本研究旨在探討材料熟悉度與幼兒社會地位對從眾性選擇性相信的影響。本研究對象以方便取樣方式在新竹市地區11所公、私立及非營利幼兒園進行資料蒐集，共有199名三到五歲幼兒作為研究對象，本研究分為兩個實驗，實驗一探討材料熟悉度對從眾性選擇性相信的影響（N=95），實驗二探討幼兒社會地位對從眾性選擇性相信的影響（N=104）。實驗一使用從眾性選擇性相信三個測試作業，分別為作業一為完全陌生材料的新奇物品名稱測試作業，作業二部分陌生材料的50-50圖片測試作業，作業三加入可靠性進行干擾的從眾性與準確性之測試作業；實驗二先進行社會地位遊戲後再進行與實驗一相同的三個測試作業。實驗一的研究結果發現五歲幼兒有從眾的偏好，三歲及四歲幼兒尚未穩定意識到從眾特質的意涵，因此無法以此作為選擇的依據；材料熟悉度變化對從眾性選擇性相信沒有顯著的影響，因此再繼續調查特質的影響效果，加入可靠性特質進行干擾後，發現五歲幼兒的從眾傾向下降，並且發現可靠性的干擾效果比材料熟悉度變化的影響效果更大。實驗二的研究結果發現幼兒社會地位遊戲的操弄使高、低社會地位組幼兒的年齡差異及性別差異消失。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of material familiarity and the social status of young children on the selective trust of consensus informants.The study conducted data collection in 11 kindergartens in Hsinchu City. A total of 199 children aged 3 to 5 years old were selected as research subjects. The study was divided into two experiments. Experiment 1(N=95) uses three test assignments, test 1 for the Novel label test, test 2 for the 50-50 picture test, and test 3 for the Dissenter-endorsed test; Experiment 2(N=104) performed the same three test assignments as Experiment 1 after the social status game.
The results of the Experiment 1 found that the five-year-old child has demonstrated a systematic preference for consensus informants, and the three-year-old and four-year-old children have not. Material familiarity changes have no significant impact on the selective trust of consensus informants, so continue to investigate the effects of traits, it’s found that the reliability interference is more effective than the material familiarity change. Experiment 2 is found that there was no difference in the performance of children in all age groups, and there was no difference in gender performance.

第一章　緒論 1
第一節　研究動機 1
第二節　研究目的與研究問題 7
第三節　名詞釋義 7
第二章　文獻探討 9
第一節　選擇性相信的定義、重要性與研究趨勢 9
第二節　從眾性選擇性相信 26
第三節　影響幼兒選擇性相信之個人因素 32
第四節　社會地位與選擇性相信之關聯性 34
第三章　研究方法 39
第一節　研究架構 39
第二節　研究對象 40
第三節　研究工具 42
第四節　研究程序 52
第五節　資料分析 53
第六節　研究倫理 54
第四章　研究結果與發現 55
第一節　材料熟悉度對從眾性選擇性相信的影響 56
第二節　社會地位對從眾性選擇性相信的影響 72
第五章　結論與建議 89
第一節　結論 89
第二節　研究建議 90
參考文獻 92
附錄一：家長同意書 98
附錄二：材料熟悉度之從眾性選擇性相信任務內容說明 99
附錄三：社會地位遊戲指導語 104
附錄四：幼兒從眾性選擇性相信選擇紀錄表 106

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