臺灣有機農業成長及發展的現況與世界趨勢發展相比之下仍處相當緩慢的階段。面臨國際有機農業的快速發展，政府部門有必要了解從事有機農業的生產者特質，了解有機農業生產者特質有助於促使政府部門針對其潛在有機農業生產者設計促進政策以增進有機農業市場之發展。
　　本研究以桃園市為研究場域，透過質化深度訪談從事有機農業及慣行農業生產者，後透過融入/結晶化分析(immersion/crystallization analysis)法分析出生產者的個體特質並與過去相關文獻提出之個體決定因子為基礎發展問卷，而後透過便利抽樣(Convenience Sampling)分別蒐集桃園地區具有機農產品驗證資格之有機農業生產者及慣行農法生產者共136個有效樣本進行邏輯迴歸(Logistic regression)分析。
　　分析結果顯示年齡、閩南人、土地是否為自有土地、慣行務農經驗對於是否從事有機農業具有負面影響、而年生產虧損承受比例及環境態度對於是否從事有機農業具有正向影響，表示此方法可以於有效地解釋有機農業變化的關鍵因子，以利政府部門針對有機農業或友善環境耕作的推廣及發展。

The growth and development of Taiwan's organic agriculture is still at a rather slow pace when compared with the world. Facing the rapid development of international organic agriculture, it is necessary for government departments to understand the characteristics of producers in the organic agriculture industry, which will help government departments to design promotional policies for the potential producers to further the development of the organic agricultural market.
This study used Taoyuan City as the research target area for qualitative in-depth interviews with producers, who were engaged in organic agriculture and habitual agriculture, where the individual characteristics of producers were then analyzed by the immersion/crystallization analysis to develop a questionnaire based on the individual determinants proposed in previous related literatures, from which, 136 valid samples of qualified organic and habitual agricultural producers with proper certification in Taoyuan area were collected by convenience sampling for logistic regression analysis.
The results showed that age, southern Fujian people, ownership of the land and habitual farming experience had negative effects on engagement in organic agriculture, while annual production-loss ratio and the attitude toward environment imposed positive effects. This method could effectively explain the key factors in changes of organic agriculture; thus, facilitating the promotion and development of organic agriculture or environmentally friendly farming by government departments.

第一章　緒論 1
第一節　研究動機 1
第二節　研究目的 4
第三節　研究區域概述 5
第二章　文獻回顧 9
第一節　有機農業的內涵及相關研究內容 9
第二節　土地利用變遷取徑下有機農業的研究內容 15
第三節　土地利用變遷的模式及其取徑下有機農業的研究 20
第三章　研究設計 26
第一節　研究架構 26
第二節　研究流程 27
第三節　研究方法 29
第四章　研究結果與分析 33
第一節　從經營者觀點分析有機農業的發展現況 33
第二節　有機農業生產者的特質及個體因子分析 43
第三節　有機農業產者的個體決定因子實證分析 50
第五章　結論與建議 64
第一節　結論 64
第二節　研究建議 68
參考文獻 69
附錄一　新環境典範量表 78
附錄二　問卷 79
附錄三　訪談逐字稿 83

中文部分
丁志堅（1997）。運用馬可夫鏈模式度量土地利用變遷之研究。國立臺灣大學地理學研究所碩士論文，臺北市。
丁志堅（2002）。屏東平原土地利用變遷分析與模式建立。國立臺灣大學地理環境資源學研究所博士論文，臺北市。
王蔓瑜（2018）。工業區設置對農地利用變遷之影響─土地變遷、環境與社會衝擊之研究。臺灣大學園藝暨景觀學系碩士論文，臺北市。
江孏乙（2013）。日治時期臺灣桃竹苗地區的客家教育(1895-1945)。國立臺灣師範大學教育學研究所博士論文，臺北市。
行政院客家委員會（2017）。105年度全國客家人口暨語言基礎資料調查研究。新北市：行政院客家委員會。
行政院農業委員會臺南區農業改良場（2019）。 推廣教育研究室-臺南區農業訓練課程之訓練成效與從農分析。行政院農業委員會臺南區農業改良場107年年報，56-59。
林孟儀（2012）。雲林縣農民對有機農業的看法及採行意願之研究。國立雲林科技大學全球運籌管理研究所碩士論文，雲林縣。
林麗芳（2014）。美國有機農產品之管理及貿易概況。農政與農情，261。
林傳琦（2004）。日本有機農產品驗證制度簡介。農政與農情，140。
賴澤涵（2010）。新修桃園縣志-地理志。桃園市：桃園縣政府。
賴澤涵（2010）。新修桃園縣志-住民志。桃園市：桃園縣政府。
柳婉郁、林國慶、施瑩艷（2014）。影響私有地主參與自願性造林契約意願與補償額度因素之分析-以台南地區休耕農地為例。應用經濟論叢，95，191 - 224。
張子超（1995）。 環保教師對新環境典範態度分析。環境教育季刊，26，37- 45。
章波、濮勵傑、黃賢金、周青、 呂敏眸、 李憲文（2005）。 城市區域土地利用變化及驅動機制研究-以長江三角洲地區為例。長江流域資源與環境，14(1)，28-33。
許世宏、劉惠國、柳婉郁（2010）。臺南縣後壁鄉稻農對有機稻米看法之分析。作物、環境與生物資訊， 7(1)，21-36。
許輔、黃鵬、楊大吉（2014）。我國與各國有機加工產業之發展策略。農政與農情，269。
黃山內、林傳琦（2002）。台灣地區有機農業之發展現況與展望。亞熱帶農作物產業之研究與發展研討會論文集，98-109 。
