驗收抽樣計畫是一種常用的品質管理工具，以送驗貨批中部分樣本的品質水準為依據，決定是否允收該送驗貨批。為了減少平均樣本數量或檢查成本，近年來許多學者提出了各種驗收抽樣方案，選別檢驗計畫（rectifying inspection plan）為其中之一。與一般傳統型驗收抽樣計畫不同，選別型抽樣計畫能透過檢驗過程把關貨批品質水準，確保送交貨批品質符合甚至優於要求的水準，提供消費者較高的保障。另一方面，在現今製造業不良率極低的狀況下，許多企業採用製程良率衡量製程產出績效，但由於良率僅能區分良品與不良品，並無法辨別每個良品間的品質差異，故田口博士提出損失函數（loss function）並發展結合損失概念的製程能力指標，稱為田口能力指標（Taguchi capability index），其同時將製程平均與目標值的偏移程度及製程變異程度納入考量。本研究基於田口能力指標發展兩種選別型計畫，包含計量型選別單次抽樣計畫（Variables Rectifying inspection plan with Single Sampling, VRSS）與計量型選別重複群集抽樣計畫（Variables Rectifying inspection plan with Repetitive Group Sampling, VRRGS），分別建構兩者之最佳化模型及允收機率函數，以最小化平均總檢驗數作為模型目標式、以滿足操作特性曲線之兩點式條件作為限制式，透過數學規劃求解計畫參數。為了衡量本研究提出之兩抽樣計畫之績效，本研究運用操作特性曲線、平均出廠品質及平均總檢驗數作為抽樣計畫之績效衡量工具，針對不同面向進行完整的分析與討論。最後運用實際案例搭配圖形化之使用者介面，具體呈現及說明兩計畫之操作方式，以供未來業界使用者作為參考。

Different from the traditional acceptance sampling plan, rectifying inspection plan can ensure lot meets the required quality level and provide higher protection for consumers. Many companies use process yield to measure process performance. However, yield can only distinguish good products from bad products, it’s not able to discern the quality difference between each good product. Therefore, Taguchi developed Taguchi capability index combining the concept of loss, which took into account the degree of process variation and the degree of deviation between process average and target value. This study develops two acceptance sampling plans based on Taguchi capability index, including Variables Rectifying inspection plan with Single Sampling (VRSS) and Variables Rectifying inspection plan with Repetitive Group Sampling (VRRGS). Aim to reduce inspection cost by minimizing average total inspection, the optimization model and the probability function of the two are constructed respectively. This study uses several tools to judge the performance of the two proposed sampling plans, some analysis and discussion in different aspects are also conducted. Finally, graphical user interfaces are implied with actual case to present and explain the operation of the proposed sampling plans for users as a reference.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 2
1.1 研究背景與動機 2
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究架構 5
第二章 文獻回顧與探討 7
2.1 製程能力指標發展簡介 7
2.2 田口能力指標 8
2.2.1 田口能力指標之估計式 10
2.2.2 田口能力指標之抽樣分配 11
2.2.3 田口能力指標之假設檢定 12
2.3 驗收抽樣計畫 13
2.3.1 驗收抽樣計畫之分類 14
2.3.2 驗收抽樣計畫之績效評估 17
2.4 選別型驗收抽樣計畫 20
2.4.1 選別型驗收抽樣計畫之績效衡量 22
第三章 基於田口能力指標之選別型單次抽樣計畫 25
3.1 計畫操作流程 26
3.2 計畫之允收機率函數與數學模型 28
3.3 計畫之求解環境設定 29
3.4 求解結果分析與討論 33
3.4.1 計畫求解結果 33
3.4.2 計畫績效衡量 46
第四章 基於田口能力指標之選別型重複群集抽樣計畫 50
4.1 計畫操作流程 51
4.2 計畫之允收機率函數與數學模型 54
4.3 計畫之求解環境設定 56
4.4 求解結果分析與討論 60
4.4.1 計畫求解結果 60
4.4.2 計畫績效衡量 73
第五章 圖形化使用者介面與案例分析 78
5.1 案例說明 78
5.2 圖形化使用者介面之應用與操作說明 79
5.2.1 選用選別型單次抽樣計畫 80
5.2.2 選用選別型重複群集抽樣計畫 84
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 89
6.1 結論 89
6.2 未來研究方向 90
參考文獻 91

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莊雅涵 (2016)。建構以田口能力指標之快速轉換抽樣系統。國立清華大學工業工程與工程管理學系碩士論文，未出版，新竹市。
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