現代生活中手機是生活中不可或缺的物品，而為了保障隱私等需求，安全防護裝置更是不可避免，指紋辨識則最為常見，而光學式的辨識系統造價較低且電路簡單因此被廣泛運用，但由於體積較小且焦距短，因此檢測方式成為重要的研究課題。光學鏡片檢測主要分為接觸式量測與非接觸式量測，接觸式易造成表面損傷且耗時長；非接觸式量測主要分為波前陣列法及干涉法，而干涉法對環境要求高且造價昂貴，故本論文將使用基於微透鏡陣列之夏克．哈特曼波前量測作為研究基礎。
　　本研究設計以夏克．哈特曼系統為量測架構對光學式屏下指紋辨識系統進行量測分析。研究內容分為光學軟體模擬與實驗兩部分，模擬將使用ASAP®光學模擬軟體建構夏克．哈特曼波前量測系統，並使用FrontSurfer®輔助分析待測物之理想波前像差，分別針對鏡組全域以及近軸之光路進行模擬分析，以此觀察鏡組是否成功消除離軸像差；實驗部分則先將射出成形鏡片使用三次元測定機進行量測，並將誤差補償至模稜後，重新射出再組裝為鏡組，鏡組量測部分則依模擬架構實際架設夏克．哈特曼量測系統，最終觀察全域之模擬與實驗誤差P-V值約為0.2波長；近軸光束約為0.03波長。

Nowadays, mobile phones are indispensable in the daily life. Fingerprint scanning is usually employed for privacy and security protection; and, due to low costs optical scanners are most widely accepted for the uses. However, because of their smaller size and shorter focal length, the inspection method has become an important research topic. In general, optical lens inspection is mainly divided into contact and non-contact type method. Contact type is vulnerable to induce surface damage and time consuming; while, non-contact type is mainly divided into wavefront method and interferometry. The interferometry requires stringent environment and hence is expensive. Therefore, this study adopts Shack-Hartmann sensors based on micro-lens array for wavefront measurement.
This objective of the thesis is to investigate the non-contact inspection method with Shack-Hartmann sensors. The thesis is divided into two parts: optical software simulation and experimental verifications whereas the ASAP® optical simulation software is used to simulate Shack-Hartmann wavefront system with the FrontSurfer® program being employed for aberrations reconstruction. The prototype lens is set up on an optical bench to verify the optical simulation results. The P-V values between the experimental and simulated results have 0.2 λ in full-view and 0.03 λ in para-axial conditions.

摘要 ............................................................... I
ABSTRACT .......................................................... II
致謝 ............................................................. III
目錄 .............................................................. IV
圖目錄 ............................................................ VI
表目錄 ............................................................ IX
第一章 序論 ........................................................ 1
1-1 研究背景........................................................ 1
1-2 研究目的........................................................ 2
1-3 文獻回顧........................................................ 2
1-3-1 非球面鏡片..................................................... 3
1-3-2 波前像差的應用................................................. 4
1-3-3 夏克．哈特曼波前感測器.......................................... 4
1-3-4 澤尼克多項式................................................... 5
第二章 基本理論介紹 ................................................. 9
2-1 基礎光學理論..................................................... 9
2-1-1 費馬原理...................................................... 9
2-1-2 折射定律(司乃耳定律)及反射定律.................................. 9
2-1-3 近軸成像理論 ................................................. 10
2-1-4 像差基本理論 ................................................. 11
2-1-5 非球面之光學原理 ............................................. 12
2-2 波前量測理論分析 ............................................... 13
2-2-1 波前定義 .................................................... 13
2-2-2 澤尼克多項式 ................................................ 13
2-2-3 波前感測器 ................................................... 14
2-2-4 波前重建方法 ................................................. 15
第三章 量測系統設計及模擬 ........................................... 30
3-1 光學模擬軟體 ................................................... 30
3-2 指紋辨識鏡頭光路分析 ............................................ 31
3-3 波前像差分析 ................................................... 32
3-4 實驗設計與量測系統架構 .......................................... 32
3-4-1 全域量測模擬 ................................................. 33
3-4-2 近軸量測模擬 ................................................. 33
3-5 總結 .......................................................... 34
第四章 實驗與驗證 .................................................. 44
4-1 指紋辨識鏡組製作 ............................................... 44
4-2 光源檢測 ...................................................... 45
4-2-1 光纖雷射量測 ................................................. 46
4-2-2 氦氖雷射量測 ................................................. 46
4-3 波前量測系統架構 ............................................... 47
4-4 量測系統校正 ................................................... 48
4-5 量測結果 ...................................................... 49
4-5-1 全域量測 .................................................... 49
4-5-2 近軸量測 .................................................... 50
第五章 結論與未來工作 ............................................... 69
5-1 結論 .......................................................... 69
5-2 未來工作 ...................................................... 70
參考文獻 .......................................................... 72

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