本論文旨在開發一以永磁同步馬達為主之風渦輪機模擬器與切換式磁阻風力發電機系統。首先，為利於研究進行，探究微電網、風力發電機、永磁同步馬達與切換式磁阻馬達之ㄧ些關鍵事務及常用介面轉換器。接著提出所建永磁同步馬達為主之風渦輪機模擬器。在適當設計之轉矩控制下，特定風渦輪機之轉矩-轉速與功率-轉速曲線得以忠實產出。此外，將永磁同步馬達操作在定速模式，所開發之風渦輪機模擬器成為傳統發電機之渦輪機。為使風渦輪機模擬器由市電供電，本論文設計製作一模組化三角接三相切換式整流器。
接著，開發一由非對稱橋式轉換器供電之切換式磁阻風力發電機，以作為對風渦輪機模擬器之測試負載。經適當建構其組成，包括外加激磁架構、換相架構、電壓及電流控制器，可得到良好發電特性。在一般定速發電下，切換式磁阻發電機可輸出良好調節之電壓；而於變速風力發電下，應用擾動觀察法可穩定達成最大功率點追蹤。
最終，設計一直流/直流升壓式介面轉換器，由切換式磁阻發電機之輸出建立400V之微電網直流鏈。經由所設計之電流及電壓控制架構，可達成在切換式磁阻發電機輸出電壓變化與負載變動下，均有良好之電壓調節特性。所建所有功率級之正常操作與性能，皆以實測結果驗證。

This thesis develops a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based wind turbine emulator (WTE) and a wind switched-reluctance generator (SRG) system. First, the fundamentals concerning micro-grid, wind generator, key issues of PMSM and switched-reluctance machine (SRM), and interface converters are explored. Then, the proposed PMSM based WTE is established. Under the properly designed torque control scheme, the designed torque-speed and power-speed curves of specified wind turbine can be faithfully generated. Besides, by operating the PMSM drive in constant-speed mode, the developed WTE can also be served as a conventional generator turbine. To let the WTE be powered from the mains, a modularly delta-connected three-phase switch-mode rectifier (SMR) is designed and implemented.
Next, a wind SRG with asymmetric bridge converter is developed to perform the loading test for the WTE system. Good generating characteristics are achieved via properly constructing its main constituted parts, including external excitation scheme, commutation scheme, current and voltage controllers. Under conventional generation, well-regulated SRG output voltage is obtained; While working as a wind SRG, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is stably achieved using the perturb and observe (P&O) method.
Finally, a DC/DC boost interface converter is designed to establish a 400V micro-grid DC-link from the SRG. Good voltage regulation characteristics against the wind SRG output voltage variation and load change are accomplished by the well-designed current and voltage control schemes. The normal operations and performances of all the developed power stages are verified experimentally.

ABSTRACT i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
LIST OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES xiv
LIST OF SYMBOLS xv
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTS OF WIND GENERATORS AND THE EMPLOYED ELECTRIC MACHINES 5
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Micro-grid Systems 6
2.3 Wind Generator System 7
2.3.1 Structure of Wind Turbine 7
2.3.2 Governing Equation 9
2.3.3 Power Characteristics 10
2.3.4 Typical Variable-speed Wind Generator Systems 2.3.3 Power Characteristics 10 11
2.3.5 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Control 2.3.3 Power Characteristics 10 12
2.4 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 13
2.4.1 Structures 13
2.4.2 Physical Modeling 15
2.4.3 Measurement of Motor Parameters 17
2.4.4 Key Issues of PMSM Drive 20
2.5 Switched-reluctance Machines 20
2.5.1 Motor Structure 20
2.5.2 Physical Modeling 21
2.5.3 Dynamic Modeling 23
2.5.4 SRM Converters 23
2.5.5 Key Issues of Switched-reluctance Generator 26
2.6 Interface Converters and Switch-mode Rectifiers 27
2.6.1 DC/DC Converters 27
2.6.2 AC/DC Converters 28
CHAPTER 3 PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR BASED WIND TURBINE EMULATOR 31
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Basic Permanent-magnet Synchronous Motor Drive 31
3.2.1 Power Circuit 31
3.2.2 Control Scheme 31
3.2.3 Interfacing and Sensing Circuits 31
3.2.4 DSP TMS320F28335 34
3.3 Control Scheme 35
3.3.1 Current Controller 35
3.3.2 Speed Controller Design 36
3.4 Experimental Result of the Established SPMSM Drive 39
3.4.1 Starting Characteristics 39
3.4.2 Speed Dynamic Responses 39
3.5 PMSM Based Wind Turbine Emulator 41
3.5.1 System Configuration 41
3.5.2 Torque Controller 42
3.5.3 Modeling of Wind Turbine Characteristics 42
3.5.4 Measured Torque-speed and Power-speed Curves 46
CHAPTER 4 WIND SWITCHED-RELUCTANCE GENERATOR SYSTEM 48
4.1 Introduction 48
4.2 Switched-Reluctance Generator 48
4.2.1 Governing Equations 48
4.2.2 Voltage and Current Ripples 49
4.3 Control Schemes 51
4.3.1 Current Controller 51
4.3.2 Voltage Controller 52
4.3.3 Dynamic Commutation Shift Control (DCSC) 55
4.4 MPPT Control strategy of the Wind Turbine Emulator Driven SRG 57
4.4.1 Introduction of Maximum Power Point Tracking Control
Algorithms 57
4.4.2 Control Scheme 57
4.4.3 Experimental Evaluation 59
4.4.4 Dynamic Characteristic 61
4.5 SRG Interface Boost Converter 63
4.5.1 Boost Converter 64
4.5.2 Design of Boost Converter Circuit Components 67
4.5.3 Controller Design 67
4.5.4 Experimental Performance Evaluation 71
CHAPTER 5 THREE-PHASE DELTA-CONNECTED SMR POWERED SPMSM DRIVEN WIND TURBINE EMULATOR 75
5.1 Introduction 75
5.2 General Concept of SMR 76
5.2.1 System Configuration 76
5.2.2 Key Issues of SMR 76
5.3 Three-phase Delta-connected SMR 77
5.3.1 Schematic of The Established SMR using Modified
Single-phase Boost SMR 77
5.3.2 Control Scheme 79
5.3.3 Circuit Operation 80
5.3.4 Circuit Component Design 80
5.3.5 Controller Design 82
5.4 Performance Evaluation 84
5.4.1 Simulated Result 84
5.4.2 Measured Result 86
5.5 Fault-tolerant Operation 89
5.6 Experimental Evaluation for the Developed Wind Turbine Emulator Driven Generator System 90
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS 96
REFERENCES 97

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Switched-reluctance Generator
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F. Switched-reluctance Machine Converter
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G. DC/DC Converter
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