本研究設計一新型態熱管熱交換器，搭配冷、熱風機模擬實際工廠廢熱回收的情形。使用熱管為內徑5.6mm之平滑管，蛇行彎管結構使每根熱管內部均相連，方便填充做使用，熱管外部的多層鰭片幫助與空氣間的熱交換，針對三種工作流體：水、HFE-7000、R134a，分別探討無插板模組與內插平板模組之性能差異，以有效度及熱傳率作為評估性能的參數。熱交換器中熱管之前後擺放位置並無影響，而有效度與熱傳率均隨擺放組數增加(最多達三組)而上升，但會趨近極限值。無插板模組中，僅水能在高溫狀態啟動脈衝現象，單組之有效度最高可達0.49、熱傳率865W；HFE-7000與R134a因管徑過大只能以熱虹吸熱管作熱傳，但HFE-7000本身較不受不可凝氣體影響，而R134a在低溫時具有三者中最好的熱交換效果。最佳填充率方面，水在65%時整體脈衝現象最穩定，HFE-7000在25%有最佳性能，R134a則是在35-50%間。改變為內插平板模組後，熱管隔間之等效水力直徑縮減為3.42mm，三種工作流體均能啟動脈衝現象。其中，水在高溫下依舊有最佳的性能，單組之有效度最高可達0.53、熱傳率933W，且熱傳機制並無改變，只是整體脈衝現象更穩定，插板後最大平均有效度有2.7-9.3%的增益；HFE-7000與R134a的熱傳機制從熱虹吸式轉為脈衝式，蒸發冷凝段溫度差縮小降低整體熱管之熱阻，固定的冷熱空氣溫差下能傳遞更多的熱，插板後HFE-7000能平均提升8.3-24.5%的有效度，R134a則是提升6.0-11.8%。

The waste energy in the liquids or gases from factory have energy-saving potential. It is crucial to develop an efficient waste heat recovery system. A new type of heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE) is proposed and tested between cold and hot air flows which simulate the actual heat recovery from factory waste gases. The heat pipes are made of copper tubes of internal diameter 5.6mm, integrated with multi-layer plate fins. The bundle of tubes is connected into one serpentine duct so that it can be easily filled with working fluid and used afterward. This study experimentally examines the differences in the effectiveness and heat transfer rate between the non-board model and the board model, for which a 0.5mm-thick internal copper board is inserted in the heat pipe tubes. Three working fluids, water, HFE-7000 and R134a, are tested. Up to three sets of heat pipes are used, indicating that the thermal performance increases with more sets but a limit will be approached. In the non-board model, only the heat pipe filled with water can startup as a PHP at high temperature conditions. The effectiveness is up to 0.49, with a heat transfer rate up to 865W for a single set. However, the heat pipes charged with HFE-7000 or R134a can only function as thermosyphons owing to the excess internal tube diameter. At low temperature conditions, R134a has the best thermal performance among the three fluids. In addition, HFE-7000 is insensitive to non-condensable gas while functioning at high temperatures. The optimum filling ratio is 65% for water, 25% for HFE-7000, 35-50% for R134a, respectively. In the board model, the hydraulic diameter of the tube compartment is reduced to 3.42mm. Oscillation is observed more stably with water, and the effectiveness improves by 2.7-9.3% in comparison with the non-board model. For HFE-7000 and R134a, the heat transfer mechanism changes from thermosyphon to PHP in the board model. The effectiveness improves by 8.3-24.5% for HFE-7000, and 6.0-11.8% for R134a.

摘要 -----I
Abstract -----II
致謝辭 -----III
目錄 -----IV
表目錄 -----VI
圖目錄 -----VII
符號表 -----X
第一章 緒論 -----1
1.1 研究背景 -----1
1.2 脈衝式熱管 -----1
1.2.1 脈衝式熱管結構 -----2
1.2.2 脈衝式熱管工作原理 -----2
1.2.3 脈衝式熱管之設計參數 -----5
1.3 文獻回顧 -----9
1.3.1 脈衝式熱管文獻回顧 -----9
1.3.2 熱虹吸熱管文獻回顧 -----13
1.3.3 熱管熱交換器文獻回顧 -----16
1.4 研究目的 -----19
第二章 實驗設備與方法 -----21
2.1 實驗目的 -----21
2.2 實驗設備與架構 -----21
2.2.1 裝置測試段 -----21
2.2.2 實驗設備 -----25
2.2.3 溫度點量測設計 -----28
2.3 實驗步驟 -----30
2.3.1 實驗樣品準備 -----30
2.3.2 實驗流程 -----31
2.4 實驗參數 -----33
2.4.1 熱交換器性能 -----33
2.4.2 脈衝式熱管內部溫度探討 -----34
2.5 實驗誤差分析 -----34
第三章 實驗結果與討論 -----38
3.1 無插板模組 -----38
3.1.1 熱交換器冷熱空氣流速比測試 -----39
3.1.2 熱管放置位置測試 -----40
3.1.3 工作流體為水 -----43
3.1.4 工作流體為HFE-7000 -----47
3.1.5 工作流體為R134a -----55
3.1.6 三種工作流體之性能比較 -----60
3.2 內插平板模組 -----62
3.2.1 工作流體為水 -----62
3.2.2 工作流體為HFE-7000 -----65
3.2.3 工作流體為R134a -----69
3.2.4 三種工作流體之性能比較 -----72
3.3 兩種模組之性能比較 -----73
3.3.1 工作流體為水 -----73
3.3.2 工作流體為HFE-7000 -----76
3.3.3 工作流體為R134a -----79
3.3.4 三種工作流體之增益比較 -----83
3.4 與現有文獻之性能比較 -----84
第四章 結論 -----87
參考文獻 -----89

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