本研究研製三相三線LCL高切頻雙向換流器，電路可分為電力級與控制級兩個部份，電力級為三相三線式全橋架構；控制級之微控制器選用Renesas RX71M，此微控制器具有較短的A/D轉換時間以及較多的轉換頻道，因此足以因應高頻系統。以往的換流器僅操作於低頻，而導致換流器之體積過大，因此本研究換流器之切換頻率約為100 kHz，相較於以往之換流器，鐵芯尺寸可有效降低，可使體積大幅下降，提升功率密度。
　　三相三線LCL高切頻雙向換流器包含併網模式以及整流模式，在併網模式下，可利用雙向換流器將電能饋入電網；在整流模式下，可利用雙向換流器調變電流，以穩定直流鏈電壓。
　　在控制法方面，本系統使用解耦合直接數位控制法則，其優點是不受限於傳統之abc至d-q座標轉換，可因應電感隨電流增大而衰減之問題。因此將直流鏈電壓、開關切換頻率以及隨電流變化之電感考慮進去，並且將三相電路等效成三組單相獨立系統進行控制，計算出下一週期之開關責任比率，並使用零序注入法，可避免開關責任比率過度調變之問題。
　　本論文介紹背景與動機、解耦合直接數位控制法則、LCL濾波器設計流程、硬體周邊電路、韌體程式規劃以及實務考量，最後利用模擬驗證此控制法可應用於三相三線式全橋系統，並實際製作一台雙向換流器，藉由實測結果，進一步驗證本研究所提理論之正確性與可行性。
　　本研究之主要貢獻為：(1)實作一部三相三線LCL高切頻雙向換流器，可注入實功於電網以及具有穩壓功能，(2)使用三相解耦合分切合整直接數位控制，可將電感值隨電流變化納入考量，並可以降低控制法則之計算時間，提升控制頻寬。

This research is aimed at designing and implementing a three-phase three-wire LCL high switching frequency bi-directional inverter. The circuit is divided into two parts, a power stage with the configuration of a three-phase three-wire full-bridge inverter and a control stage with a microcontroller Renesas RX71M. For the high switching frequency system, the microcontroller is adopted because of A/D short conversion time and having many A/D conversion channels. Conventionally, bi-directional inverter systems are only operated at low frequency, increasing the volume of the inverters. The proposed inverter operates at 100 kHz switching frequency, reducing the size of filter components and increasing the power density.
　　The three-phase three-wire LCL high-frequency bi-directional inverter has two operation modes, grid-connection mode and rectification mode. In grid-connection mode, the inverter can inject active power into the grid. In rectification mode, the inverter can adjust the current to regulate the dc-bus voltage.
　　To control the system, the decoupled three-phase direct digital control is adopted. With the discussed control method, it does not need abc to d-q frame transformation and can consider inductance variation with filter inductor currents. The dc-bus voltage, switching frequency, and inductance variation are all taken into account in the control-law derivation. The three-phase expressions are decoupled and the control of a three-phase three-wire inverter can be equivalent to that of a single phase. With the zero-sequence injection, the control laws can avoid duty ratio over modulation.
　　This research presents background and motivation, the decoupled three-phase direct digital control, design of LCL filters, hardware peripheral circuits, software programming, and practical considerations. Finally, simulated and experimental results are used to verify the control method for a three-phase three-wire full-bridge inverter.
The major contributions of this thesis are: (1) implementing a three-phase three-wire LCL high-frequency bi-directional inverter with grid-connection mode and rectification mode, and (2) adopting the decoupled three-phase direct digital control can take into account inductance variation and reduce the computation time of the control laws, which in turn, can increase control bandwidth.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景與動機 1
1-2文獻回顧 2
1-2-1換流器架構簡介 2
1-2-2換流器控制法簡介 6
1-3論文大綱 11
第二章 系統架構與控制策略 12
2-1雙向換流器系統架構 12
2-2三相解耦合直接數位控制法則 13
2-3 直流鏈穩壓機制 18
第三章 換流器周邊電路 21
3-1輔助電源 21
3-2驅動電路架構 24
3-2-1緩衝器SN74LVC244 25
3-2-2開關驅動電源 25
3-2-3開關驅動電路 27
3-3電壓/電流回授電路 28
3-3-1直流鏈電壓回授電路 28
3-3-2電網電壓、濾波電容電壓回授電路 29
3-3-3電感電流回授電路 30
3-4保護電路 33
3-4-1過壓/過流保護電路 33
3-4-2電壓箝位保護電路 34
3-4-3輔助電源偵錯電路 35
3-4-4電網斷開電路 35
3-4-5緊急開關電路 36
第四章 韌體架構與控制流程 38
4-1微控制器RX71M簡介 38
4-2雙向換流器併網模式控制流程 44
4-2-1主程式控制流程 44
4-2-2類比/數位中斷副程式流程 45
4-3雙向換流器整流模式控制流程 53
4-3-1主程式控制流程 53
4-3-2類比/數位中斷副程式流程 54
第五章 系統參數設計與實務考量 59
5-1換流器規格與元件參數 59
5-2系統參數設計 60
5-2-1 直流鏈電容設計 61
5-2-2 LCL濾波器設計 61
5-3實務考量 66
5-3-1 電感值變化 67
5-3-2 A/D取樣延遲時間 69
5-3-3功率開關元件突波抑制 69
5-3-4 導熱膏的選擇 71
5-3-5 驅動電路改善 73
5-3-6 高切頻下降低電感體積 76
第六章 系統模擬與實測波形 77
6-1 Matlab/Simulink模擬 77
6-2 模擬與實測波形 80
6-2-1併網模式-電阻性負載 80
6-2-2併網模式-變載測試 90
6-2-3整流模式-直流鏈穩壓 93
6-2-4整流模式-變載測試 100
6-3 損耗分析 105
6-3-1電感損耗 105
6-3-2功率開關損耗 108
第七章 結論與未來研究方向 110
7-1 結論 110
7-2未來研究方向 111
參考文獻 112

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