休息對於解決工作中的壓力、疲勞與維持個人的工作績效十分重要。然而，以高中教師的工作性質來說，擁有規律的工作休息是很困難的；而對那些在教學工作外，亦須兼任學校行政工作之教師而言尤是如此。基於現有的工作休息研究，本研究旨在了解並改善台灣高中教師兼行政者缺乏工作休息的情況。此篇研究首先對23位台灣高中兼行政教師進行訪談，以了解不同校行政教師的工作休息慣例與理想。根據訪談的回饋，本研究開發了一個臉書聊天機器人系統 Take a Break，其可於使用者自行設定的時間到時，提示使用者進行規律的工作休息。接著，此研究於台灣南部一所高中進行了兩週的探索性實地研究，收集了10位教師兼行政者的工作休息行為和心得，並於實驗後進行個別的半結構化訪談。結果顯示不同種類的的工作休息對教師兼行政者工作休息效益的影響與因素。最後，此研究也討論了休息干預的影響、限制與未來建議，用以鼓勵行政教師從事健康且規律的工作休息。

Break-taking is essential to tackle stress and fatigue at work as well as to maintain personal job performance. However, it might be hard for high school teachers to take regular breaks due to the nature of their work, not to mention those who also work as school administrative staff in addition to teaching work. Building on existing research on break-taking in workplaces, this current research seeks to understand and improve the work-break practices of senior high school teachers with administrative duties in Taiwan, who suffered from insufficient breaks in their day-to-day life. This work first conducted 23 one-on-one pre-study interviews to collect the work break practices and desires among teachers with administrative duties from different schools in Taiwan. Based on the feedback from the interviews, the research developed the chatbot Take a Break, a Facebook chatbot system that enables people to set their desired work break timings and prompts them to take regular breaks. Then, the study did a two-week exploratory field study at one high school in southern Taiwan with the chatbot Take a Break to collect 10 teachers with administrative duties’ work break behaviors and followed by semi-structured interviews. Results showed insights into factors affecting the effectiveness of different types of work breaks among teachers with administrative duties. The study concluded with a discussion of the implications of break interventions as well as the limitations and future suggestions to encourage healthy and regular break-taking routines among teachers with administrative duties.

Table of Contents
Abstract-------------------------------------------------------------1
List of Tables-------------------------------------------------------5
1. Introduction------------------------------------------------------6
2. Literature review-------------------------------------------------7
2.1 Breaks in the Workplace------------------------------------------7
2.1.1 Definition and Types of Work Breaks----------------------------7
2.1.2 Benefits of Work Breaks----------------------------------------8
2.1.3 Barriers that Prevent Workers from Taking Breaks---------------9
2.2 Health-Promoting Break Prompt-----------------------------------10
2.2.1 Promoting Breaks via Personal Informatics---------------------10
2.2.2 Promoting Breaks with Tangible-Based Devices------------------14
2.2.3 Promoting Breaks in Restorative Environments------------------14
2.3 Theories of Restorative Environments----------------------------15
2.3.1 Promoting Breaks via Person Attention Restoration Theory------15
2.3.2 Simulating Restorative Environments---------------------------16
2.3.3 Personal Preferences for Restorative Experiences--------------17
2.4 Design Break-Taking Activities for Teachers with Administrative Duties--------------------------------------------------------------17
2.4.1 Overview of the Profession of High School teachers with administrative duties in Taiwan-------------------------------------17
2.4.2 Stress, Fatigue, and Performance of Teachers with Administrative Duties--------------------------------------------------------------18
2.4.3 Restorative Break Environments in School Settings-------------19
2.5 Summary---------------------------------------------------------19
3. Methods----------------------------------------------------------20
3.1 Study Procedure-------------------------------------------------20
3.1.1 Pre-study Interview-------------------------------------------21
3.1.2 Design of the Chatbot Take a Break----------------------------21
3.1.3 Data Collection with the Chatbot “Take a Break”---------------24
3.1.4 Post-study Survey and Interview-------------------------------24
3.2 Participants Overview-------------------------------------------25
3.3 The Flow of the Chatbot “Take a Break”--------------------------27
3.4 Data Analysis---------------------------------------------------30
3.4.1 Pre-study Interview-------------------------------------------30
3.4.2 Chatbot Data Analyses-----------------------------------------30
3.4.3 Post-study Survey and Interview-------------------------------31
4. Results----------------------------------------------------------32
4.1 Break-taking Routines and Expectations--------------------------32
4.1.1 Overview of Work Break Definition, Timing, and Duration-------32
4.1.2 Overview of Work Break Activities and Environments------------33
4.1.3 Overview of Work Break Difficulties and Expectations----------33
4.2 Experience of Using the Chatbot “Take a Break”------------------34
4.2.1 Overview of the Perceived Activities Difficulty---------------35
4.2.2 Overview of the Perceived Activities Effectiveness------------36
4.2.3 Reaction toward Prompts---------------------------------------37
4.2.4 Reaction toward Writing Reflection----------------------------38
4.2.5 Change of the Fatigue Level at Work---------------------------39
4.2.6 Overall Impressions of the Chatbot “Take a Break” User Experience----------------------------------------------------------40
5. Discussions------------------------------------------------------41
5.1 Effectiveness of the Chatbot “Take a Break” Intervention--------41
5.2 Promote Healthy Break-taking Activities in Workplaces-----------42
5.3 Implications of Break Prompts in Workplaces---------------------43
5.4 Limitations and future research---------------------------------44
6. Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------45
References----------------------------------------------------------46


List of Tables
TABLE 1. Prior research related to break-promoting designs using personal informatics------------------------------------------------12
TABLE 2. The phases of the design research process------------------20
TABLE 3. Overview of break activities used in the study-------------22
TABLE 4. The demographics overview of the participants in study 1---25
TABLE 5. The demographics overview of the participants in study 2---27
TABLE 6. Steps of using the chatbot “Take a Break”------------------28

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