有機發光二極體 (Organic Light Emitting Diode, OLED)的內部量子效率雖然已可達到100%，但因有機層、陽極、基板及空氣等介面間折射率的不匹配，導致僅有約20%的光子得以進入空氣中，其餘80%的光子，或由元件側面逸散，或是最後以熱能的形式被消耗，這正是OLED元件效率無法更進一步提升的原因；因此，許多研究利用光提取結構，讓光子可以有效地被利用，進而提升元件的整體效率；雖然目前已有許多研究，使用光提取技術提升元件效率，卻沒有針對出光結構與光提取效率的關係，進行系統性的討論；瞭解出光結構與光提取效率間的關係，可減少製作成本，避免使用無效的內出光結構，導致整個元件的浪費，因此，相當有助於設計可實際運用之內出光結構。
本研究使用光學模擬軟-SETFOS，探討在基板和陽極介面間，內出光圖案結構對出光提取效率的影響，控制的參數包括：構成單元形狀，如：方形（square-dot）、圓形（circle-dot）與六邊形（hexagonal-dot），排列方式，如：光柵（grating）、矩陣排列（rectangularly-arranged）與六方排列（hexagonally-arranged）、圖案結構高度與基板折射率；模擬結果顯示：使用邊長50 nm的六角形單元，在週期為100 nm的矩陣排列方式下構成之週期圖案，搭配折射率1.8之基板，相較於未使用內部光提取圖案時，可增加114%的光提取效率，且圖形高度在20~200 nm範圍內不會影響光提取效率，然而使用圓形單元形狀的出光結構，其出光效率則與結構的高度有關。

The internal quantum efficiency of organic light emitting diodes has reached 100%, but due to the mismatch of refractive index between the organic layer, anode, substrate and air, only about 20% of the photons can enter the air. The remaining 80% of the photons either escape from the side of the device or are consumed in the form of heat energy. This is why the efficiency of OLED devices cannot be further improved. Therefore, many research groups utilize light-extraction structures that enable photons to be effectively used to improve the overall efficiency of the device. Although there have been many studies to use light-extraction technologies to improve the device efficiency, there is no systematic analysis about the relation between internal light-extraction pattern parameters and out-coupling efficiency. Understanding the relation between the light-extraction structure and the out-coupling efficiency can reduce the manufacturing cost and avoid the use of invalid internal structures, which leads to the waste of the entire device. Therefore, it is very helpful to design practical internal light-extraction structures.
This study uses optical simulation software-SETFOS to discuss the internal light- extraction pattern effect on the out-coupling efficiency between the substrate and the anode interface. The control parameters include: the shape of the unit, such as: square-dot, circle-dot and hexagonal-dot, the arrangement, such as: grating, rectangular arrangement and hexagonal arrangement, pattern height and refractive index of substrate. The result shows that using periodic pattern composed of rectangularly-arranged hexagonal-dot whose side length is 50 nm with a period of 100 nm, along with a substrate with refractive index 1.8 can increase the out-coupling efficiency by 114% compared with the conventional device without light-extraction. Besides, the out-coupling efficiency will not be affected by the pattern height in the range of 20 ~ 200 nm.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 IV
目錄 VIII
圖目錄 XII
表目錄 XVI
壹、緒論 1
貳、文獻回顧 3
2-1、有機發光二極體的發光原理 3
2-1-1、OLED的放光方式 3
2-1-2、OLED的發光機制 5
2-2、有機發光二極體的能量轉移機制 8
2-3、有機發光二極體的基本結構 11
2-4、OLED的元件效率 12
參、有機發光二極體的光提取 14
3-1、有機發光二極體的光損耗種類及機制 14
3-1-1、輻射模式(radiation mode) 14
3-1-2、基板模式(substrate mode) 14
3-1-3、ITO/有機層光波導模式(ITO/ Organic waveguide mode) 15
3-1-4、表面電漿子模式(Surface plasmon polaritons mode) 15
3-2、有機發光二極體光提取 17
3-2-1、內部光提取結構 17
3-2-1-1、添加低折射率層 17
3-2-1-2、添加散射層 18
3-2-1-3、使用圖案化電極 21
3-2-1-4、光子晶體 22
3-2-1-5、表面電漿子耦合 24
3-2-2、外部光提取結構 26
3-2-2-1、表面粗化處理 26
3-2-2-2、微透鏡陣列 27
肆、有機發光二極體光學電腦模擬 31
4-1、模擬軟體 31
4-2、使用材料 32
4-2-1、本研究使用有機材料之功能、全名及簡稱 32
4-2-2、本研究使用有機材料之化學結構式 33
4-3、模擬參數與檔案輸入 35
4-3-1、客體材料光激發光譜 (photoluminescent spectrum) 35
4-3-2、內部光提取圖案 35
4-3-3、有機材料折射率 35
4-4、內部光提取圖案的建立 36
4-4-1光柵狀週期圖案 36
4-4-2矩陣排列週期圖案 37
4-4-3六方排列週期圖案 39
4-5、光提取效率的計算 40
伍、結果與討論 42
5-1、元件材料折射率、厚度及光提取效率 42
5-2、光柵狀內部光提取圖案 43
5-2-1、寬度對光提取效率的影響 44
5-2-2、高度對光提取效率的影響 45
5-2-3、基板折射率對光提取效率的影響 46
5-3、矩陣排列之內部光提取圖案 46
5-3-1、邊長對光提取效率的影響 48
5-3-2、高度對光提取效率的影響 50
5-3-3、基板折射率對光提取效率的影響 52
5-4、六方排列之內部光提取圖案 52
5-4-1、邊長、直徑對光提取效率的影響 53
5-4-2、高度對光提取效率的影響 55
5-4-3、基板折射率對光提取效率的影響 57
陸、結論 58
柒、參考文獻 60
附錄、個人著作目錄 63
(A) 期刊論文 63
(B) 研討會論文 63
(C) 得獎紀錄 63

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