有機發光二極體（Organic Light Emitting Diode, OLED）近年來被廣泛應用在顯示器與照明產品上，憑藉著其高對比、高顯色、廣視角、面光源、自發光、省電、可撓曲等優異特性，成為當今最受矚目的新興技術；不過，高製作成本是OLED產業之致命傷，為了實現低成本之大面積連續滾印，開發出相關濕式製程與材料就顯得十分重要；然而，濕式製程的元件，其效率表現普遍較差，為求解決，可藉由添加電洞傳輸層以提升元件的效率，能使濕式製程往商業化的目標向前邁進一步
本研究使用一系列新穎芴基分子之電洞傳輸材料製作濕式黃光OLED，其中以10-Hexyl-3-[2,7-di(9-ethylcarbazolyl-3-yl)fluoren-9-ylmethylene]phenothiazine (DM-260)製成的元件表現最為優異，相較於業界廣為使用之電洞傳輸材料N, N′-Bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB)，在亮度為100 cd/m2時，其能量效率由17.3 lm/W提升至26.8 lm/W，提升幅度為55 %；電流效率由20.6 cd/A提升至34.6 cd/A，提升幅度為68 %；外部量子效率由6.5 % 提升至11.4 %，提升幅度為75 %；效率的提升可歸因於DM-260電洞傳輸材料具有: (1) 較深的最高填滿分子軌域，使電洞注入層與電洞傳輸層間的能障提升，因而調製過多的電洞注入，使電子電洞數量達成平衡；(2) 較佳的的電洞傳輸能力，使得電洞更有效地注入到發光層中，進而提升元件效率。

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been extensively applied to displays and lighting products in recent years. They showed some promising characteristics such as high contrast, high color rendering, wide viewing angle, surface light source, self-luminous, energy saving, flexible. However, the high production cost is the fatal weak point of the OLED industry. To achieve cost-effective, large-area size, and roll-to-roll fabrication, development of solution-process manufacturing is hence crucial. However, wet-processed OLED device generally exhibit efficiency much lower than their dry-processed counterparts. To solve this problem, a hole transmission layer can be added to improve the efficiency of the device and break through a major difficulty in the commercialization of the wet process.
We demonstrate here a series of novel fluorene-based molecular hole transport materials to fabricate wet yellow OLED. Among them, the components made of 10-Hexyl-3- [2,7-di (9-ethylcarbazolyl-3-yl) fluoren-9-ylmethylene] phenothiazine ( DM-260) perform best. Compared with N,N′-Bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB), a hole transmission material widely used in the industry, the power efficiency is increased from 17.3 lm/W to 26.8 lm/W at 100 cd/m2, with an increment of 55 %. Besides, the current efficiency is increased from 20.6 cd/A to 34.6 cd/A, with an increment of 68 %, and the external quantum efficiency is increased from 6.5 % to 11.4 %, with an increment of 75 %. The enhancement of efficiency can be attributed to the fact that DM-260 has (1) the highest occupied molecular orbital deeper than NPB, therefore, the energy barrier between the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer is increased, so excessive hole injection is modulated to balance the number of electron holes, (2) better hole transmission capability enables holes injecting into the emissive layer more effectively, thereby improving device efficiency.

摘要............................................I
Abstract.......................................II
致謝...........................................IV
目錄..........................................VII
表目錄.........................................X
圖目錄........................................XI
壹、緒論.......................................1
貳、文獻回顧...................................3
2-1 有機發光二極體的歷史發展....................3
2-2、OLED的基本結構與出光方向...................5
2-3、OLED的發光機制............................6
2-3-1 OLED發光機制.............................6
2-3-2 光激發光原理.............................7
2-3-3 電激發光原理.............................8
2-4、能量傳遞機制..............................9
2-5、光色定義.................................12
2-6、元件效率.................................13
2-7、有機發光二極體之高效率元件製作.............15
2-8、有機發光二極體之材料發展..................21
2-8-1、陽極材料...............................21
2-8-2、電洞注入材料...........................22
2-8-3、發光層材料(EML)........................23
2-8-4、電子傳輸材料(ETL)......................23
2-8-5、電子注入材料...........................24
2-8-6、陰極材料...............................25
2-9 有機發光二極體電洞傳輸材料(HTM)之發展.......25
2-9-1 聯苯(biphenyl)衍生物....................26
2-9-2 三芳香胺(triarylamine)衍生物............27
2-9-3 交叉鏈接(spiro)衍生物...................29
2-9-4 咔唑(carbazole)衍生物...................29
參、實驗方法..................................31
3-1 實驗方法..................................31
3-1-1、本研究所使用之材料......................31
3-1-2、本研究使用之材料化學結構式...............33
3-1-3、材料性質之量測..........................36
3-2 元件設計及製備.............................37
3-2-1 元件電路設計.............................37
3-2-2 ITO基材清潔與表面前處理..................38
3-2-3 旋轉塗佈電洞注入層.......................38
3-2-4 旋轉塗佈電洞傳輸層.......................39
3-2-5 發光層之製備.............................39
3-2-6 蒸鍍系統.................................39
3-2-7 蒸鍍速率之測定...........................40
3-2-8 電子傳輸層之製備.........................41
3-2-9 無機層之製備.............................41
3-3 元件光電特性...............................41
3-3-1、發光效率之量測..........................41
3-3-2、電致發光光譜量測........................42
肆、結果與討論.................................44
4-1、新穎電洞傳輸材料的物理性質.................44
4-2、元件結構..................................55
4-3、電洞傳輸材料對元件之影響...................57
伍、結論 ......................................65
陸、參考文獻...................................67
附錄、個人著作目錄..............................73
(A)、研討會論文................................73
(B)、得獎紀錄..................................73

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