我們的日常生活中􏰀在著不同形式的提醒。研究顯示，由於視覺式提醒在我們 的日常生活中無所不在，可能會導致使用者的疲勞和干擾。因此，跨感官提醒 模式因而出現。在我們所有的五種感覺中，嗅覺與我們的記憶和情感高度相 關。根據研究，使用嗅覺提醒作為人們日常生活中的通知是有潛力的。然而， 嗅覺提醒的設計空間仍未得到充分開發。此外，大多數基於氣味的通知提醒大 多為透過實驗室內進行，並未透過田野實驗觀察隨時間推移在現實環境中的影 響。這項研究提出了一項實體裝置，該裝置可以在氣味通知下捕獲人們在現實 生活中如何執行低頻率(植物澆水)和高頻率(喝水)的任務。本研究進行為 期 14 天的田野實驗，招募七名來自四個不同公司的參與者。量化數據表示，在 基準周和實驗週之間，參與者的飲水量以及飲水和植物澆水的頻率沒有明顯變 化。但是，參與者提到了有關他們對氣味通知的感知和反應的一些見解。超過 一半的參與者認為研究後他們的飲水量增加，正向心理、一般自我效能、營養 自我效能有所提升。這項研究分享了在現實環境中實施氣味提醒的設計含義， 並有助於在人機交互領域進行氣味交互設計的經驗發現。

Different forms of reminder exist in our daily lives. Research has shown that the prevalence of visual reminders could cause fatigue and distraction to users due to its pervasiveness in our everyday life. Thus, cross-modal notification has come to light. In all of our five senses, olfactory is highly connected to our memory and emotions. Research has shown the potential of using olfactory reminder as notifications to people in their daily life. Yet the design space of olfactory reminder is still under-explored. In addition, most odor-based interventions for notification were carried out via in-lab experiments, without examining its effects in real-life context over time through field experiment. This study presents the design and implementation of a tangible device that captures how people perform low-frequency (plant watering) and high-frequency (water intake) tasks in a real-life context with the help of odor notification. A 14-day field experiment study was conducted with seven participants from four different companies. Quantitative evidences suggest that there were no significant changes regarding participants’ water drinking amount and frequencies of water intake and plant watering between the baseline week and the experiment week. However, participants mentioned several insights regarding their perceptions and reactions toward the odor notifications. More than half of participants perceived an increase in their water intake and changes on positive psychology, general self-efficacy nutritional self-efficacy after the study. This study shares design implications of implementing odor notification in the field, and contributes to the empirical findings of odor interaction design in the field of human-computer interaction.

Abstract .....................................................................................................................i
摘要......................................................................................................................... iii 目錄..........................................................................................................................iv List of Tables ...........................................................................................................vi List of Figures ........................................................................................................vii Chapter 1 Introduction............................................................................................1 Chapter 2 Literature Review...................................................................................3
2.1 Psychological and Physiological Effects of Odor.......................................................................3 2.2 Overview of Odor Design in the Field of HCI ...........................................................................4 2.3 Odor as a Notification...............................................................................................................6 2.4 Olfactory Displays....................................................................................................................8
Chapter 3 Methods ..................................................................................................9
3.1 Field Experiment Design ..........................................................................................................9 3.1.1 Study Procedure................................................................................................................9 3.1.2 Quantitative Measurements .............................................................................................10 3.1.3 Interviews.......................................................................................................................11 3.1.4 IRB Approval and Informed Consent...............................................................................12
3.2 Participants Overview.............................................................................................................12 3.3 Data Analysis Procedure .........................................................................................................12
Chapter 4 Prototype Design...................................................................................13
4.1. System Overview ..................................................................................................................13 4.2 Weighing Module ...................................................................................................................14 4.3 Scent-releasing Module ..........................................................................................................15
Chapter 5 Results...................................................................................................16
5.1 Qualitative Evidences on the Effect of Odor Notification.........................................................16 5.1.1 Perception of Odor Notifications .....................................................................................17 5.1.2 Perceived Usefulness of Odor Notifications.....................................................................18
iv
5.1.3 Perceived Ease of Use .....................................................................................................19
5.1.4 Perceived Changes in Daily Life......................................................................................19 5.2 Quantitative Evidences on the Effect of Odor Notification.......................................................21 5.2.1 Effect on Water Intake.....................................................................................................21 5.2.2 Effect on Plant Watering..................................................................................................23 5.2.3 Overview of Average Daily Task Completion...................................................................24 5.3 Effects on Participant Psychological Changes (Online Survey Data) ......................................26 5.3.1 Normality test and homogeneity ......................................................................................26 5.3.2 Internal Reliability Test ...................................................................................................27 5.3.3 Paired-samples t-test .......................................................................................................28 5.4 Summary of Results ...............................................................................................................29
Chapter 6 Discussion .............................................................................................30
6.1 Effectiveness of Odor Notification..........................................................................................30 6.2 Design Space for Odor Interaction/Notification.......................................................................32
Chapter 7 Study Limitations ................................................................................. 33 Chapter 8 Conclusion and Future Work...............................................................33 Reference ................................................................................................................ 35

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