts. Oxford Uinversity Press.
Walker, L. E. (1979). The Battered Woman. Harper and Row.
Wallace, H., Roberson, C., & Globokar, J. L. (2019). Family Violence: Legal, Medical, and Social Perspectives(9th ed.). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Wallerstein, J. S. (1994). The early psychological tasks of marriage: Part I. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64(4), 640-650. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0079562
Wallerstein, J. S. (1996). The psychological tasks of marriage: Part 2. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 66(2), 217-227. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0080173
Willis, D. G., Rhodes, A. M., Dionne-Odom, J. N., Lee, K., & Terreri, P. (2015). A hermeneutic phenomenological understanding of men’s healing from childhood maltreatment. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 33(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010114552706