本論文透過合成環鉑共軛高分子並將這些高分子利用再沉澱法做成高分子奈米顆粒 (Polymer dots)，並探討不同幾何構型光催化活性之影響。在此論文我們設計了一些不同的環鉑單體，用於通過調節其位置構型來合成聚合物光催化劑。一些環鉑共軛高分子的鉑金屬位於接枝鏈上，一些金屬位於主鏈上。在光催化活性中發現PFTBTA-PtPy2擁有最佳之產氫效率，當使用維生素C (Ascorbic Acid, AA) 作為電子犧牲予體並且其濃度為0.02 M pH 4時，產氫效率可達2.69 ± 0.108 mmol h-1 g-1，此外，當使用AA作為犧牲電子予體時，我們在製程中添加Triton X-100來穩定Pdots的結構，此做法可以大幅提升材料之穩定性，光催化活性時間長達25小時總產氫量36.11 mmol g-1，我們也利用XPS和DFT分析出在一系列環鉑共軛高分子的產氫效率會符合以下趨勢，Pt+4 金屬位於主鏈 > Pt+2 金屬位於主鏈 > Pt+2 金屬位於接枝側鏈，而我們所使用之Pdots系統與維生素C皆為低毒性之材料，因此能更接近對環境友善之可再生能源之宗旨。

The research is design and synthesis of four kinds of cycloplatinated polymers. These polymers were made into polymer dots (Pdots) by reprecipitation way, and exploring the effects of molecular geometry. Here we design some different cycloplatinated monomers for the synthesis of polymer photocatalysts by tuning its positional configuration. Some of the polymers covalently linked with platinum to the sidechain; the others are covalently linked to the backbone. The active PFTBTA-PtPy2 Pdots provide the excellent hydrogen evolution rates up to 2.69 ± 0.108 mmol h-1 g-1 under a methanol-free solution and visible-light-driven system. Furthermore, we add Triton X-100 to stabilize the Pdots when using ascorbic acid as sacrificial electron donor. The photocatalytic activity time can significantly increase to 25 h with eventual H2 productions of 36.11 mmol g-1. We also determine the HER activity of our cycloplatinated Pdots will increase in the following order: Pt+4 in the main chain > Pt+2 in the main chain > Pt+2 in the grafted chain, and this result was supported by the analysis of XPS and DFT. This study demonstrated that the cycloplatinated Pdots can do photocatalyst for a long time and is eco-friendly without using any organic solvent.

摘要-----------------------------------------------------------I
ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------------II
致謝----------------------------------------------------------III
目錄----------------------------------------------------------IV
圖目錄---------------------------------------------------------VIII
附圖目錄-------------------------------------------------------XV
表目錄---------------------------------------------------------XVI
第一章 緒論-----------------------------------------------------1
1-1 氫能-------------------------------------------------------1
1-2 光催化分解水系統---------------------------------------------6
1-3 光催化分解水產氫機制------------------------------------------8
1-4 影響光催化活性之因素------------------------------------------10
1-4.1結構及型態 (Structure and Morphology)----------------------10
1-4.2犧牲電子予體 (Sacrificial Electron Donor)-------------------11
1-4.3溫度 (Temperature)----------------------------------------12
1-4.4酸鹼值 (pH Value)------------------------------------------13
1-4.5助催化劑 (Cocatalyst)--------------------------------------13
1-5 有機高分子材料於產氫之應用-------------------------------------14
1-5.1高分子系統產氫----------------------------------------------14
1-5.2高分子顆粒 (Polymer dots, Pdots) 產氫系統--------------------24
第二章 設計與合成環鉑共軛高分子奈米顆粒及其可見光催化產氫之應用----------30
2-1研究前言-----------------------------------------------------30
2-2研究動機-----------------------------------------------------36
2-3環鉑共軛高分子之合成與鑑定以及高分子奈米顆粒之製作------------------38
2-3.1單體合成---------------------------------------------------38
2-3.2環鉑共軛高分子之合成-----------------------------------------44
2-3.3高分子奈米顆粒之製作-----------------------------------------45
2-4新型環鉑共軛高分子及其奈米顆粒物理性質之探討-----------------------49
2-4.1光物理性質探討----------------------------------------------49
2-4.2熱物理性質探討----------------------------------------------56
2-4.3最高填滿軌域 (HOMO) 最低未填滿軌域 (LUMO) 之量測---------------57
2-4.4電化學性質探討----------------------------------------------60
2-4.5高分子奈米顆粒之粒徑及組成元素分析-----------------------------61
2-5環鉑共軛高分子奈米顆粒於產氫系統之應用----------------------------65
2-6影響產氫效率因素之討論-----------------------------------------82
2-7結論--------------------------------------------------------100
2-8實驗部分-----------------------------------------------------101
2-8.1單體合成---------------------------------------------------101
2-8.2高分子合成-------------------------------------------------108
第三章 不同金屬比例之環鉑共軛高分子奈米顆粒及其可見光催化產氫之應用-------112
3-1 研究前言與動機-----------------------------------------------112
3-2 不同金屬比例之環鉑共軛高分子合成與鑑定以及高分子奈米顆粒之製作-------114
3-2.1環鉑共軛高分子之合成-----------------------------------------114
3-2.2高分子奈米顆粒之製作-----------------------------------------116
3-3 不同金屬比例之環鉑共軛高分子及其奈米顆粒物理性質之探討--------------118
3-3.1光物理性質探討----------------------------------------------118
3-3.2熱物理性質探討----------------------------------------------123
3-3.3最高填滿軌域 (HOMO) 最低未填滿軌域 (LUMO) 之量測---------------124
3-3.4高分子奈米顆粒之粒徑及組成元素分析------------------------------127
3-3.5 鉑金屬組態分析----------------------------------------------131
3-4不同金屬比例之環鉑共軛高分子奈米顆粒於產氫系統之應用-----------------133
3-5 金屬比例影響之討論---------------------------------------------137
3-6 結論--------------------------------------------------------138
3-7 實驗部分-----------------------------------------------------139
第四章 未來展望---------------------------------------------------141
儀器與藥品-------------------------------------------------------146
1.藥品----------------------------------------------------------146
2.量測儀器與樣品製備----------------------------------------------146
2.1 核磁共振光譜儀 (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR)-------------146
2.2 凝膠滲透層析儀 (Gel Permeation Chromatography Size Exclusion Chromatography, GPC)-------------------------------------------146
2.3 紫外光可見光光譜儀 (Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, UV-Vis)-147
2.4 螢光分光光譜儀 (Fluorescence Spectrometry, FL)---------------147
2.5 熱重分析儀 (Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer，TGA)---------------147
2.6 表面功函數量測儀 (photoelectron spectrometer)-----------------147
2.7 高解析質譜儀 (High Resolution Mass Spectrometer, HRMS)-------147
2.8 動態光散射儀 (Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS)-----------------148
2.8 穿透電子顯微鏡 (Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM)-------148
2.9 氣相層析儀 (Gas Chromatography, GC)--------------------------148
2.10 高解析X-射線光電子光譜 (High resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS)---------------------------------------------148
2.11 X光單晶繞射儀 (Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction, SXRD)------149
2.12 MTT Assay-------------------------------------------------149
參考文獻---------------------------------------------------------150
附錄 核磁共振光譜、高解析質譜圖譜及凝膠透層析儀圖譜---------------------156

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