本研究以木質素為主體 (Lignin-based) 製備出複合薄膜應用於滲透蒸發脫鹽程序，分析木質素比例、選擇層厚度、操作溫度、進料濃度及不同入料離子對通透量及去鹽率造成的影響。
首先因木質素本身性質無法獨立成膜，故使用一親水性高分子聚乙烯醇作為黏著劑，並以馬來酸酐進行交聯，後利用FT-IR、DSC、TGA確認交聯結構及性質研究。
第二部份進行聚丙烯腈超濾膜的最佳水解時間分析，將不同水解時間的聚丙烯腈超濾膜分別利用ATR-FTIR、Contact angle、SEM及滲透蒸發脫鹽程序進行分析，最後確認以水解半小時作為最佳水解時間。
第三部份為製備出以木質素為主體 (Lignin-based) 之複合薄膜應用於3.5wt%氯化鈉水溶液，首先製備出不同木質素於薄膜中比例之複合薄膜，確認當木質素比例為90wt%時於滲透蒸發脫鹽程序中表現最好，其選擇層厚度約為470 nm，通透量為6.1 kg/h-m^2，去鹽率為99.95%，後探討不同選擇層厚度對通透量及去鹽率的影響，得知選擇層厚度約為470 nm為本研究之極限厚度，並以此複合薄膜用於後續長效性測試、不同操作溫度 (25℃-45℃)、不同進料濃度 (3.5wt%-15wt% NaCl aqueous solution)、不同入料鹽類 (單離子、雙離子及基團離子) 等，CR-Lignin/PVA (90/10) 之複合薄膜皆擁有高去鹽率之表現。

Herein this study, Lignin-based composite membranes are used in pervaporation desalination and the different ratio of Lignin, the selective layer thickness, the operation temperature, the feed concentration and the different feed salts of monovalent, bivalent and multivalent ions are investigated.
In the first part, Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) used as a binder and Maleic anhydride used for crosslinking are introduced into Lignin because of Lignin’s intrinsic properties of film formation difficultly. After that, the cross-linked structure and properties are confirmed by FT-IR, DSC and TGA analysis.
In the second part, the optimal hydrolysis time of the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membrane is analyzed. The characteristics of various hydrolysis times of PAN substrates are confirmed using ATR-FTIR, Contact angle, SEM and pervaporation desalination procedures. After the above-mentioned experiments, the best reaction time of half an hour for PAN substrates is defined.
In the third part, the CR-Lignin/PVA composite membranes are prepared to test for pervaporation desalination on 3.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution. The CR-Lignin/PVA (90/10) composite membrane, which has the thickness of selective layer about 470nm exhibits the best performance on pervaporation desalination. The flux of CR-Lignin/PVA (90/10) composite membrane is 6.1 kg/h-m^2 and salt rejection is 99.95% when separating salts and aqueous solution with 3.5wt% NaCl at 25℃. After exploring the influence between the thickness of selective layer, flux and salt rejection, the limit thickness about 470 nm is known in this work. This composite membrane is applied to the long-term stability testing, the operation temperature in the range of 25℃ to 45℃, the feed concentration of NaCl aqueous solution with 3.5wt% to 15wt%, and different feed salts of monovalent, bivalent and multivalent ions. The CR-Lignin/PVA (90/10) composite membrane reveals the good potential and performance on the salt rejection for pervaporation desalination.
 

摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XXI
第一章、緒論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2薄膜分離程序 3
1-2-1微米過濾分離程序 5
1-2-2超過濾分離程序 6
1-2-3奈米過濾分離程序 7
1-2-4逆滲透分離程序 8
1-2-5薄膜蒸餾分離程序 9
1-2-6氣體分離程序 10
1-2-7滲透蒸發分離程序 12
1-3薄膜分離應用於脫鹽程序 14
1-3-1逆滲透分離程序應用於脫鹽程序 14
1-3-2薄膜蒸餾分離程序應用於脫鹽程序 19
1-3-3奈米過濾分離程序應用於脫鹽程序 22
1-3-4滲透蒸發分離程序應用於脫鹽程序 24
第二章、文獻回顧 27
2-1滲透蒸發脫鹽程序之應用 27
2-1-1前言 27
2-1-2以親水性高分子應用於滲透蒸發脫鹽程序 28
2-1-3以有機/無機材料應用於滲透蒸發脫鹽程序 35
2-2木質素簡介 40
2-3木質素之應用 42
2-4木質素於薄膜分離之應用 45
2-5文獻回顧小結 49
第三章、實驗 50
3-1實驗藥品 50
3-2實驗儀器 53
3-3滲透蒸發脫鹽程序實驗步驟 55
3-4前言 57
3-4-1聚丙烯腈超濾膜製作90, 91 58
3-4-2以木質素為主體與聚乙烯醇高分子複合薄膜製備96 59
第四章、結果與分析 61
4-1前言 61
4-2以木質素為主體之交聯鑑定分析 62
4-3聚丙烯腈水解時間選擇 72
4-3-1衰滅式全反射傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜測試 73
4-3-2不同水解時間之聚丙烯腈表面對水接觸角測試 74
4-3-3不同水解時間之聚丙烯腈表面掃描電子顯微鏡測量 76
4-3-4滲透蒸發脫鹽程序測試 80
4-3-5木質素複合薄膜之掃描電子顯微鏡測量 82
4-3-6木質素複合薄膜表面對水接觸角測試 85
4-4不同木質素比例之複合薄膜滲透蒸發脫鹽程序測試 86
4-5以木質素為主體之複合薄膜應用滲透蒸發脫鹽程序於通透量與選擇層厚度比較 89
4-6以木質素為主體之複合薄膜應用滲透蒸發脫鹽程序於不同操作溫度 92
4-7以木質素為主體之複合薄膜應用滲透蒸發脫鹽程序於長效性測試 95
4-8以木質素為主體之複合薄膜與文獻結果之比較 97
4-9以木質素為主體之複合薄膜應用滲透蒸發脫鹽程序於不同進料濃度 99
4-10以木質素為主體之複合薄膜應用滲透蒸發脫鹽程序於不同入料離子比較 101
4-11以木質素為主體之複合薄膜應用於滲透蒸發脫鹽程序於入料為人造海水與文獻結果之比較 105
4-12以木質素為主體之複合薄膜於對水接觸角測試 107
4-13以木質素為主體之吸水率測試 108
4-14以木質素為主體之交聯度測試 110
4-15以木質素為主體之複合薄膜掃描電子顯微鏡測量 111
第五章、結論 119
第六章、參考文獻 121
附錄A、其餘木質素薄膜製備及滲透蒸發脫鹽程序效能測試 134
A-1以木質素為主體與聚氧代氮代苯并環己烷高分子薄膜製備 134
A-2以木質素為主體與聚氨酯高分子薄膜製備139 137
A-2-1聚氨酯高分子MA_MDI_PEG鑑定分析 138
A-2-2以木質素為主體與聚氨酯高分子薄膜外觀 143
A-2-2-1以木質素為主體與聚氨酯高分子薄膜改質及應用於滲透蒸發脫鹽程序 144
A-2-2-1-1以木質素為主體與聚氨酯高分子薄膜浸泡戊二醛水溶液 144
A-2-2-1-1-1以木質素為主體與聚氨酯高分子薄膜浸泡戊二醛水溶液對水接觸角測試 145
A-2-2-1-1-2以木質素為主體與聚氨酯高分子薄膜浸泡戊二醛水溶液滲透蒸發脫鹽程序 146
A-2-2-1-2以木質素為主體與聚氨酯高分子和聚乙烯醇高分子薄膜製備 147
A-2-2-1-3以木質素為主體與聚氨酯高分子和聚乙烯醇縮丁醛薄膜外觀 148
A-3以木質素為主體與還原氧化石磨烯複合薄膜製備6 149
A-3-1以木質素為主體與還原氧化石磨烯複合薄膜外觀 150
A-4木質素添加於聚醯亞胺薄膜製備 151
A-4-1木質素添加於聚醯亞胺薄膜應用於滲透蒸發脫鹽程序 152
A-5木質素添加於含聚醚之聚氧代氮代苯并環己烷薄膜製備 153
A-5-1含聚醚之聚氧代氮代苯并環己烷摻混木質素薄膜應用於滲透蒸發脫鹽程序 154
A-6幾丁聚醣摻混木質素薄膜製備 155

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