量子雜訊普遍存在於物理世界，根據測不準原理任何量測的精準度在量子尺度下都會受到最小測不準值的量子限制。然而近幾十年實驗的研究證明，在量測系統裡引入非古典光－壓縮態（squeezed state）的方式可以突破量子限制，因此壓縮態的產生與量測成為一個重要的議題。
而平衡零差偵測器（balanced homodyne detector）是目前所有量測壓縮態實驗裡最普遍的偵測方法。而平衡零差偵測器較廣泛的設計方式是基於克希荷夫電流定律，將兩顆光電二極體量測到的光電流直接相減後，再以轉阻放大器將光電流差值轉換成輸出電壓。
平衡零差偵測器最重要的兩個檢測指標分別為淨空區（clearance）以及共模互斥比（common-mode rejection ratio）。淨空區越大則所能量測壓縮態訊號的準確性越高；而共模互斥比代表平衡零差偵測器消除共模訊號的能力，在量測壓縮態的實驗裡共模互斥比越高代表抑制本地震盪光（local oscillator）雷射技術雜訊（technical laser noise）的能力越強。
本論文著重在改良第一代平衡零差偵測器的淨空區，我們加入了一個場效電晶體在轉阻放大器前並縮減為一階放大器後，降低了暗雜訊並成功將淨空區從第一代的23.02 dB增加到30.27 dB（在相同入射總光功率30 mW及量測頻率2.5 MHz下進行量測比較）。

Quantum noise is universal in the physical world. According to uncertainty principle, the accuracy of any measurement is restricted by the quantum limit of the smallest uncertainty value at quantum scale. However, experimental research in recent decades has proved that the introduction of non-classical light（squeezed state）into the measurement system can break through the quantum limit, so the generation and measurement of squeezed state has become an important issue.
Balanced homodyne detector is the most common detection method in all experiments of measuring the squeezed state currently. The most extensive design method of balanced homodyne detector is based on Kirchhoff's current law, which directly subtracts the photocurrent measured by two photodiodes, and then uses a transimpedance amplifier to convert the difference of photocurrent into output voltage.
The two most important detection indicators of a balanced homodyne detector are clearance and common-mode rejection ratio. The larger the clearance, the higher the accuracy of the measured squeezed signal; and the common-mode rejection ratio represents the ability of balanced homodyne detector to eliminate the common mode signal. In experiment of measuring squeezed state, the higher common-mode rejection ratio, the stronger the ability to suppress laser technology noise（technical laser noise）of local oscillator.
This paper focuses on improving clearance of first-generation balanced homodyne detector. We added a field-effect transistor before the transimpedance amplifier and reduced balanced homodyne detector to a first-stage amplifier. Finally we reduced the dark noise and successfully increased clearance from 23.02 dB to 30.27 dB（measured and compared under the same incident total optical power of 30 mW and measurement frequency of 2.5 MHz）.

摘要-------------------i
Abstract--------------ii
致謝-----------------iii
目錄-------------------v
圖目錄--------------viii
表目錄---------------xii
第一章 序論-------------1
第二章 研究原理---------11
第三章 實驗架構---------48
第四章 實驗結果與分析----69
第五章 總結與未來工作----96
參考文獻----------------99

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