黃邱麟（2015）。有機農業慣行化? 食安問題與有機標章對有機農產品購買之影響。中興大學應用經濟學系碩士論文，台中市。
黃敏誠 （2007）。新竹地區土地利用變遷之研究。國立嘉義大學史地學系研究所，嘉義市。
楊玉婷 （2011）。全球有機農業市場概況。農業生技產業季刊，28， 10-14。
楊雅惠（2013）。我國有機農業發展及經營特性分析。主計月刊，687，68-75。
鄒克萬、 張曜麟（2004）。都市土地使用變遷空間動態模型之研究。國立臺灣大學理學院地理學系地理學報，35，35-51。
劉佳玲（2007）。新竹地區建地土地利用變遷模式之建立。國立臺灣大學地理環境資源學研究所碩士論文，臺北市。
劉昌武（2008）。19世紀前桃竹苗地區聚落開拓和地形相關之研究。中國文化大學地學研究所碩士論文，臺北市。
蔡志弘（2005）。新環境典範量表與新生態典範量表於預測環境行為意向上之比較研究。國立花蓮師範學院生態與環境教育研究所碩士論文。花蓮縣。
謝啟賢、蔡博文、張康聰（2007）。養殖土地利用變遷預測模式之建立個體施為取徑。地理學報，47，1-18。
蕭景楷（2005）。經營農場的風險及其管理。作物、環境與生物資訊，2， 255-266。
郭乃禎（2012）。影響花蓮好事集農夫從事友善（有機）耕作之因素探討。國立東華大學自然資源與環境學系碩士論文。花蓮縣。

英文部分
Battershill, M. R., & Gilg, A. W. (1997). Socio-economic constraints and environmentally friendly farming in the Southwest of England. Journal of Rural Studies, 13(2), 213-228.
Bengtsson, J., Ahnström, J., & WEIBULL, A. C. (2005). The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta‐analysis. Journal of applied ecology, 42(2), 261-269.
Berry, M. W., Hazen, B. C., MacIntyre, R. L., & Flamm, R. (1996). LUCAS: a system for modeling land-use change. IEEE Computational Science and Engineering, 3(1), 24-35.
Chang, Y. C., Uphoff, N. T., & Yamaji, E. (2016). A conceptual framework for eco-friendly paddy farming in Taiwan, based on experimentation with System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methodology. Paddy and water environment, 14(1), 169-183.
Clarke, K. C., Hoppen, S., & Gaydos, L. (1997). A self-modifying cellular automaton model of historical urbanization in the San Francisco Bay area. Environment and planning B: Planning and design, 24(2), 247-261.
Clawson, M., & Stewart, C. L. (1965). Land use information. A critical survey of US statistics including possibilities for greater uniformity. Land use information. A critical survey of US statistics including possibilities for greater uniformity.
Crabtree, B. F., & Miller, W. L. (Eds.). (1999). Doing qualitative research. sage publications.
Crowder, D. W., & Reganold, J. P. (2015). Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(24), 7611-7616.
Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D. (1978). The “new environmental paradigm”.The journal of environmental education, 9(4), 10-19.
Dunlap, R. E., Van Liere, K. D., Mertig, A. G., & Jones, R. E. (2000). New trends in measuring environmental attitudes: measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: a revised NEP scale. Journal of social issues, 56(3), 425-442.
Fox, J., Rindfuss, R. R., Walsh, S. J., & Mishra, V. (Eds.). (2003).People and the environment: Approaches for linking household and community surveys to remote sensing and GIS (Vol. 1). Springer Science & Business Media.
Gatto, M., Wollni, M., & Qaim, M. (2015). Oil palm boom and land-use dynamics in Indonesia: the role of policies and socioeconomic factors. Land Use Policy, 46, 292-303.
Halmy, M. W. A., Gessler, P. E., Hicke, J. A., & Salem, B. B. (2015). Land use/land cover change detection and prediction in the north-western coastal desert of Egypt using Markov-CA. Applied Geography, 63, 101-112.
Hegazy, I. R., & Kaloop, M. R. (2015). Monitoring urban growth and land use change detection with GIS and remote sensing techniques in Daqahlia governorate Egypt. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 4(1), 117-124.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis . Uppersaddle River.
