臺灣白甲魚是臺灣分布最廣的初級性淡水魚種之一，其對於水質及環境變遷的高敏感性，使其具備成為水質指標生物的優良條件。可經由調查此魚種的族群變動，便可評估水體水質狀態，並擬定環境保護及保育措施；因此本研究希望深入研究臺灣白甲魚的生長和生殖狀況，研究的結果將可作為環境評估及政策擬定的可用參數，進而對於臺灣河川基礎調查及環境保護有所助益。
本研究於2019年4月至2020年10月間，每月於新竹縣頭前溪支流的上坪堰採集臺灣白甲魚樣本；此攔水堰所屬魚道因效能不彰，而成為臺灣白甲魚及他種魚類洄游時的人工障礙物，大量魚隻上溯時受阻而滯留於堰下，使其成為觀察魚類洄游生態的最佳檢查點，因此本研究遂將上坪堰作為了解臺灣白甲魚洄游及生理變化的樣點。本研究共採集292尾雌魚、76尾雄魚及20尾未知性別之樣本；藉由形質量測和解剖得知臺灣白甲魚雌、雄魚50%性成熟體長分別為16.0及7.7公分，並由生殖腺成熟度、生殖腺指數及肥滿度推算上坪堰族群繁殖季時程；在彙整過往臺灣白甲魚繁殖季研究及相關水文資料，並與本研究結果相比對後，發現生殖腺的初始發育可能因11至12月有足量的冬季降雨，或是1至2月時的水溫明顯上升而引發。在初步發育後，仍須受到春季降雨的再次刺激，才可發育至最終成熟狀態；另外，若春季水溫回升速度大於每月4℃，可能使臺灣白甲魚的繁殖季較縮短且集中。
在生長狀況的部分，本研究以鱗片作為臺灣白甲魚年齡判斷及生長曲線探討的材料，並參考過往文獻研究流程，以鱗片暗輪清晰程度來篩選鱗片採樣區域，再經由鱗片輪徑及魚隻體長關係程度，篩選出最適合用於臺灣白甲魚年齡判斷的特定單一鱗片，此鱗片位在側線下方胸鰭末端處；藉由此鱗片得知上坪堰族群之鱗片一年生成一次暗輪，並以此鱗片與樣本形質資訊計算成長曲線後，求得雌雄魚極限理論體長分別為38.1及42.8公分，全長則為45.4公分及50.9公分，且得知雌魚成長速度較雄魚快、成熟時間較晚但壽命較長。
最後根據本研究結果，建議將臺灣白甲魚可利用體型下限訂為全長23公分，並將每年春季初次降雨後的三個月訂為禁漁期；而上坪堰主管單位應將堰壩下游50公尺內河段設為禁漁區，並於每年春季降雨前疏通魚道，且於之後三個月內隨時確認魚道之暢通，以利臺灣白甲魚洄游及繁殖。

Taiwan shoveljaw carp, Onychostoma barbatulum, is a practical fresh water bioindicator as it has a broad latitudinal and altitudinal distribution in Taiwan, prefers residing in uncontaminated water, and is sensitive to environmental changes. Therefore, it is vital to grasp its life-story to monitor the population dynamics. Several researches have demonstrated the age determination and growth of the Taiwan shoveljaw carp. However, seldom showed the growth of a whole population, and their meth-ods still have rooms for improvement. In this research, we revised the methods of the experiment and analysis and showed the growth of a whole population of Taiwan shoveljaw carp. Samples of Taiwan shoveljaw carp were collected from April 2019 to October 2020 once a month at Shangping Weir lo-cated in the tributary of Touquian River. Due to the inoperative fishway of Shangping Weir, numerous Taiwan shoveljaw carps get stuck beneath the weir during their seasonal migration. Hence, it is rea-sonable to take Shangping Weir as a check point for studying the ecology of migration and getting an insight about the physiological changes of Taiwan shoveljaw carp during the migration. 388 samples (females, 292; males, 76; unknown gender, 20) were collected and the 50% sexual maturity standard length of female and male Taiwan shoveljaw carps are 16.0 cm and 7.7 cm, respectively. By compar-ing the maturity stages of gonads, gonado-somatic index, condition factor, and hydrologic conditions from this study and former research, we found that the initial development of gonads could be trig-gered by enough precipitation between November and December or the rise of water temperature between January and February, the high precipitation in spring led to the final maturation of gonads, and the timespan of the breeding season would be shortened when the heating rate of water tempera-ture in spring is higher than 4℃/month. In terms of the growth of Taiwan shoveljaw carp, we used scales for the age determination. We revised the experimental methods of former research, and use the clarity of the scale rings as the primary consideration for the scale selection. Then, by comparing the relationship of the scale radius and fish standard length, we found that the scale from the area at the tip of the pectoral fin and below the lateral line are most suitable for age determination. The scale rings forma annually and the asymptotic standard lengths of female and male Taiwan shoveljaw carps are 38.1 cm and 42.8 cm and total lengths are 45.4 cm and 50.9 cm respectively. Furthermore, females grow faster and have longer lifespan than males but have later maturity. Finally, according to the re-sults from this study, we suggest that individuals shorter than total length 23 cm should not be kept and a fish closed season should be run for three months after the first rainfall in spring to protect Tai-wan shoveljaw carp. As in Shangping Weir, we suggest the adminstrators to unblock the fishway during the fish closed and set a closed fishing area from the weir to 50 m downstream of the weir.

中文摘要 --------------------------------i
Abstract--------------------------------ii
第一章、 前言-----------------------------1
第一節、 臺灣白甲魚生態及近況--------------1
第二節、 臺灣白甲魚繁殖--------------------1
第三節、 魚類年齡及成長分析方法------------2
第四節、 臺灣白甲魚年齡判別----------------4
第五節、 研究動機 ------------------------5
第二章、 材料與方法-----------------------7
第一節、 上坪堰樣本及水文資料收集----------7
第二節、 臺灣白甲魚繁殖季及水文因子探討資料--8
第三節、 樣本處理及判讀-------------------10
第四節、 資料分析-------------------------11
第三章、 結果-----------------------------16
第一節、 樣本及水文分析結果----------------16
第二節、 生理分析結果---------------------17
第三節、 鱗片篩選結果---------------------20
第四節、 年齡判讀結果與成長曲線------------21
第三節、 繁殖季週期與水文因子關係分析結果---23
第四章、 討論-----------------------------25
第一節、 上坪堰魚群週期性變化--------------25
第二節、 臺灣白甲魚生理探討----------------26
第三節、 鱗片分析結果探討------------------26
第四節、 鱗片判讀技術的探討及應用-----------29
第五節、 臺灣白甲魚成長--------------------30
第六節、 探討繁殖週期時所需的水文資料--------33
第七節、 垂釣限制與禁漁規範-----------------33
第五章、 結論------------------------------35
第六章、 建議------------------------------36
參考文獻----------------------------------37
表----------------------------------------42
圖---------------------------------------55
附錄-------------------------------------95

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