電玩遊戲產業之發展非單一遊戲發行商貢獻的結果，而是來自一系列利害關係人的互動得以實踐。隨科技進步，遊戲利用人透過將遊戲過程以直播串流的方式轉播給大眾觀看，發展出遊戲實況和如同運動賽事一般的電競比賽之轉播遊戲內容的市場，已成為電玩遊戲產業不可忽視之部分。涉及其中之遊戲利用人諸如遊戲玩家、電競賽事舉辦者等重要性不言而喻。
遊戲發行商作為電玩遊戲的著作權人面向眾多的遊戲利用人，以由其單方擬定之遊戲利用授權定型化契約就遊戲實況與電競比賽等直播串流利用遊戲行為，設定利用遊戲的範圍與規則，有意控制遊戲內容作為觀看使用的輸出範圍、以及遊戲利用人（遊戲玩家、電競賽事舉辦者）在利用遊戲過程中產生與電玩遊戲相關的創作性利用成果（遊戲實況、電競比賽轉播影音等）。經遊戲利用授權契約塑造之權利義務關係，可能會有不利於遊戲利用人的權益的約定、締約雙方利益不平衡的情況。
本文正視遊戲利用人於電玩遊戲產業的貢獻，以實際之遊戲利用授權契約與著作權法的視角切入分析電玩遊戲產業之遊戲著作財產權的行使與利用關係。參照我國與美國司法實務與學者見解，先後定性電玩遊戲、玩家參與遊戲之玩遊戲行為、直播串流利用行為於著作權法上的關係。站在遊戲利用人之利用成果具有創作性可能的立場，從支持遊戲利用人權益的角度出發，討論遊戲利用授權契約之締約雙方利益衡平與遊戲利用人權益保護問題。
本文以遊戲著作權人與遊戲利用人間著作權法上、契約關係之釐清為主軸提出之觀察，強調遊戲利用人之重要性，建議未來遊戲發行商在擬定遊戲利用授權契約時，應適時考量遊戲利用人權益，建立友善創意之環境。

The video game industry thrives when a series of stakeholders in the industry interact with each other constantly. With media technology development, video game live streaming gradually becomes an important market for both video game publishers and users — such as video game players and video game tournament organizers who live stream video game in their activities. The success of video game live streaming market does not come from a single video game publisher’s effort, users also play an important part of it.
As the copyright owner of video games, publishers have exclusive rights of copyright of video games. They often use adhesion contracts to impose restrictions on users over when and how a game can be played and be streamed to the public. Furthermore, this kind of video game copyright licenses show that no matter how much efforts users put in while streaming video games, publishers always ask users to grant them a broad, transferable, sublicensable and royalty-free license to have the rights to use game-related content such as broadcast streams that generated by users during the approved streaming activities. Under the circumstance, Users can’t either monetize or control the use of their broadcast streams by exercising exclusive rights of copyright which might undermine users’ will to live stream video game. The terms in contracts might be considered unfair because of being one-sided in favor of publishers.
This dissertation analyzes the actual contracts drafted by video game publishers to look into how publishers establish their relationship with users and then focus on the relationship in copyright law and contract enforcement issues between video games, publishers and users. It explores users’ interests and rights in video game streaming under publishers’ exclusive control over video games.
First, it discusses the background of copyright law in Taiwan and United States applied to video games and video game live streaming. It emphasizes video game users’ contribution to video game industry, and believes that users could have some minimal creativity in their use. Therefore, in the last part of this dissertation discusses the interests and rights of users could claim under publishers’ restrictions in copyright license contract.
This dissertation shows the current video game live streaming license problems and possible means for users to protect their interests and rights in video game live streaming. Finally, it suggests that video game publishers should value users’ contribution more when draft video game copyright license contract, in order to create a friendly environment for both sides in terms of engagement and creativity.

第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究動機與目的1
第二節 研究問題與範圍3
第三節 文獻回顧5
第四節 研究方法與研究限制7
第一項 研究方法7
第二項 研究限制8
第五節 論文架構8
第二章 電玩遊戲與遊戲產業10
第一節 電玩遊戲定義與類型10
第二節 電玩遊戲產業之組成11
第一項 遊戲發行商12
第二項 遊戲玩家13
第三項 賽事舉辦者14
第三節 電玩遊戲產業中的利害關係15
第一項 遊戲產業鏈15
第二項 建立於契約之上的利害關係18
第一款 商業利用模式：遊戲發行商與賽事舉辦者19
第二款 個人利用模式：遊戲發行商與玩家26
第四節 小結——初探授權契約與著作權法關係31
第三章 電玩遊戲與著作權法34
第一節 電玩遊戲與著作權法34
第一項 我國著作權法34
第一款 著作權保護要件35
第二款 電腦程式著作：遊戲程式36
第三款 視聽著作：遊戲表達元素構成之遊戲影音37
第二項 美國著作權法39
第一款 著作權保護要件39
第二款 視聽著作：遊戲影音40
第三款 語文著作：遊戲程式碼42
第三項 電玩遊戲作為視聽著作44
第二節 玩遊戲與著作權法46
第一項 玩遊戲與創作47
第一款 遊戲自由度與創作可能性47
第二款 重製與改作51
第二項 玩遊戲與玩家利用授權契約53
第三節 小結56
第四章 直播串流利用與遊戲利用人權益58
第一節 公開轉播遊戲歷程58
第一項 直播串流利用59
第二項 利用遊戲舉辦比賽61
第三項 小結62
第二節 轉播影音與著作權法63
第一項 轉播影音63
第二項 電競比賽轉播影音的原創性64
第三項 電競比賽轉播影音著作權歸屬68
第三節 遊戲利用人權益69
第一項 再探遊戲利用授權契約約定70
第一款 授權契約分析71
第二款 契約條款之於遊戲利用人權利義務之影響76
第三款 契約當事人間利益平衡82
第四款 遊戲利用授權契約之反思87
第二項 合理使用90
第一款 利用之目的及性質91
第二款 著作之性質94
第三款 利用之質量94
第四款 利用結果對潛在市場與現在價值之影響95
第五款 小結99
第三項 展望遊戲著作權人與遊戲利用人關係100
第五章 結論102
參考文獻 105

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