在天然水體中二價銅離子與多種配位基所形成錯合物的光化學反應對於光反應性之研究相當重要，一價銅量子產率的測定是評估銅錯合物的光反應性之指標。藉由改變無氧水溶液中的 pH值、總配位基濃度與總二價銅濃度等實驗條件，於波長 313 nm的光照射下，銅錯合物經由配位基-金屬電荷轉移 (LMCT)反應引發一價銅的生成，研究配位基結構對於銅錯合物系統中光生成一價銅的效應。利用多元線性回歸分析測定個別二價銅錯合物種於 313 nm下的莫耳吸收係數與一價銅的量子產率，對於帶有醯胺基的銅胺基酸錯合物而言，其 CuL的一價銅量子產率 (ΦCu(I),CuL)如下：天門冬醯胺酸 (0.068 ± 0.013)、麩醯胺酸 (0.076 ± 0.020)，CuL2的一價銅量子產率 (ΦCu(I),CuL2)：天門冬醯胺酸 (0.047 ± 0.021)、麩醯胺酸 (0.067 ± 0.026)，由於鍵結位置與電子親和力的影響不同，結果顯示配位基上的碳鏈長度增加對於光反應性影響並不顯著，然而 CuL的一價銅量子產率 (ΦCu(I),CuL)會大於CuL2的一價銅量子產率 (ΦCu(I),CuL2)，此結果可透過銅與配位基之間的穩定效應說明。對於帶有 α-羥基的銅有機酸錯合物而言，其CuL的一價銅的量子產率 (ΦCu(I),CuL)遵循以下趨勢：酒石酸 (0.206 ± 0.030) > 蘋果酸 (0.160 ± 0.010) > 琥珀酸 (0.110 ± 0.018)，而在 Cu(II)/Tar系統中，CuL2¬一價銅量子產率 (ΦCu(I),CuL2)也大於 CuL (ΦCu(I),CuL)，這些結果皆表明 α-羥基會增加光反應性，其可歸因於 α-羥基會穩定錯合物的激發態，有利於進行 LMCT電子躍遷。此外，Cu(II)/Malic acid系統中的光產物乙醛及Cu(II)/2-AIB系統中的光產物丙酮的光副產物已被測定，Cu(I)與這些羰基產物的反應生成速率之比例約為 2.5 : 1，也比較在有氧環境下光副產物生成量皆較無氧的環境下高，在本研究中也提出其光化學反應機制模型假設。

The photoproduction of Cu(I) in deaerated solution is a useful indicator to evaluate the photodegradation of organic ligands when Cu(II) complexes with organic ligands exist in natural waters. Under irradiation at 313 nm, the effects of ligand structure to the Cu(I) photoformation of Cu(II) complex systems have been studied in the deaerated aqueous solutions over a widespread pH, total ligand concentration and total Cu(II) concentration. The Cu(I) photoformation is induced from Cu(II) complex through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). Molar absorptivities and Cu(I) quantum yields of individual Cu(II) complex species at 313 nm have been determined by using the multivariate linear regression analysis. For the Cu(II)/amino acid complex with amide group, the Cu(I) quantum yields for CuL (ΦCu(I),CuL) : asparagine (Asn) (0.068 ± 0.013)、glutamine (Gln) (0.076 ± 0.020) and those for CuL2 (ΦCu(I),CuL2) : Asn (0.047 ± 0.021)、 Gln (0.067 ± 0.026). Due to the different effects of bonding position and affinity, the results show that the increase of the carbon chain length on the ligand has no significant effect on the photoreactivity. However, the result of ΦCu(I),CuL larger than ΦCu(I),CuL2 is explained from the stabilizing effect for Cu(II) and ligand. For the Cu(II)/organic acid complex with α-OH group, ΦCu(I),CuL follow the trend: tartaric acid (Tar) (0.206 ± 0.030) > malic acid (MA) (0.160 ± 0.010) > succinic acid (SA) (0.110 ± 0.018). In Cu(II)/Tar system, the Cu(I) quantum yields for CuL2 (ΦCu(I),CuL2) is also larger than CuL (ΦCu(I),CuL). These results indicate that α-OH group increase photoreactivity, which attributable to the stabilizing effect of α-OH group on the excited state of Cu(II) complex. In addition, the photo-by-product of acetaldehyde in the Cu(II)/malic acid system and acetone in the Cu(II)/2-AIB system have been determined. The reaction rate of Cu(I) and carbonyl photoproducts are approximately in the ratio of 2:1, and the amount of photo by-products generated in air-saturated solution is higher than that in deaerated solution. The photochemical reaction mechanism model assumption is proposed.