Hill, B., & Gasson, R. (1985). Farm tenure and farming practice. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 36(2), 187-199.
Inclán, D. J., Cerretti, P., Gabriel, D., Benton, T. G., Sait, S. M., Kunin, W. E., ... & Marini, L. (2015). Organic farming enhances parasitoid diversity at the local and landscape scales. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52(4), 1102-1109.
Jouzi, Z., Azadi, H., Taheri, F., Zarafshani, K., Gebrehiwot, K., Van Passel, S., & Lebailly, P. (2017). Organic farming and small-scale farmers: Main opportunities and challenges. Ecological Economics, 132, 144-154.
Karimi, F., Sultana, S., Shirzadi Babakan, A., & Royall, D. (2018). Land suitability evaluation for organic agriculture of wheat using GIS and multicriteria analysis. Papers in Applied Geography, 4(3), 326-342.
Battershill, M. R., & Gilg, A. W. (1997). Socio-economic constraints and environmentally friendly farming in the Southwest of England. Journal of Rural Studies, 13(2), 213-228.
Kitamura, T., Kagatsume, M., Hoshino, S., & Morita, H. (1997). A theoretical consideration on the land-use change model for the Japan case study area.
Krishnan, L. M., Philip, H., Chinnadurai, M., & Ravichandran, V. (2015). Constraints in the Adoption of Eco Friendly Conservation Practices,. Journal of Extension Education, 27(3).
Lambin, E. F., Turner, B. L., Geist, H. J., Agbola, S. B., Angelsen, A., Bruce, J. W., ... & George, P. (2001). The causes of land-use and land-cover change: moving beyond the myths. Global environmental change, 11(4), 261-269.
Landis, J. D. (1994). The California urban futures model: a new generation of metropolitan simulation models. Environment and planning B: planning and design, 21(4), 399-420.
Landis, J., & Zhang, M. (1998a). The second generation of the California urban futures model. Part 1: Model logic and theory. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 25(5), 657-666.
Landis, J., & Zhang, M. (1998b). The second generation of the California urban futures model. Part 2: Specification and calibration results of the land-use change submodel. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 25(6), 795-824.
Liebhardt, W. & Hardwood, R.(1985). Organic Farming. Office of Technology Assessment. Congress of the United States Background Papers , 20.
McIntosh, A., & Campbell, T. (2001). Willing Workers on Organic Farms (WWOOF): A neglected aspect of farm tourism in New Zealand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9(2), 111-127.
Mishra, A. K., Deep, S., & Choudhary, A. (2015). Identification of suitable sites for organic farming using AHP & GIS. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 18(2), 181-193.
Morita, H., Hoshino, S., Kagatsume, M., & Mizuno, K. (1997). An application of the land-use change model for the Japan case study area.
Carson, R. (2009). Silent spring. 1962..
Reganold, J. P., & Wachter, J. M. (2016 ) Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century. Nature plants, 2(2), 15221.
Röös, E., Mie, A., Wivstad, M., Salomon, E., Johansson, B., Gunnarsson, S., ... & Watson, C. A. (2018). Risks and opportunities of increasing yields in organic farming. A review. Agronomy for sustainable development, 38(2), 14.
Schulman, M. D., Zimmer, C., & Danaher, W. F. (1994). Survival in agriculture: Linking macro‐and micro‐level analyses. Sociologia Ruralis, 34(2‐3), 229-251.
Serneels, S., & Lambin, E. F. (2001). Proximate causes of land-use change in Narok District, Kenya: a spatial statistical model. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 85(1-3), 65-81.
Seufert, V., & Ramankutty, N. (2017). Many shades of gray—The context-dependent performance of organic agriculture. Science advances, 3(3), e1602638.
Sgroi, F., Candela, M., Trapani, A. M. D., Foderà, M., Squatrito, R., Testa, R., & Tudisca, S. (2015). Economic and financial comparison between organic and conventional farming in Sicilian lemon orchards. Sustainability, 7(1), 947-961.
Shucksmith, M. (1993). Farm household behaviour and the transition to post‐productivism. Journal of agricultural economics, 44(3), 466-478.
TurnerⅡ, B. L., Skole, D., Sanderson, S., Fischer, G., Fresco, L., & Leemans, R. (1995). Land-use and land-cover change: science/research plan, International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Stockholm; Report, 35.
Vidogbéna, F., Adégbidi, A., Tossou, R., Assogba-Komlan, F., Martin, T., Ngouajio, M., ... & Zander, K. K. (2016). Exploring factors that shape small-scale farmers’ opinions on the adoption of eco-friendly nets for vegetable production. Environment. development and sustainability, 18(6), 1749-1770.
Wang, N., Gao, Y., Wang, Y., & Li, X. (2016). Adoption of eco-friendly soil-management practices by smallholder farmers in Shandong Province of China. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 62(2), 185-193.
Willer, H., & Lernoud, J. (2017). The world of organic agriculture. Statistics and emerging trends 2017 (pp. 1-336). Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and IFOAM-Organics International.