近幾年再生能源在整個電力系統中佔據了很大一部分，例如太陽能和風力發電，越來越多用於滿足全球不斷增長的能源需求。然而，再生能源通常通過快速響應轉換器耦合到電網而沒有任何慣量，從而導致電力系統慣量降低。在嚴重的頻率事件下，電網頻率很容易超出可接受的範圍，從而導致不希望的負載跳脫，甚至大規模停電。為了解決不斷減小的慣量問題，本文提出了分佈式電源系統虛擬慣量的概念，利用電容器與發電機相似的特性產生出虛擬慣量。而傳統的虛擬慣量控制，能夠將頻率最低點和頻率變化率提高至20%和50%，本文將透過修改其虛擬慣量控制器，使其達頻率最低點達到30%。
本文透過連接其直流側電壓與頻率，產生分佈式電源系統虛擬慣量，為系統增加慣量。將在傳統控制方法當中加入二階低通濾波器，改善系統的頻率最低點，並且利用波德圖分析其結果，加以改善頻率最低點的問題。本實驗先以Simulink模擬程式建立起系統，並且使用Opal-RT進行即時模擬，並且利用DSP以及兩台轉換器實現硬體，相互驗證。

In recent years, renewable energy source take a large portion in power system all over the world.For example, wind and solar photovoltaic power generation are increasingly used to satisfy with worldwide growing energy demand.However, renewable energy is usually coupled to the power grid through a converter without any inertia, which leads to the reduction of power system inertia. The grid frequency may easily go beyond the acceptable range under severe frequency events, resulting in undesirable load-shedding, or even large-scale blackouts. To address the ever-decreasing inertia issue, this thesis proposes the concept of distributed power system virtual inertia.The traditional virtual inertia control which indicate that 20% and 50% improvements of the frequency nadir and rate of change of frequency can be achieved. In this thesis, the virtual inertia controller will be modified to improve the frequency nadir about 30%.
In this thesis, the virtual inertia of distributed power system is generated by connecting the voltage and frequency. A second-order low-pass filter is added to the traditional control method to improve the frequency nadir, and the Bode diagram is used to analyze to improve the frequency nadir. Simulink is used to build the model, and opal RT is used for real-time simulation.Two DSP-based converters are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

目錄
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
英文縮寫對照表 XIV
符號表 XV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與動機 1
1.2 虛擬同步機拓樸 2
1.2.1 虛擬同步機基本原理 2
1.2.2 VSYNC的虛擬同步機發電機拓樸結構 3
1.2.3 IEPE的虛擬同步機發電機拓樸結構 4
1.2.4 ISE的虛擬同步機發電機拓樸結構 5
1.2.5 KHI的虛擬同步機發電機拓樸結構 6
1.2.6 本文虛擬同步機發電機拓樸結構 7
1.3 相關文獻回顧 8
1.4 本論文之貢獻 9
1.5 論文章節內容概述 10
第二章 虛擬同步機與系統概述 11
2.1 系統之基本架構 11
2.2 虛擬同步機架構 12
2.2.1 電力系統之頻率調節控制 13
2.2.1.1 發電機模型 14
2.2.1.2 負載模型 14
2.2.1.3 原動機模型 15
2.2.1.4 調速機模型 15
2.2.1.5 頻率控制之穩定度 16
2.2.2 交流側電壓控制 18
2.3 併網型轉換器(GCC)架構 20
2.3.1 直流側電壓控制 21
2.4 系統慣量化簡與分析 23
2.5 本章結論 30
第三章 以併網型電力轉換器實現虛擬慣量 31
3.1 使用併網型轉換器實現虛擬慣量控制 32
3.2 使用虛擬慣量控制器之分析 36
3.2.1 波德圖分析 37
3.2.2 頻率最低點分析 38
3.3 使用虛擬慣量控制器加入高通濾波器之分析之分析 39
3.2.1 波德圖分析 41
3.2.2 頻率最低點分析 43
3.4 使用虛擬慣量控制器加入C(s)之分析 44
3.2.1 波德圖分析 46
3.2.2 頻率最低點分析 47
3.5 使用虛擬慣量控制器加入C(s)以及高通濾波器之分析 48
3.2.1 波德圖分析 49
3.2.2 頻率最低點分析 51
3.6 本章結論 52
第四章 虛擬慣量控制模擬與實作 54
4.1 前言 54
4.2 平台介紹 54
4.2.1 即時電力系統模擬器OP5600 54
4.2.1 TI TMS320F28335 56
4.3 模擬平台架構 57
4.3.1 模擬實驗說明 57
4.3.2 Simulink整體架構分析 58
4.5 案例一:無使用虛擬慣量控制法進行頻率的調節 62
4.5.1 模擬結果 62
4.5.2 實驗結果 63
4.6 案例二:使用虛擬慣量控制法進行頻率的調節 65
4.6.1 模擬結果 65
4.6.2 實驗結果 66
4.7 案例三:使用虛擬慣量控制法加上高通濾波器進行頻率的調節 68
4.7.1 模擬結果 68
4.7.2 實驗結果 69
4.8 案例四:使用虛擬慣量控制法C(s)進行頻率的調節 71
4.8.1 模擬結果 71
4.8.2 實驗結果 72
4.9 案例五:使用虛擬慣量控制法C(s)加上高通濾波器進行頻率的調節 74
4.9.1 模擬結果 74
4.9.2 實驗結果 75
4.10本章結論 77
第五章 結論與未來展望 78
5.1 結論 78
5.2 未來展望 78
參考文獻 80

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