摘要.....I
Abstract.....II
謝誌.....IV
目錄.....V
圖目錄.....VIII
表目錄.....XV
第一章 緒論.....1
1.1簡介.....1
1.2 研究動機.....2
1.3 研究目的.....3
第二章 文獻回顧.....4
2.1 環境中銅的分布.....4
2.2 配位基.....5
2.2.1 胺基酸 (Amino acid).....5
2.2.2 有機酸 (Organic acid).....6
2.3 水相中銅錯合物的光化學反應.....7
2.3.1 Cu(II)/胺基酸錯合物 (Cu(II)/amino acid complexes).....7
2.3.2 Cu(II)/有機酸錯合物 (Cu(II)/ organic acid complexes).....10
2.4 一價銅的量測.....12
2.5 光反應副產物醛酮類的量測.....14
2.6 化學光度計 (Chemical actinometer).....15
第三章 實驗方法.....18
3.1 實驗理論與反應模型.....18
3.1.1 反應模型假設與條件.....18
3.1.2 水溶液中Cu(II) 錯合物的莫耳吸收係數.....19
3.1.3 水溶液中Cu(II) 錯合物的 Cu(I) 量子產率.....21
3.1.4 水溶液中 Cu(II) 錯合物的光產物醛銅量子產率.....23
3.2 銅錯合物系統中各個物種配位比例.....26
3.3 實驗藥品.....29
3.3.1 藥品.....29
3.3.2 藥品溶液配置.....30
3.4 實驗儀器.....35
3.4.1 單光照射系統 (Monochromatic irradiation system).....35
3.4.2 除氧系統 (Deaerated system).....36
3.4.3 紫外-可見光光譜儀 (UV-Vis spectrophotometer).....37
3.4.4 高效能液相層析儀 (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) 38
3.4.5 pH meter.....39
3.5 實驗流程分析.....40
3.5.1 銅錯合物的莫耳吸收係數量測.....40
3.5.2 量測光反應中產生之一價銅.....40
3.5.3 光強度的量測.....44
3.5.4 銅胺基酸系統中醛類光產物的量測.....48
3.5.5 銅胺基酸系統中酮類光產物的量測.....53
3.6 實驗架構.....56
第四章 結果與討論.....58
4.1 莫耳吸收係數.....58
4.2 Cu(II)/amino acid系統中 Cu(I)光反應.....65
4.2.1 Cu(II)/Asparagine錯合物反應動力學及 Cu(I)量子產率.....65
4.2.2 Cu(II)/Glutamine錯合物反應動力學及 Cu(I)量子產率.....70
4.2.3 Cu(II)/Lysine錯合物反應動力學及 Cu(I)量子產率.....74
4.2.4 Cu(II)/Arginine錯合物反應動力學及 Cu(I)量子產率.....78
4.3 Cu(II)/organic acid系統中 Cu(I)光反應.....82
4.3.1 Cu(II)/Tartaric acid錯合物反應動力學及 Cu(I)量子產率.....82
4.3.2 Cu(II)/2-AIB錯合物反應動力學及 Cu(I)量子產率.....86
4.4 Cu(II)/amino acid系統中醛、酮光副產物.....88
4.5 Cu(II)/organic acid 系統中醛、酮光副產物.....93
4.6 配位基結構的光反應性比較.....107
4.6.1 胺基酸系統比較.....107
4.6.2 有機酸系統比較.....108
4.6.3 有氧/無氧系統光副產物比較.....110
第五章 結論.....118
第六章 未來展望.....119
參考資料.....120
附錄一 Cu(II)錯合物之莫耳吸收係數原始數據.....128
附錄二 Cu(II)錯合物光反應產生之 Cu(I)原始數據.....135
附錄三 Cu(II)錯合物光反應產生之醛、酮副產物原始數據.....141
附錄四 Visual MINTEQ 3.1使用說明.....143

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