物質的超導態具有完全的零電阻以及抗磁性而在工程上有重要的應用，近幾年的實驗中發現了原本理論預測的新穎超導態-拓樸超導-而使這個領域更熱絡的發展。拓樸超導具有拓樸的性質，可以保護材料中一些重要的資訊不被破壞，這個重要的特性剛好可以應用在量子電腦上，量子電腦的基礎材料-量子位元-非常容易受到外在環境影響，而拓樸超導體形成的一對馬約拉納費米子可以被拓樸態保護，使得資訊不會消失。

我的實驗是將錳作為磁性的雜質鍍在鉛在矽上所形成的薄膜上，鉛在矽上形成的薄膜具有超導性，而在傳統超導上鍍上磁性雜質理論上有可能會形成拓樸超導。STM是觀察這個拓樸超導最好的工具之一，因此我的實驗主要是觀察鉛和錳鍍在矽上的表面型態以及探討成膜的機制。

The superconducting state of a material has totally zero resistance and magnetic resistance, so it has important application in engineering. In recent years' experiments, a new superconducting state predict by theorem (topological superconductivity) was be founded and caused this field to even flourish. Topological superconductivity has the property of topology. It can protect some important information in material and this property can be used in quantum computer.The fundamental material of quantum computer, qubit, affected by the surrounding easily, and a pair of Majorana fermions formed by topological superconductor can be protected by topological state. So the information will not disappear.

My experiment is to deposit Mn as the magnetic impurities on the thin film of Pb on Si. The thin film of Pb on Si has superconductivity, and in theorem that deposit magnetic impurity on traditional superconductor may form topological superconductor. STM is one of the best tools to measure this topological superconductor. So my experiment will mainly focus on the surface topography and growth behavior of Mn and Pb depositing on Si.

摘要
致謝
目錄
第一章 簡介-------------------------7
第二章 實驗方法---------------------29
第三章 實驗結果---------------------52
第四章 結論-------------------------80
參考資料----------------------------82

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