我們成功合成出尺寸可調控的四面體碘化亞銅奈米晶體，尺寸範圍介於56奈米至645奈米之間。碘化亞銅四面體在掃描式電子顯微鏡及穿透式電子顯微鏡的觀察下，可以確保其形狀邊角完整且表面平滑。在粉末式X射線繞射分析中，我們可以得知其屬於面心立方晶系。此外，在選區繞射圖、X射線能譜圖及X射線光電子能譜圖中，我們可以再次驗證合成出來的奈米粒子為具有{111}晶面的碘化亞銅奈米晶體。在紫外光可見光漫反射光譜圖中，我們可以觀察到碘化亞銅四面體在光學上有尺寸及晶面效應。碘化亞銅四面體的能隙會隨著尺寸愈大而有略微紅位移的現象。相比於大顆的碘化亞銅四面體和市售的碘化亞銅粉末，在1,3-偶極環加成反應中，顯露{111}晶面且尺寸為56奈米的碘化亞銅四面體擁有最佳的有機催化活性，展現出我們所合成的碘化亞銅奈米晶體在有機催化應用上的優勢。

We have successfully synthesized size-tunable tetrahedral CuI nanocrystals ranging from 56 nm to 645 nm. SEM and TEM images show that our tetrahedral nanoparticles have sharp edges and smooth surfaces. PXRD patterns confirm a face-centered cubic lattice for CuI. Moreover, SAED patterns, EDS elemental mapping images, and HRXPS spectra confirm that our synthesized nanocrystals are CuI bound by the {111} facets. UV–vis DRS results reveal that the CuI tetrahedra exhibit size- and facet-dependent optical properties. The band gap of CuI is slightly red-shifted with increasing sizes. In click reaction, {111}-bound 56 nm CuI tetrahedra achieved the best product yield compared to those larger tetrahedra and commercial CuI powder, demonstrating the advantage of using these designed CuI for catalytic applications.

論文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III
TABLE OF CONTENTS IV
LIST OF FIGURES VI
LIST OF SCHEMES X
LIST OF TABLES XI
LIST OF APPENDIX XIII
1 Facet-Dependent Properties of Semiconductor Crystals 1
1.1 Size- and facet-dependent properties 1
1.1.1 Facet-dependent electrical conductivity properties of Cu2O and Ag2O nanocrystals 1
1.1.2 Facet- and size-dependent optical properties of Cu2O nanocrystals 9
1.1.3 Facet-dependent catalytic properties of Cu2O nanocrystals 13
1.2 Copper iodide 16
1.2.1 Reported synthetic procedure of CuI in an organic phase 17
1.2.2 Reported synthetic procedures of CuI in an aqueous phase 18
1.2.3 Optical properties of CuI 20
1.2.4 Organic reactions using CuI as catalyst 21
2 Synthesis of Size-Tunable CuI Tetrahedra for Optical Characterization and Click Reactions 25
3 Experimental Section 27
3.1 Chemical 27
3.2 Instrumentation 27
3.3 One-pot synthesis of size-tunable tetrahedral CuI nanocrystals 28
3.3.1 One-pot synthesis of size-tunable tetrahedral CuI nanocrystals by adjusting the reaction temperature 28
3.3.2 One-pot synthesis of size-tunable tetrahedral CuI nanocrystals by adjusting the amount of Na2SO4 30
3.4 One-pot synthesis of ultrasmall tetrahedral CuI nanocrystals 31
3.5 Scaling up the synthetic procedure of size-tunable tetrahedral CuI nanocrystals 32
3.6 Large scale synthesis of ultrasmall tetrahedral CuI nanocrystals 33
3.7 Use ultrasmall tetrahedral CuI nanocrystals for click reactions 34
4 Results and Discussion 36
4.1 Characterization of size-tunable CuI nanocrystals 36
4.1.1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 37
4.1.2 Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) 42
4.1.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 43
4.1.4 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) 44
4.1.5 High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HRXPS) 45
4.2 Hypothesized formation mechanism and discussion 49
4.3 The size and facet effects in optical properties 54
4.4 CuI tetrahedra for click reactions 58
5 Conclusion 70
REFERENCES 71
APPENDIX 79

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