本論文介紹了轉阻放大器(Transimpdance Amplifier)。此放大器是光接收系統中的重要樞紐，前級為感光元件，後級為受光系統，同時也是混沌脈光達系統(Chaos LiDAR System)的主要項目，當雪崩光電二極體(Avalanche Photo Diode)被光照射時會產生光電流，透過轉阻放大器將其轉換成電壓，以利後續的電路能夠以電壓訊號的方式進行處理。
我們提出的架構可驅動陣列雪崩光電二極體的寄生大電容，並且操作頻寬大於 500 MHz，同時能夠解決陣列雪崩光電二極體彼此之間的不匹配會造成 1V的擊穿電壓誤差。我們採用了 90 奈米互補式金屬氧化物半導體製程，混合使用供電3.3V和1V的電晶體，不僅能達到寬頻和解決雪崩光電二極體誤差的問題，也方便在後續整合到系統中。
設計方面，加入直流消去電路(DC cancellation circuit)，使得混合使用不同供電的電晶體之設計能夠實現，也提供了高通濾波的效果，使後續系統能達到更好的訊號雜訊比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio)

This thesis introduces the transimpedance amplifier. This amplifier is an important hub in the light receiving system. The front stage is the photosensitive element and the rear stage is the light receiving system. At the same time, it is also the main project of the Chaos LiDAR system. When the avalanche photo diode is irradiated by light, it will generate photocurrent and convert it into voltage through the transimpedance amplifier, so that the subsequent circuit can process it in the form of the voltage signal.
Our proposed architecture can drive the parasitic large capacitance of the array avalanche photodiodes, and the operating bandwidth is greater than 500 MHz, and can solve the 1V breakdown voltage error caused by the mismatch between the array avalanche photodiodes. We use 90nm process and mixed use of 3.3V and 1V transistors, which can not only achieve high bandwidth and solve the problem of avalanche photodiode errors, but also facilitate subsequent integration into the system.
In terms of design, a DC cancellation circuit is added, which enables the design of mixed use of transistors with different power supplies, and also provides the effect of high-pass filtering, so that the subsequent system can achieve a better signal-to-noise ratio.

Contents i
List of Tables iii
List of Figures iv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 LiDAR System 3
1.3 Array APD Sensing Element 6
1.4 Spec of the Front-End Circuit TIA 7
2 Prior Art of Transimpedance Amplifier 9
2.1 Introduction of Regulated Cascode TIA 9
2.2 Introduction of Shunt-feedback Resistor TIA 12
2.3 Comparison and Selection of Architecture 15
3 Introduction and Analysis of Front-End Readout Circuit of LiDAR
System 17
3.1 Shunt-feedback Resistor TIA 17
3.1.1 Adjustable Input Common Mode Range 18
3.1.2 Transistor Level Design with 3.3V supply and 1V supply
in 90-nm CMOS 21
3.1.3 Bandwidth and Stability 25
3.1.4 Noise Analysis 38
3.2 DC Cancellation Block 40
4 Measurement Results 47
4.1 Measurement Setup 48
4.2 TIA Measurement Results 49
4.2.1 DC Response 49
4.2.2 AC Response 51
4.2.3 Chaos LiDAR signal measurement result 52
5 Conclusion 56
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