對於棒球擊球員而言，自擊球準備、揮棒、至身體回復平衡之整體協調性相當重要，而協調性的差異有可能會導致擊球員產生不同程度的打擊表現，運動員有良好的動作協調，其可以在運動的過程中做適度的調整達到有效的動作展現，而打擊的困難之處在於要專注於球的來向，亦要同時顧及身體各肢段的相互活動。本研究期望對兩組技能水準之擊球員從訊息接收、動作協調處理至打擊動作的展現進行一完整分析，分析範圍包含雙腳所產生之地面反作用力變化，以及視角、頭部、肩部、軀幹、骨盆之轉動。
研究對象為20名健康且年齡範圍為20至30歲之男性，其中大學級專業棒球擊球員與業餘擊球員各10名，採用棒球發球機進行拋球，實驗參與者在打擊過程中配戴眼動儀、慣性感測器，並運用測力板以量測打擊動作。打擊過程以五個事件時間點分為四階段，對於身體各部位之動作分別以事件點、動作極值發生之時間點，此兩部分為基礎以進行整體打擊程序分析，瞭解擊球員在各個階段的時間分配，以及在各事件時的動作模式。
本研究之結果顯示專業擊球員在打擊前能提前掌握動作節奏，在打擊過程中能夠使身體動作和球棒同步，在較短的時間內進行能量傳遞以進行較早的揮棒，打擊完成後，一致性的轉動身體各部位。而高度的能量使其花費較長的時間回復身體穩定性，其視覺與動作協調性有助於對資訊的整合與傳遞，以及在時間上的調節能力、使其能夠恰當的對身體進行主動控制，展現較優異的打擊表現。業餘擊球員則相反，即使視覺策略與專業擊球員相近，然而由於與其動作協調能力的差異，業餘擊球員較晚進行揮棒，打擊過程中各部位的極值發生時間也較不一致，視角與身體動作之轉動速度也相對較小，本研究對於不同技能水準擊球員在打擊期間的視覺、整體動作進行完整的協調性評估與比較。未來研究的方向期望使打擊技能水準較低者進行任務動作的自我調整，藉以改善整體打擊動作，再者，藉由受試者的大量數據收集，對於擊球員直接進行打擊能力的評估以及分類。

For baseball batters, whole body coordination evaluation from preparing, striking to restoring balance is important. Differences in coordination may lead to different striking performances. Athletes with good motor coordination can make appropriate adjustments to achieve effective performance. The difficulties of striking are to focus on the direction of the ball and the movement of different parts of the body. The purpose of this study is to overall evaluate two levels of batters, according to ground reaction force, and the rotation of gaze, head, shoulder, trunk pelvic.
The participants were 20 healthy males aged 20 to 30 years old, with ten professional and ten amateur batters. A baseball pitching machine was used to throw the ball. Eye gaze position, head, shoulder, trunk, and pelvic rotation angle and ground reaction force shifting were recorded. The swing is divided into four stages by five events. The analysis is based on two parts, time and event. The time of stages and the batters’ action mode at each event can be shown due to the above analysis.
This study shows that professional hitters have a good knowledge of the swing rhythm before striking. They can synchronize motion with the bat during swinging, transferring energy to perform an early swing in a short time. The coordination ability rotates the body in a consistent manner, and the high energy made the professional ones spend a longer time to balance after striking. Vision and motion coordination employ the integration and transmission of information and time so that professional ones can control the body well and have better performance. On the other hand, even if the strategy of amateur ones is similar to that of professional ones, due to the difference in coordination with their movements, the amateur batters strike later than professional ones. The time when the extreme value occurred in each segment is also inconsistent. The speed of rotation in body and gaze were relatively slow. This research conducted a comprehensive visual and motion coordination assessment and comparison for batters of different skill levels during the swing. In future research, it may be considered to enable those amateur ones to self-adjust, improve the overall swing motion. Furthermore, directly categorizing batters’ hitting ability by collecting more subjects.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1. 研究背景與動機 1
1.2. 研究範圍與目的 3
1.3. 研究架構與流程 4
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1. 視覺與協調性 7
2.1.1. 定義與影響之因素 7
2.1.2. 協調性對打擊表現的影響 9
2.2. 不同技能水準的擊球員之打擊動作模式 10
2.3. 打擊動作分析 12
2.3.1. 雙腳地面反作用力變化 12
2.3.2. 軀幹動作之旋轉與位移 13
2.3.3. 視覺反應與頭部動作 15
2.4. 打擊動作分析之感測器與系統 16
2.4.1. 測力板 16
2.4.2. 慣性感測器 ( Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU ) 18
2.4.3. 眼動儀 19
2.5. 小結 21
第三章 研究方法 22
3.1. 研究對象與環境設置 22
3.2. 實驗儀器 23
3.2.1.測力板 23
3.2.2.慣性感測器（Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU） 24
3.2.3.眼動儀 26
3.3. 實驗方法與流程 26
3.4.數據分析 29
3.4.1. 地面反作用力 29
3.4.2. 肢段轉動 31
3.4.3. 視角 31
3.5. 統計分析 32
第四章 實驗結果 34
4.1. 階段時間百分比 36
4.2. 關鍵點之動作 38
4.3. 打擊動作極值 46
4.4. 視覺及動作之關聯性 52
第五章 討論 54
5.1. 專業與業餘擊球員於時間軸上的協調性差異 54
5.2. 協調性對於打擊策略及表現的影響 60
5.3. 研究限制 64
第六章 結論與未來方向 65
參考文獻 67

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