有機電子產品在柔性設備中的應用日益受到關注。菲烯是一種有前途的材料，可以替代有機電子產品中的常規矽導體，具有較大的能隙，場效應電子移動率和高化學穩定性。
我們使用超高真空低溫掃描穿隧顯微鏡，測量了新開發的2-溴[5]菲烯和4-溴[5]菲烯的結構和電子特性，以及它們在Au（111）上的烏爾曼反應。分子分別以攝氏120度（2-溴[5]菲烯）和攝氏90度（4-溴[5]菲烯）的參數進行物理氣相沉積，覆蓋率為0.3到1.8 ML。
我們之前曾研究過無取代基的[5]菲烯的成長，顯示第一層的成長無序。4-溴[5]菲烯也符合這樣的結果。相比之下，可以觀察到由Br誘發的偶極引導的4-溴[5]菲烯的有序生長。熱處理後，可以觀察到兩者的偶聯反應和環化反應。我們將討論觀察到的結構以及由STS量測出溴對電子性能的影響以及偶聯反應。

Organic electronics receive growing attention for applications in
flexible devices. Phenacenes are such a promising material as a replacement for conventional silicon conductor in organic electronics, with a large band gap, field-effect mobility, and
high chemical stability[2].
Using ultrahigh-vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope, we measured the structure and electronic properties of newly developed 2-bromo-[5]phenacene (2BP) and 4-bromo-[5]phenacene (4BP) and their coupling through Ullmann reaction on Au(111). Molecules are thermally deposited from powder to the substrate at  120C (2BP) and  90C (4BP) at coverages from 0.3 to 1.8 mono-layer.
We previously studied the growth of unsubstituted Phenacenes, which show a disordered growth in the first layer and a 3D ordered growth beyond[3]. 4BP follows previous observations. In contrast, the well-ordered growth of 2BPs as mediated by the Br induced dipole can be observed. After thermal treatment, the covalent coupling of both species and cyclization can be observed. We will discuss the observed structures, the impact of the Br on electronic properties as recorded in STS, and the coupling reaction.

摘要 ---------------------------------i
Abstract -----------------------------ii
Acknowledgments-----------------------iii
Contents
1 Introduction -----------------------3
2 Instrumentation --------------------5
3 Theory -----------------------------10
4 Overview ---------------------------13
5 Calibration-------------------------19
6 Experiment--------------------------21
7 Summary-----------------------------43
Bibliography--------------------------44
Appendix------------------------------50

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